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TO THE 

FRIENDLY SONS OF ST. PATRICK 

IN THE 

CITY OF NEW YORK 

AND TO 

KINDRED SOCIETIES THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY 

THIS WORK IS 

CORDIALLY DEDICATED 

BY 

THE AUTHOR 



FOREWORD. 

The story of the settlement of the children of Ireland in 
America is at present receiving much and long-needed atten- 
tion. The present work on St. Patrick's Day celebrations 
in American places will contribute something to that story. 

While recalling many of the most notable gatherings in 
honor of Ireland's patron saint, and giving something of the 
spirit of the times in the toasts and sentiments that en- 
livened these occasions, it will be found to throw many inter- 
esting sidelights on the growth in numbers and standing of 
Irishmen and the descendants of Irishmen in the centres of 
American life and activity. 

The period it seeks to cover extends from the year 1737 
to the year 1845 — more than a century. The former date is 
chosen because it is that of the earliest record yet found of 
Irishmen meeting on American soil to honor St. Patrick. It 
closes with 1845, because thereafter began the greater Irish 
immigration — that of the " famine years " and years follow- 
ing — with so marked an increase in the volume of the west- 
ward floating Celtic tide, as in effect to make a new epoch. 
Shortly thereafter, too, came the Young Irelanders of 1848, 
a brilliant band giving new impulse to Irish sentiment. 

From few and rare in the middle of the eighteenth cenfury 
the observances of St. Patrick's Day had become fixed insti- 
tutions in most American cities and towns by the middle 
of the nineteenth century. From 1845 on to the present 
day these festal functions have spread all over the United 
States with the march of the Irish race. Every urban com- 
munity gives welcome and honor to the Irish anniversary, 
often by imposing military and civic parades, by impressive 
church services and eloquent pulpit utterances, by the dis- 



6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

play of flags on public and private buildings, by great ban- 
quets attended by national, state and city officials. 

When we look back for a moment to the year 1737, the 
period when our modest story begins, we see Ireland, almost 
half a century after the close of the Jacobite wars, lying 
broken and helpless under the iron rule of the Ascendancy. 
From the day that Sarsfield marched out of Limerick taking 
with him 10,000 Irish soldiers to enter the service of France, 
Spain or Austria — wherever in Europe a true man's sword 
was needed — began a century of dull and leaden tyranny 
that only awakened local and abortive resistance, and saw 
horrors of repression that English historians blush for to-day. 

Ireland was a good land to live out of then. Even the 
descendants of those who had been " planted " in Ireland, 
displacing the Irish landowners, did not always find the island 
a desirable abode. For while the Catholics were given over 
to the Protestants as something worse than slaves, to be 
harried, robbed under law or outside of it, all impulse to 
economic progress, even on the part of Protestants, was 
destroyed. 

The great landowners drew large revenues in rackrents 
and lived out of Ireland. The smaller landholders lived 
precariously in constant conflict with their tenants and went 
into debt. What peasant would toil and struggle for more 
than would hold body and soul together if the surplus could 
be taken from him almost at will? Nor did the Protestants 
who were permitted to trade in Ireland fare much better. 

The greed of the merchants and manufacturers of Eng- 
land, operating through Parliament, so hampered and bur- 
dened Irish trade and manufacture as practically to annihilate 
it. Ireland " alone of all the world " was forbidden as Hil- 
dreth, the American historian, says, to import direct from the 
English colonies and could only export to them horses, ser- 
vants and provisions, and only in English vessels. This 
greed it was that made Dean Swift give his famous advice to 
Irishmen, "Burn everything English — but coal," anticipating 
somewhat the doings at the Boston " tea party " sixty years 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



7 



later where the destructive result was worked out in another 
element. 

Emigration from Ireland was continuous. Protestant 
Irishmen of family and education carried their talents to 
London. In 1737, Edmund Burke, seven years old, was 
going to school to O'Halloran of Castletown; Oliver Gold- 
smith, nine years old, was at the school of Thomas Byrne at 
Lissoy, listening to that old soldier's stories of the Spanish 
wars, between his lessons in Greek and Latin. To London 
and fame they drifted in time with the common tide of Pro- 
testant Irishmen of talent and learning. Protestant traders 
and farmers emigrated to the English colonies. New Hamp- 
shire, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania and the Caro- 
linas received them by the thousand. 

Ramsay in his history of South Carolina says : " But of all 
other countries, none has furnished the province with so 
many inhabitants as Ireland. Scarce a ship sailed from any 
of its ports for Charleston that was not crowded with men, 
women and children. The bounty allowed to new settlers 
induced numbers of these people to resort to Carolina. The 
merchants finding this bounty equivalent to the expenses of 
the passage, persuaded the people to embark. Many causes 
may be assigned for this spirit of emigration from Ireland, 
but domestic oppression was the most powerful and prev- 
alent." Concerning Pennsylvania, the arrivals at the Port of 
Philadelphia for the year ending December, 1729, are set 
down as : 

English and Welsh 267 

Scotch 43 

Palatines (Germans) 343 

Irish 5,655 

or a proportion of nine Irish immigrants to one from all 
other nations in Europe. And this constant influx, though 
not in so great disproportion to other arrivals, recurred 
annually at the same port, till the close of the century. 
The outflow of Catholic Irishmen, gentlemen and peas- 



8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

ants, to take place in the armies of Europe, was only measured 
by the opportunities to leave Ireland. Treason it was to 
migrate with such an object, and those who succeeded were 
smuggled out in native fishing craft or foreign luggers. 
This migration of the Irish to foreign battlefields was known 
for a hundred years in Ireland as " the flight of the wild 
geese " — who fled in the night, and their accustomed places 
knew them no more. Seldom, indeed, they returned. 

During this protracted emigration of both Catholics and 
Protestants, many Irishmen came to America whose names, 
and the names of their descendants, were to figure conspic- 
uously among the patriots who fought and suffered and con- 
quered in the great struggle for freedom and national inde- 
pendence. Casually may be mentioned, George Clinton, the 
first Governor of the State of New York, who served seven 
terms in office, or twenty-one years in all, and had also the 
honor of being Vice-President of the United States. In 
Virginia, the Lewis family were distinguished patriots and 
in Carolina, among a host of statesmen and soldiers of the 
Revolution, stand the brothers John and Edward Rutledge. 
John Rutledge was President and Commander-in-Chief of 
the Colony and afterwards Chief Justice of the United States 
Supreme Court. Edward Rutledge and Thomas Lynch, 
Junior, were signers of the Declaration of Independence for 
South Carolina. 

We get perhaps a little closer to Irish knowledge when 
we recall that the year of the first celebration of St. Patrick's 
Day in America, of which we have record, was but eight years 
before the battle of Fontenoy, where the Irish Brigade saved 
the fortunes of France. 

If Ireland in 1737 was economically, nationally and politi- 
cally dead, Irishmen were in the front of the struggle of life 
outside her boundaries. Swordplay there was in plenty on 
the Continent of Europe. The wars of the Polish and Aus- 
trian successions involved most of the continental powers, 
and there were Irishmen in every battle. 

Nothing was heard then in Ireland, England, Europe or 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY g 

America, of the distinction made by ill-instructed moderns 
between the Irish and the " Scotch-Irish," the latter a racial 
figment adopted since by shallow commentators of no 
ethnological standing. Anglo-Irish who presently merged in- 
to the general population there were in plenty. Scotchmen 
similarly " planted " in Ireland were few. Protestantism be- 
came no test of race. Many Catholic Celts " conformed." 
Many Catholics of English descent refused to conform. In 
the English colonies of America at that time, the anti-Catho- 
lic laws in force were as much an expression of the popular 
religious sentiment, as in line with the policy of the British 
Crown. Catholics were not welcome. Hence, voluntary 
Irish emigrants to America were, in the large majority, Pro- 
testant. Protestant or not, they called themselves Irishmen. 

The Irish gentlemen and merchants who met convivially 
in Boston on March 17, 1737, to honor St. Patrick, and 
founded a benevolent society with quaint officials bearing 
silver keys, described themselves as Irish or of Irish extrac- 
tion and of Protestant faith. While they toasted the Saint 
and laughed and sang, the Colony of Massachusetts was in a 
hot wordy struggle with the Mother country on the subject 
of taxation and trade discrimination, a struggle that went 
forty years later to blows and to the extinguishment of 
English rule in America. 

New York was in much the same attitude, perpetually 
quarrelling with its English Governors. The City of New 
York had then less than 10,000 inhabitants. Down the 
Atlantic coast as far as Georgia there were the same specks 
of trouble between the colonies and the Mother country, and 
at all points of contact with the French and Spanish there 
was strain and often shock. America, in fine, was slowly 
working towards claiming and taking the position of inde- 
pendence, first in local and later in national affairs. 

As fixing the time in another sense, let us record that 
George Berkeley of the diocese of Cloyne in Ireland, had 
concluded his two years of residence at Newport, Rhode 
Island, but seven years before, in 1730 to wit, and Bishop 



IO EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

Berkeley had sung in prophetic immortal verse, " Westward 
the course of Empire takes its way." 

Our Protestant Irishmen at Boston who were gayly cele- 
brating the day of the Saint as the Catholic Irish soldiers 
in the armies of France and Spain were celebrating it in 
their camps, were simply demonstrating the mental resili- 
ency of the Gael. He cannot remain crushed while life is 
in him. No other human being has survived so much and 
such long-continued disaster, without degeneration, as the 
Irish Celt. His ability to find something to smile at while 
suffering acutely is as characteristic of him to-day as it was 
two hundred years ago. During the dark days of Elizabeth 
his sense of humor did not forsake him — the times when the 
poet Spenser describes the Irish as haggard and ragged and 
living precariously on roots and herbs in a devastated land. 

This saving humor survived the drastic days of Cromwell 
and stood a friend during the grim, hopeless century be- 
tween the battle of the Boyne and the battle of Vinegar Hill. 
The Irish nature was like the Irish climate, its smiles making 
up for its tears. In such a nature there is no despair. Defeat 
that leaves it life is a downfall, not a hopeless calamity. Often 
it has been said that with more consistent grimness of char- 
acter the Irish would have achieved their aspirations ; equally 
it may be said that with more grimness in them, they would 
have been annihilated. Time and again through the great 
crises of their history they struggled manfully up to a certain 
point; beyond that they submitted to their fate, however 
dreary, with a smiling philosophy that was the puzzle of 
their conquerors. " They are downtrodden, but surely they 
are contented, for they dance in the moonlight and sing by 
the cradle, and laugh and are merry at wedding and christen- 
ing," said the rulers. But they were not contented. Their 
imaginations clung to the memory of the olden times, and 
they were ever ready for another effort when events seemed 
to favor it. Their natures underwent no change. Their 
songs and laughter were no " organized hypocrisy " but 
simply the vent of ebullient, uncrushable souls. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY U 

And we have a thousand proofs that in the mingling of 
Celtic and British blood, the vital resource of being always, 
and often humorously, superior to fate, was sure of trans- 
mission to the new generation. It is the badge of our fight- 
ing race, and enters into the marrow of its traditional 
bravery. It has defied ordinary analysis. To Mr. Rudyard 
Kipling, who has fairly well described the externals of the 
Irish soldier in British India, these lights and shades of char- 
acter are incomprehensible, and hence woefully miscon- 
strued. He has missed the ethnological elucidation, but the 
great Voltaire had missed it, too, and at the very period of 
which we are writing. 

Loyalty to England throughout the American colonies 
took on the step-daughter quality early in the eighteenth cen- 
tury. It was qualified by questions of " the narrow things 
of the house " which bred and maintained unfilial feeling. 
Every step toward self-government was resisted in England 
as an " encroachment on the royal prerogative; " every fresh 
attempt to fasten the bonds with the Crown was resented in 
America as " an outrage on liberty." Yet the word Inde- 
pendence was all but unheard for quarter of a century after 
the Charitable Irish Society of Boston first sat down together 
in 1737. The most expressive acts of loyalty in America 
during the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century, 
were in the active support given to England in her wars with 
France and Spain. But inasmuch as neighboring American 
territory became the prize of victory in those wars, there 
was another incentive beside devotion to a ruler beyond the 
seas. George Washington was a British soldier in this 
sense in the French war of 1755-60. 

In 1757, as we turn over the pages, we hear of St. Patrick 
being honored among Irish soldiers in the English Camp 
at Fort William Henry on Lake George. In 1763 the Saint 
was similarly honored at Fort Pitt, that is at Pittsburg, and 
if on March 18th, " Croghan could not write by this express " 
on account of the fetes of the day before, we may be sure that 
the party was an exceedingly merry one. Once the War of 



12 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

the Revolution had broken out, the Saint was found to be 
stimulating Irishmen to social enjoyment on both sides of 
the fighting line. 

While a record exists of the Irishmen with Washington's 
army at Valley Forge honoring the day in 1778, we find 
Lord Rawdon's " Volunteers of Ireland," enlisted on the 
royal side of the dispute, sitting down 400 strong on March 
17, 1779, to a banquet in the Bowery where the King, no 
doubt, was toasted while the " shamrock was drowned." 
These Volunteers a year later were deserting to the patriots 
in such numbers that Lord Rawdon was offering "10 guineas 
for the head of any deserter." It shows that banquets, high 
pay and flattery did not avail to hold them on the wrong side 
in such a contest, for they were deserting to an ill-fed, ill-clad 
army of provincials fighting a powerful Empire for freedom. 
Here, doubtless, a writer like Mr. Kipling would fail to 
understand. 

Toasts to " Our Lord, the King " were, however, soon at 
an end on St. Patrick's Day in America, and thenceforth the 
Irish story is one of fervent devotion to the Union of the 
States and its starry flag. What a curious running com- 
mentary might be continued as year followed year at these 
festivals in honor of Ireland and her patron saint, but we 
must not be tempted from the fair limits of a prefatory word. 
We see General Washington giving orders for the Day in 
war-time (1780) at Morristown, N. J., in honor of the Saint 
and noting the brave things doing in the Parliament of 
Ireland — the Parliament of Flood and Grattan. We see him 
dining with the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, later on. We 
catch echoes of the rebellion of 1798. We note the coming 
of the banished leaders of the United Irishmen, and the 
honored name of Thomas Addis Emmet appears; also we 
find the Macnevins, the Sampsons, the Wilsons, the Cham- 
bers', the Traynors, the Caldwells, the Constables, the Max- 
wells, the Lynches — all these settled in New York. Phila- 
delphia, Baltimore, and other large cities could supply a list 
of statesmen, soldiers and patriots as well known as these. 
u The Memory of Orr " becomes a toast. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



13 



The national poetry of Thomas Moore begins to sparkle at 
the festive board. The genius of Curran is honored. The 
War of 18 12, Catholic Emancipation in the British Isles, the 
" Reform " wave of 1832, Daniel O'Connell and his struggle 
for " Repeal of the Union " all are subjects of luminous 
speech at the gatherings. And at everyone of them the 
genius of America, her freedom, her powerful example of a 
triumphant Democracy, her Presidents, her army, her navy, 
her heroes and her martyrs are honored with grateful heart. 

Future researches may bring to light earlier celebrations 
of St. Patrick's Day in America than any herein found. No 
doubt the Irish immigrants of decades earlier than 1737 did 
meet to honor the national anniversary that they had honored 
at home, but the records are not at present attainable. A 
great deal of the matter in the book has been gleaned, as will 
be seen, by a careful examination of the newspapers of the 
times covered. They were not then the eager reporters 
of events they have since become, but such as they were 
they found room for many a record of St. Patrick celebra- 
tions. 

While careful in this task, the author has not attempted 
to note every observance of the Day that took place, only 
the more prominent, notable and curious, not to say enter- 
taining. In published transactions of various organizations, 
in diaries, histories and other publications the material has 
been sought and culled. In this way have been gathered 
records, that appear in this work, of celebrations by the fol- 
lowing organizations : 

Charitable Irish Society, Boston, Mass. 
Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick, New York City. 
Volunteers of Ireland (Lord Rawdon's). 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York City. 
The Hibernian Society, Philadelphia, Pa. 
New York Hibernian Volunteers, New York City. 
Hibernian Friendly Knot, New York City. 
Irish Volunteers, Charleston, S. C. 



14 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



St. Patrick's Benevolent Society, Charleston, S. C. 
St. Patrick's Club, or Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick, 
Charleston, S. C. 

The Hibernian Society, Charleston, S. C. 

Druid's Grand Lodge, New York City. 

Hibernian Provident Society, New York City. 

The St. Patrick's Society, Albany, N. Y. 

Juvenile Sons of Erin, New York City. 

The Republican Greens (Riflemen), New York City. 

St. Patrick's Benevolent Society, Philadelphia, Pa. 

The Hibernian Society, Baltimore, Md. 

The Hibernian Society, Savannah, Ga. 

The Sons of Erin, Washington, D. C. 

Hibernian Benevolent Society, Fredericksburg, Va. 

The Sons of Erin, Albany, N. Y. 

Montgomery Hibernia Greens, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Erin Benevolent Society, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Shamrock Friendly Association, New York City. 

Erin Fraternal Association, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Friendly Sons of Erin, New York City. 

St. Patrick's Benevolent Society, Providence, R. I. 

Friends of Ireland, New York City. 

The Sons of Erin, Boston, Mass. 

Young C. F. Society, Boston, Mass. 

Hibernian Provident Society, Albany, N. Y. 

Friends of Ireland, Salem, Mass. 

Hibernian Orphan Society, Providence, R. I. 

Young Friends of Ireland, Boston, Mass. 

Hibernian Provident Society, New Haven, Conn. 

The St. Patrick's Society, Hartford, Conn. 

Some of the foregoing organizations have long since 
passed out of existence; others survive, reflecting honor on 
the Irish name. In addition to observances by the bodies 
above named, some accounts will be found of other celebra- 
tions, such as exercises at military posts, religious functions, 
anniversary orations, balls, theatrical performances and vari- 
ous other ways of honoring the Saint and his Day. 



CHAPTER I. 

St. Patrick's Day observed in Boston, 1737, by the Founding of the 
Charitable Irish Society — Celebration of the Day at Fort William Henry 
in 1757 — The Anniversary observed at Fort Pitt in 1763 — A Tribute to 
St. Patrick at Boston in 1768 — Gen. Washington Designates " St. Patrick " 
as the Countersign in 1776 — Additional Observances of the Day during 
the Revolution — Masonic Lodges bearing the Name St. Patrick. 

The earliest American celebration of St. Patrick's Day, 
of which record has been found, took place in 1737. On 
March 17, that year, the Charitable Irish Society * was or- 
ganized in Boston, Mass., by a number of leading Irish Pro- 
testants. The Society is still in existence, though there is no 
longer any religious qualification for membership. " The pre- 
amble adopted by the foundersf reads as follows : 

" Whereas; Several Gentlemen, Merchants and Others, 
of the Irish Nation residing in Boston in New England, from 
an Affectionate and Compassionate concern for their coun- 
trymen in these Parts, who may be reduced by Sickness, 
Shipwrack, Old age and other Infirmities and unforeseen 
Accidents, Have thought fitt to form themselves into a Chari- 
table Society, for the relief of such of their poor and indigent 
Countrymen, without any Design of not contributing to- 
wards the Provision of the Town Poor in general as usual. 
And the said Society being now in its Minority, it is to be 
hoped and expected, that all Gentlemen, Merch ts , and others 
of the Irish Nation, or Extraction, residing in, or trading to 
these Parts, who are lovers of Charity and their Countrymen, 
will readily come into and give their Assistance to so laudable 
an undertaking; and for the due Regulation and Manage- 
ment of said intended Charity, the Society, on the 17th day 

* In its early days it was commonly known as " The Irish Society." 
t See published records of the Society, Boston, 1876. 



1 6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

of March, in the year 1737, agreed on the following Rules 
and orders." 

Then follow the " Rules and orders " in detail, comprising 
thirteen sections besides the By-Laws. Section VIII declared 
that " The Managers of this Society shall be a President, a 
Vice President, a Treasurer, three Assistants, and Three Key- 
keepers, with a Servitor to attend the Society's service, the 
Managers to be natives of Ireland, or Natives of any other 
Part of the British Dominions of Irish Extraction, being 
Protestants, and inhabitants of Boston." 

Section XIII provided that " The Key-keepers are to 
attend Gentlemen and others, Natives of Ireland, or of Irish 
Extraction, residing in these Parts, or Transients, to acquaint 
them with the Charitable Design, and Nature of this Society, 
and to invite them to contribute by the Formality of deliver- 
ing them a Silver-Key, with the Arms of Ireland thereon; 
and if any Persons do refuse the same, they are to return 
their Names to some subsequent Quarterly Meeting." 

The twenty-six original members of the Society were: 
Robert Duncan, Andrew Knox, Nathaniel Walsh, Joseph St. 
Lawrence,* Daniel McFfall, Edward Allen, William Drum- 
mond, William Freeland, Daniel Gibbs,f John Noble, Adam 
Boyd, William Stewart, Daniel Neal, James Mayes, Samuel 
Moore, Philip Mortimer, James Egart, George Glen, Peter 
Pelham,t John Little, Archibald Thomas, Edward Alder- 

* This was probably the person of whom the following mention ap- 
pears in the Boston Selectmen's record, 1737: 

" Mr. Joseph St. Lawrence from Ireland, Merchant, having imported 
upwards of Fifty Pounds Sterling, Prays he may be Allow'd to carry 
on his Business in this Town." 

f Probably Capt. Daniel Gibbs of the " Sagamore " who brought over 
many Irish passengers to Boston, about 1737. 

\ Peter Pelham; termed the "father of fine arts in New England." 
In 1737 he applied to the Boston selectmen for " Liberty to Open a School 
in this Town for the Education of children in Reading, Writing, Needle- 
work, Dancing, and the Art of Painting upon Glass, &c." His applica- 
tion was granted. His son Henry, among other works, executed a mezzo- 
tint of the Countess of Desmond, and is said to have taken great interest 
in Kerry antiquities. Peter Pelham's second wife was the widow of 
Richard Copley, and mother of John Singleton Copley. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 17 

church, James Clark, John Clark, Thomas Bennett and Pat- 
rick Walker. 

^ These men were proud of their Irish blood and emphasized 
this pride by selecting St. Patrick's Day as the occasion on 
which to organize their Irish society. It is believed that 
the religious clause was early repealed or permitted to be- 
come a dead letter. It is thought that Roman Catholics were 
admitted to membership as far back as 1742. It is known 
that Catholics were members of the Society in 1770. To- 
day, the greater part of the members are Catholics, but mem- 
bers are admitted and officers chosen irrespective of church 
affiliations.* Many of the members served in the patriot 
ranks during the Revolution, some of them bearing com- 
missions on land or sea. Henry Knox was admitted to the 
Society in 1772. We shall have occasion to again refer to 
this Society, later. 

On March 17, 1757, a celebration of St. Patrick's Day took 
place at Fort William Henry " at that time the most north- 
erly outpost of Great Britain in America." It was located at 
the head of Lake George and had been built by Sir William 
Johnson, an Irishman by birth.f At the time of which we 
write the garrison was largely Irish and included a battalion 
of Provincial Rangers under John Stark. Forty miles away 
was the French stronghold of Ticonderoga. On the evening 
of March 16, 1757, an extra ration of grog was distributed 



* President James Boyd, a Protestant, in his address to the Society 
at its Centennial anniversary, St. Patrick's Day, 1837, said: " In the per- 
sons who have had the honor to preside over you during the last twenty- 
five years, ten have been Protestants and five have been Catholics. The 
ten Protestants filled the chair twenty years, and the five Catholics five 
years. Yet,, during all this time, it is believed that a majority at all meet- 
ings have been of the Catholic persuasion." 

f He was a native of the County Meath; born, 1715; died in the vicinity 
of Johnstown, N. Y., July 11, 1774; was a nephew of Admiral Sir Peter 
Warren, who was also an Irishman. Johnson, at the outbreak of the 
French and Indian war, was appointed sole superintendent of the Six 
Nations. He was very popular among those Indians; was adopted into 
the Mohawk tribe and created a sachem. The English king gave him a 
grant of 100,000 acres, to the north of the Mohawk river. 
2 



1 8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

to the Irish troops in Fort William Henry, in which to 
" drown the shamrock." 

Stark fearing the effect on his Provincial Rangers issued 
orders that no grog was to be given his command, on March 
17th, except on a written order from himself. He then, it 
is said, had it noised around that he could not fill our* any 
orders as his right hand was lame so that he was unable to 
write. In the meantime, the French had made a forced 
march from Ticonderoga to attack Fort William Henry. 
On St. Patrick's night they fell upon the latter, perhaps 
thinking they would have an easy time of it. They were 
repulsed, however, Stark and his Provincials taking a leading 
part in repelling the assault. Hon. John C. Linehan* de- 
clares that " The truth of the matter is, that with an Irish 
commander, Sir William Johnson, an Irish regiment in the 
fort, and a possibility of there being a part of the old Irish 
brigade in the French stronghold, St. Patrick had an all- 
round celebration and the attack was undoubtedly planned 
by the Irish exiles in the French service, who knew what the 
custom was on March 17, and thought to catch their Anglo- 
Irish opponents unawares." 

In 1763 a celebration of the day took place at Fort Pitt 
(Pittsburgh). Capt. S. Ecuyer, in command at the Fort, 
wrote to Col. Boquet and in the course of his communica- 
tion said : " We had St. Patrick's fetes in every manner so 
that Croghanf could not write by this express." % 

In 1766 St. Patrick's lodge of Masons was instituted at 
Johnstown, N. Y., being the first lodge organized, in that 
province, west of the Hudson river. It was still in existence 
at a recent period. The lodge was warranted under the ad- 

* Treasurer-General, American-Irish Historical Society; State Insur- 
ance Commissioner of New Hampshire. 

•f This was probably George Croghan, an Irishman and famous Indian 
agent. He was a captain in Braddock's expedition, 1755, and in the fol- 
lowing year was assigned to the defence of Pennsylvania's western fron- 
tier. In May, 1776, he founded a settlement a few miles above Fort Pitt, 
Pa. 

X Fort Pitt, or Letters from the Frontier, p. 118. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 19 

ministration of George Harison, provincial grand master of 
the Province of New York. Sir William Johnson, who was 
a native of the County Meath, Ireland, was the first master 
of the lodge. In 1770, Col. Guy Johnson,* a native of Ire- 
land, was elected master of St. Patrick's lodge, and Michael 
Byrne, junior warden. 

A tribute to St. Patrick's memory was paid at a meeting in 
Boston, Mass., March 18, 1768. The Boston Gazette of 
March 21, that year, thus refers to the event: " Friday, the 
1 8th inst.," the anniversary of the repeal of the Stamp act,f 
" a select company of truly respectable Gentlemen, upwards 
of Fifty in number, assembled at the British Coffee House, 
and devoted the happy Day to Mirth and Festivity." One of 
the toasts was to " St. Patrick," and " The preceding day 
being St. Patrick's, and a Number of Irish Gentlemen pres- 
ent, this Toast was cheerfully drank." Another toast on this 
occasion was " May the Sons of America and Ireland never 
be involv'd in Slavery." 

St. Patrick's Day was enthusiastically observed in the 
American army during the Revolution. The British evacu- 
ated Boston on St. Patrick's Day, 1776, and the Americans 
marched in and took possession. Washington in the camp 
at Cambridge authorized as the parole for the day "Boston" ; 
and the countersign, " St. Patrick."! Gen. John Sullivan 
was brigadier of the day. An historical writer § declares that 
as the British departed from Boston they " left sentries stand- 

* Married a daughter of Sir William Johnson, and succeeded the latter 
as Indian agent; fled to Canada at the outbreak of the American Revolu- 
tion, but came back to New York with the British troops; became 
manager of a theatre in that city; joined Brant, the Mohawk chief, and 
took part in deeds of blood in the Mohawk valley. With the Indians, 
in 1779, he battled against Gen. John Sullivan. Guy's estates were con- 
fiscated by the American government. 

t Repealed as the result of a bill introduced in the British Parliament, 
by William Pitt, in 1766. As an expression of gratitude for the repeal 
of the act, a statue to the king was set up in Bowling Green, New York 
City, and one to Pitt at the intersection of William and Wall Streets. The 
repeal of the Stamp Act, however, was not pleasing to the king. 

X American Archives, Fourth Series, Vol. V, p. 421. 

§ Gordon. 



2o EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

ing in effigy with their muskets shouldered and bearing the 
usual appearance of being on duty."* 

In Philadelphia on St. Patrick's Day, 1778, there was a 
celebration by men in the British service. Elizabeth Drinker 
states that " A crowd of Irish soldiers went by this after- 
noon, with one on horseback representing St. Patrick." 

There was also an observance of the day in 1778 by Wash- 
ington's army at Valley Forge. The event was marked by 
an exciting incident or two. Some trouble-makers in the 
army, it appears, sought to have a little fun at the expense 
of the Irish by indulging in antics of a " stuffed Paddy " 
nature. This led to " great indignation among the Irish in 
the camp"f and a row ensued. Washington appeared on 
the scene and " kindly and feelingly argued with them," 
promising to punish the parties who had given offence if the 
latter were shown to him. It was on this occasion that 
Washington is stated to have said " I, too, am a lover of St. 
Patrick's day." Then there was an extra issue of " grog " 
to the army " and thus all made merry and were good 
friends." 

We learn that on St. Patrick's Day, 1779, a lot of " bigots 
congregated " in St. Mary's churchyard, Philadelphia, 
drinking and singing, and that some Irishmen and French- 
men in the American army " decided to teach the desecra- 
tors a lesson." They accordingly fired on the offenders and 
wounded a number of them. The next day Baron Steuben 
ordered " those engaged in the affair to ' step to the front,' 
when forty-nine did so." Forthwith, the cause being ascer- 
tained, " they were discharged from arrest." 

In the St. Louis " Republican," October, 1887, appears 
the following: — 

" Quite an interesting and curious old manuscript relating 
to the time of the American Revolution has been discov- 

* It has been suggested that these effigies may have been " stuffed 
Paddies," a form of alleged humor somewhat prevalent in those days. 

j " Collections of Historical Society," Pa., Vol. I, p. 141, — quoted by 
Martin I. J. Griffin. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 21 

ered by one of our reporters. It is in possession of a resident 
of St. Louis. It is no less than the original " military orders 
of the day " issued to the " Main Guard and Morristown 
Picket " from February 15 to April 7, 1780, while the Ameri- 
can army, under Gen. Washington, was stationed at Morris- 
town, N. J. 

" Though musty with age, and on that account in some 
places almost illegible, the manuscript as a whole is as clear as 
on the day it was written, and presents a photograph of the 
interior workings of that famous little American army, its 
morale, its soldierly discipline, the character of the common 
soldiers, the manner in which they were provided for, the 
kind of arms with which they were equipped, and of other 
incidents, as even the very pastimes and amusements allowed 
the soldiers — such as perhaps no historian of that period 
has ever presented to the world. At present only two ex- 
tracts from the manuscript are given, and they are selected 
for the purpose of showing how this nation, in the throes of 
its birth, as heartily as it does now in the plenitude of its 
might and power, sympathized with the Irish people : — " 

Headquarters, March 16, 1780. 

Officers for duty to-morrow: Brig-Gen. Clinton, Maj. 
Edwards, Brig.-Maj. Brice. The General congratulates the 
army on the very interesting proceedings of the parliament 
of Ireland and of the inhabitants of the country, which have 
been lately communicated. Not only do they appear calcu- 
lated to remove the heavy and tyrannical oppressions on their 
trade, but to restore to a brave and generous people their 
ancient rights and privileges, and in their operation to pro- 
mote the cause of America. Desirous of impressing on the 
mind of the army transactions so important in their nature, 
the General directs that all fatigue and working parties cease 
for to-morrow, the 17th [a] day held in particular regard 
•by the people of that nation. At the same time that he orders 
this as a mark of pleasure he feels in the situation, he per- 
suades himself that the celebration of the day will not be 
attended by the least rioting or disorder. The officers to be 
at their quarters in camp, and the troops of each State are to 
be in their own encampment. 



22 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



Division orders : Captain of the day to-morrow, brigadier- 
major from the Second Pennsylvania brigade. 

Brigade orders: Captain of the day [name illegible]. 
Adjutant of the day to-morrow, Herbert . 

Different versions of the foregoing general order have 
been published from time to time. They all agree in essen- 
tials, and differ only in some minor points of phraseology. 
The following, however, is an exact copy of the order in the 
form in which it appears on the records of the War Depart- 
ment at Washington, D. C. The writer is indebted for this 
copy to Col. F. C. Ainsworth, chief of the Record and Pen- 
sion office of the Department : 

Head Quarters Morris Town, 16th March, 1780. 

The Genl. congratulates the Army on the very interesting 
Proceeding of the Parliament of Ireland, and the Inhabitants 
of that Country, which have been lately communicated, not 
only as they appear calculated to remove those heavy and 
tyrannical oppressions on their Trade, but to restore to a 
brave and generous People their ancient Rights & Freedom, 
and by their operation to promote the Cause of America, — 
desirous of impressing on the Minds of the Army Trans- 
actions so important in their Nature, the Genl. directs that all 
Fatigue and Working Parties cease for tomorrow, the 17th 
a day held in particular Regard by the People of that Nation. 
At the same time he orders, that as a mark of the Pleasure 
he feels on the occasion, he persuades himself that the Cele- 
bration of the Day will not be attended with the least Rioting 
or Disorder — The Offs. to be at their Quarters in Camp, 
and the Troops of each State Line, are to be kept within their 
own encampments. 

The following order was also issued at the same time, 
though it does not clearly appear by whom. Some accounts 
attribute it to Col. Francis Johnson, a Pennsylvania officer : 

" The commanding officer desires that the celebration of 
the day should not pass by without having a little rum issued 
to the troops, and has thought proper to direct the commis- 
sary to send for the hogshead which the colonel has pur- 
chased already in the vicinity of the camp. While the troops 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 23 

are celebrating* the bravery of St. Patrick in innocent mirth 
and pastime, he hopes they will not forget their worthy 
friends in the kingdom of Ireland, who, with the greatest 
unanimity, have stepped forward in opposition to the tyrant 
Great Britain, and who, like us, are determined to die or be 
free. The troops will conduct themselves with the greatest 
sobriety and good order." 

The camp parole on this occasion was " Saint," and the 
countersign, " Patrick " and " Shelah." It is stated f that 
" The day was ushered in with music and hoisting of colors, 
exhibiting the thirteen stripes, the favorite harp and an in- 
scription, ' The Independence of Ireland.' " 

Col. Israel Angell, of the Second Rhode Island % regiment 
in the Continental Line, left a diary § in which, under date of 
"17 March 1781," he states that there was " A great parade 
this day with the Irish," it being St. Patrick's. He adds : " I 
spent the day on the Point and tarried with the officers." 
The army was then encamped at West Point, which is the 
locality referred to by Col. Angell. 

Reference has already been made to a St. Patrick's Lodge 
of Masons instituted at Johnstown, N. Y., in 1766. Another 
lodge bearing the name was located at Portsmouth, N. H., 
and was chartered March 17, 1780. Early that month, a 
number of residents of Portsmouth and vicinity petitioned 
the Masonic grand lodge of Massachusetts for a charter, 
their new lodge to bear the name St. Patrick. The grand 

* " The Hon. Edmund D. Halsey, of New Jersey, who was a careful 
collector of historical matter pertaining to the days of the Revolution, said 
in his address before the Washington Asociation, February 22, 1889, 
referring to March 17, 1780, that St. Patrick's Day was a day of general 
festivity in the American Army." — Extract from address of President 
James S. Coleman to the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York City, 
March 17, 1896. 

\ Griffin. 

j There were many Irish Rhode Islanders in the patriot army. An 
interesting article on the subject, from the pen of Thomas Hamilton 
Murray, appears in the " American Historical Register," May and June, 
1896. 

§ This diary has recently been reproduced in printed form by Edward 
Field, Secretary of the Providence, R. I., Record Commission. 



24 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OE ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



lodge met in Boston on St. Patrick's night, 1780, and granted 
the petition. 

Referring to this St. Patrick's lodge, Macoy's General 
History of Freemasonry, under the heading of New Hamp- 
shire, says that " A charter was granted to a number of 
brethren in Portsmouth by the Massachusetts Grand Lodge, 
under the name of 'St. Patrick's Lodge/ bearing date Boston, 
March 17, 1780. This lodge continued its meetings until the 
latter end of 1790, when they ceased working. This Lodge 
had never acknowledged the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge 
of New Hampshire, and the Massachusetts Grand Lodge, 
by the charter of St. Patrick's Lodge, claimed jurisdiction no 
longer than till a Grand Lodge should be formed in New- 
Hampshire; therefore, St. Patrick's Lodge was not, at the 
time of its dissolution, under the jurisdiction of any Grand 
Lodge." 

A History of Freemasonry in New Hampshire, by Lyman 
Spalding, M.D., Grand Secretary, published in Preston's 
Illustrations of Masonry, as Appendix No. Ill, edition of 
1804, has the following : " A petition was presented to the 
Massachusetts Grand Lodge, March 7th, A. L. 5780, from 
several brethren of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, praying 
that a lodge might be established there, by the name and des- 
ignation of ' St. Patrick's, No. 14,' which was accordingly 
granted. The charter bears date, Boston, 17th of March, 
A. L. 5780. The petitioners met for the first time under the 
charter, March 24th, organized themselves, and chose Oliver 
Whipple, Esq. to be their first Master. 

" This lodge continued its meetings till the latter end of 
the year 1790, when they ceased working; most of its mem- 
bers having joined St. John's Lodge, which was revived about 
that time. The funds and regalia of this lodge were en- 
tirely lost, being kept by the members, in whose hands they 
were lodged at that time. The loss of the regalia may in part 
be attributed to the want of a Grand Lodge to claim them. — 
St. Patrick's Lodge had never acknowledged the jurisdiction 
of the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire, * * * " 



CHAPTER II. 

Celebration of St. Patrick's Day in New York City before and during 
the Revolution — Irish Residents Meet and Pleasantly Observe the Anni- 
versary as Early as 1762 — In 1766 the Day was Ushered in " with Drums 
and Fifes " — The Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick Honor His Memory, 
under British Auspices — Mention of " The Sixteenth Regiment of Foot." 

St. Patrick's Day was celebrated in New York City as 
early as 1762. Of this fact we have a record. But the anni- 
versary was, doubtless, observed here even at a much earlier 
period, if not by organizations, then by groups of congenial 
friends. We have seen that Irish residents of Boston cele- 
brated St. Patrick's Day as far back as 1737, and, we have no 
doubt, the anniversary was as early recognized in New York. 

Thomas Dongan, an Irish Roman Catholic, was made 
governor of the Province of New York in 1683 and held the 
office until 1688. There is little doubt that during this period 
the anniversary of St. Patrick was, in some manner, observed 
by the Governor and his friends and countrymen in these 
parts. It would be strange if this were not so, and we shall 
not be surprised if, one of these days, evidence, confirmatory 
of this, comes to light. 

As a matter of established fact, however, we for the present 
date St. Patrick's Day celebrations in New York City from 
1762. In the New York " Mercury," under date of March 
15, 1762, we find the following notice: "The Anniversary 
Feast of St. Patrick is to be celebrated on Wednesday the 
17th Instant, at the house of Mr. John Marshall, at Mount 
Pleasant, near the College; Gentlemen that please to attend 
will meet with the best Usage." We find no further mention 
of the event but the same was, undoubtedly, a complete 
success. 

A notable celebration took place in New York City in 



26 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

1766. Some of the toasts offered on that occasion appear very 
strange in these days. It should be remembered, however, 
that British influences dominated the gathering and that if 
any of the assembled company disagreed with " The glorious 
Memory of King William," for instance, they very wisely 
kept their opinions to themselves. Some of the toasts, how- 
ever, appear to have been quite commendable. The New 
York " Gazette," March 20, 1766, and the New York " Mer- 
cury," March 24, 1766, have the following account of the 
celebration : 

Monday last being the Day of St. Patrick, tutelar Saint of 
Ireland, was ushered in at the Dawn, with Fifes and Drums, 
which produced a very agreeable Harmony before the Doors 
of many Gentlemen of that Nation, and others. 

Many of them assembled, and spent a joyous tho' orderly 
Evening, at the House of Mr. Bardin in this City, where the 
following Healths were drank, Viz. 

1. The King and Royal House of Hanover. 

2. The Governor and Council of the Province. 

3. The glorious memory of King William, &c. 

4. The Memory of the late Duke of Cumberland. 

5. The Day; and Prosperity to Ireland. 

6. Success to the Sons of Liberty in America, may they 
never want Money, Interest, nor Courage to Maintain their 
Just Rights. 

7. Mr. Pitt. 

8. General Conway. 

9. May the Enemies of America be branded with Infamy 
and Disdain. 

10. May the honest Heart never know Distress. 

11. The Protestant Interest. 

12. May all Acts of Parliament, Contrary to the American 
Interest be laid aside. 

13. Success to American Manufacturers. 

14. May the true Sons of Liberty never want Roast Beef 
nor Claret. 

15. More Friends and less need. 

16. Conquest to the Lover and Honour to the Brave. 

17. May we never want Courage when we come to the 
Trial. 

18. The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DIAY 27 

19. May the Enemies of Ireland never eat the Bread nor 
drink the Whisky of it, but be tormented with Itching with- 
out the benefit of Scratching. 

20. Our Noble Selves. 

The next celebration of which we find mention took place 
in 1768, concerning which the New York " Gazette," March 
14, that year, had the following: 



The Gentlemen of Ireland 

Who intend dining together on St. Patrick's Day, are de- 
sired to send their Names to Bolton and Sigell's that Dinner 
may be prepared accordingly. 



In the same issue of the " Gazette " we also find a state- 
ment to the effect that " The Members of the most ancient 
and truly benevolent Order of St. Patrick intend to celebrate 
the Anniversary of that Saint, at the House of John Marshall, 
at the ancient Mason's Arms, near the Hon. William Wal- 
ton's, Esq.; on Thursday the 17th Instant, for which Pur- 
pose Tickets are now delivered at the said John Marshall's." 

Now comes into view an organization known as the 
" Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick." It appears to have been 
divided into " knots " and to have been largely, or entirely, 
composed of men in the British service. In the New York 
" Gazette " of March 13, 1769, a notice appears, stating that: 

The principal Knot of the Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick, 
in the XVIth Regiment of Foot, will meet at Messieurs Bol- 
ton and Sigel's, on Friday the 17th Inst, being the Patron 
Day of the Order, at 2 o'Clock, to dine and transact Business. 
Such Gentlemen in this City as are of the Order, are desired 
to attend. 

Signed by Order, W. F. M. P. S. 

In the New York "Journal," March 30, 1769, is a notice 
reading as follows : " The Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick, 
and several Gentlemen of this City intend dining together at 



28 E.R i, CELEBRATIONS 

Bolton and Sigel's Next Monday, and from thence to go to 
the Play in the Evening; such Gentlemen as propose to join 
them will be pleased to send in their Names to the Bar of 
said Tavern two Days before. 

" New York, March 28, 1769." 

If this latter event was intended as a celebration of St. 
Patrick's Day it is strange that it was held at so late a date 
after the anniversary. However, there may have been a 
special reason for this. It is possible, too, that it was a union 
celebration by the Friendly Brothers instead of by a single 
" knot " of the organization as was that held on the 17th of 
the month. 

In 1770, members of " the 16th Regiment of Foot " again 
paid honor to the memory of St. Patrick as the following 
notice in the New York " Gazette," of March 12th, that year 
indicated they would: 

The Principal Knot of the Friendly Brothers of St. Pat- 
rick, in the 16th Regiment of Foot, will meet at Bolton's on 
Saturday the 17th Instant, being the Patron Day of the 
Order, at 9 o'Clock in the Forenoon to breakfast, transact 
Business and dine. Such Gentlemen in this City as are of the 
Order, are desired to attend. Signed by Order, 

J. F. J. P. S. 

We again find mention of the Friendly Brothers in the 
N. Y. " Gazette," of March 25, 1771, it being there stated 
that " at the usual celebration of the repeal of the Stamp 
Act on 18 March, the assemblage on 18 March 1771, 
drank the usual toast ' Prosperity to Ireland and the worthy 
Sons and Daughters of St. Patrick.' Messages of civil Com- 
pliments were exchanged by those Gentlemen and the 
Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick, who dined at the Queen's- 
Head Tavern ; as also with a Number of other Gentlemen 
who dined at Protestant Hall, at Mr. Samuel Waldron's, on 
Long Island." 

In Rivington's * N. Y. " Gazette," March 10, 1774, we 

* Rivington, James; born in London, in 1761 opened a book store near 
foot of Wall Street, New York; established a weekly newspaper, in 1773, 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



29 



find a notice to the effect that " The Friendly Brothers are 
desired to meet at Hull's Tavern, on Thursday the 17th 
instant. Dinner to be on table precisely at three o'clock. — 
F. T. M." 

The same paper under date of March 17, 1774, say that, 
" This morning the Gentlemen who compose the most 
benevolent society of the Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick 
will give a very elegant breakfast, at Hull's to the principal 
Ladies and Gentlemen of this city, in commemoration of the 
tutelar Saint of Ireland, it being their Patron Day," and the 
same issue of the " Gazette " announces that " The Concert 
which was to have been performed at the Assembly Room, as 
usual this Evening, is deferred until next Monday Evening, 
on Account of a public Breakfast, given by the Gentlemen, 
who compose the Society of The Friendly Brothers." 

On March 16, 1775, Rivington's N. Y. "Gazette" an- 
nounced that " To-morrow being the anniversary of St. Pat- 
rick, Tutelar Saint of Ireland, will be observed with the usual 
respect and attention, by his generous sons and their de- 
scendants." In Rivington's " Royal Gazette," March 14, 
1778, was published this notice: 



The Friendly Brothers 

Are requested to meet the Fraternity the 17th instant, at 
Hick's — Dinner to be on Table at 3 o'clock. 

Wm. F. Bruce, in the Chair. 



devoted to the royal cause. The plant was destroyed by the Sons of 
Liberty in 1775, whereupon Rivington went to England. He came back 
to New York late in 1776 and started his paper anew. Although loudly 
declaiming against the " rebels," he is now believed to have acted in the 
capacity of a spy for Gen. Washington. 



CHAPTER III. 

Lord Rawdon's " Volunteers of Ireland " Observe St. Patrick's Day 
in 1779 — The Corps Parades and Marches into New York City from 
Jamaica, L. I. — A Dinner of Five Hundred Covers partaken of in the 
Bowery — The Officers Dine with his Lordship — The Volunteers again 
Figure in an Observance of the Day in 1780 — Barney Thomson, Piper 
to the Regiment, Composes a Song. 

We now make the acquaintance of Lord Rawdon and his 
" Volunteers of Ireland." This soldier, Francis Rawdon, was 
born at Moira, Ireland, Dec. 9, 1754, and died Nov. 28, 1826. 
He was a son of the Earl of Moira. After the battle of Bunker 
Hill, in which he participated, he became an aide to Sir Henry 
Clinton and in 1776 took part in various operations near 
New York. In 1778 he became Clinton's adjutant-general 
and raised the " Volunteers of Ireland " above mentioned. 
He participated in the battle of Monmouth and other im- 
portant engagements of the war. Subsequent to the battle 
of Hobkirk's Hill, in 1781, he retreated owing to his danger- 
ous position in the face of Gen. Greene's meditated advance. 
Rawdon was created a baron in 1783. In 1793 he succeeded 
to the title of Earl of Moira. He was later governor-general 
of India and at a still later period, governor and commander- 
in-chief of Malta. 

On St. Patrick's Day, 1779, the following appeared in 
Rivington's " Royal Gazette," soliciting recruits for the 
" Volunteers of Ireland." This corps was then quartered at 
Jamaica, Long Island, N. Y. : 



All Gentlemen Natives of Ireland, are invited to join the 
Volunteers of Ireland, commanded by their Countryman 

Lord Rawdon. 

A Corps in which every Recruit is sure of finding Towns- 
men or Relations. The terms of enlistment are for Three 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 3I 

Years, or during the war. Every Recruit shall on his enlist- 
ment receive 30s. sterling, and be equipped in the most. com- 
plete manner. Those who wish to distinguish their attach- 
ment to their country by entering in this corps, are desired to 
apply at the quarters of the regiment in the Bowery Lane, 
New York, or at Lieut. Col. Doyle's quarters No. 10 Wall- 
Street. 

On the same day, March 17, 1779, the " Volunteers " were 
paraded in honor of St. Patrick. The event is thus described 
in Rivington's " Royal Gazette " of March 20, and in the 
New York " Gazette " of March 22 : 

" Last Wednesday, the Anniversary of Saint Patrick, the 
Tutelar Saint of Ireland, was celebrated by the Natives of 
that Kingdom with their accustomed Hilarity. The Volun- 
teers of Ireland, preceded by their Band of Music, marched 
into the City, and formed before the House of their Colonel, 
Lord Rawdon, who put himself at their Head, and after pay- 
ing his Compliments to his Excellency, General Knyphau- 
sen,* and to General Jones, accompanied them to the Bow- 
ery, where a Dinner was provided, consisting of five hundred 
Covers; after the Men were seated, and had proceeded to the 
Enjoyment of a noble Banquet, the Officers returned to 
Town, and dined with his Lordship — The soldierly Appear- 
ance of the men, their Order of March, Hand in Hand, being 
all Natives of Ireland, had a striking Effect; and many of 
their Countrymen have since joined them. 

" This single Battalion, though only formed a few Months 
ago, marched four hundred strapping Fellows, neither in- 
fluenced by Yankee or Ague — A Number perhaps equal to 
all the Recruits forced into the Rebel Army in the same 
Space of Time; which shews how easily Troops may be 
formed on this Continent, from the People who have been 
seduced into America, and spurn at the Treason and Tyranny 
of the Congress; providing proper Measures are followed, 
and they are headed by Men of their Choice : And also, that 

* A Hessian officer in command of the city of New York in the absence 
of Sir Henry Clinton. 



32 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

such Men, however long they may have remained in the 
Haunts of Hypocrasy, Cunning and Disaffection, being nat- 
urally gallant and loyal, crowd with Ardour to stand forth 
in the Cause of their King, of their Country, and of real, 
honest general Liberty, whenever an Opportunity offers." 
Notwithstanding the flattery thus meted out, these " Vol- 
unteers of Ireland " do not appear to have been as much in 
love with the Crown or " the cause of their king " as Lord 
Rawdon and his government hoped. Many of them left the 
British ranks and took refuge among the patriots. To such 
an extent did this happen that Rawdon seems to have lost 
his temper. In an order issued by him to Major Rugely, by 
order of Cornwallis, Rawdon thus writes: 

Headquarters, Camden, ist July, 1780. 
Sir: So many deserters from this army have passed with 
impunity through the districts which are under your direc- 
tion that I must necessarily suspect the inhabitants to have 
connived at if not facilitated their escape. If attachment to 
their sovereign will not move the country people to check 
a crime so detrimental to his service it must be my care to 
urge them to their duty, as good subjects by using invariable 
severity toward every one who shall show so criminal a neg- 
lect to the public interest. 

* * * I will give the inhabitants 10 guineas for the 
head of any deserter belonging to the Volunteers of Ireland; 
and five guineas only if they bring him in alive. They shall 
likewise be rewarded though not to that amount for such 
deserters as they may secure belonging to any other regi- 
ment. 

I am confident you will encourage the country people to 
be more active in this respect. 

I am, Sir, with much esteem, 

Rawdon.* 

In its issue of March 18, 1780, Rivington's " Gazette " has 
the following interesting report : 

The Anniversary of St. Patrick was yesterday celebrated 
with the wonted Conviviality. In the Morning a most ele- 

* The whole of this order will be found in Hartley's " Life of General 
Marion," p. 130. Edition of 1866. 



OF ST. PA THICK'S DAY 33 

gant Breakfast and Ball were given at Mr. Hicks by the 
Members of the Amiable Society of Friendly Brothers of St. 
Patrick, to all the Officers of the Army and Navy, and the 
Gentlemen of the City. In the Afternoon many Entertain- 
ments were likewise given, and the Night closed with all the 
real Jocundity which ever distinguished that brave and gener- 
ous Nation, Great-Britain's beloved Sister. 

Yesterday, (in Honour of the Anniversary of St. Patrick, 
tutelar Saint of that Kingdom) the Regiment of Volunteers 
of Ireland, quartered in Jamaica, (Long Island) were muni- 
ficently entertained by their Colonel, the Right Honourable 
Lord Rawdon. 

A Song 

Sung Yesterday at Jamaica before the Volunteers of Ireland, 
it being St. Patrick's Day. 

By Barney Thomson, 

Piper to that Regiment. 

Time — " Langolee." 

Success to the shamrogue, and all those who wear it. 

Be honour their portion wherever they go, 

May riches attend them, and store of good claret, 

For how to employ them sure none better know ; 

Every foe surveys them with terror, 

But every silk petticoat wishes them nearer, 

So Yankee keep off, or you'll soon learn your error 

For Paddy shall prostrate lay ev'ry foe.* 

This day, (but the year I can't rightly determine) 

St. Patrick the vipers did chase from this land,f 

Let's see if like him we can't sweep off the vermin 

Who dare 'gainst the. sons of the shamrogue to stand ; 

Hand in hand ! let's carrol this chorus, 

" As long as the blessings of Ireland hang o'er us, 

" The crest of rebellion shall trouble before us, 

'* Like brothers while thus we march hand in hand! " 

* Barney Thomson, the composer of this song, was too sanguine. If 
his corps ever came in contact with some of the Irish troops in Washing- 
ton's army, it is safe to say they did not " prostrate lay every foe." 

f Meaning Ireland. 
3 



34 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



St. George & St. Patrick, St. Andrew, St. David, 

Together may laugh at all Europe in arms, 

Fair conquest her standard has o'er their heads waved, 

And glory has on them conferr'd all her charms. 

War's alarms ! to us are a pleasure, 

Since honour our danger repays in full measure, 

And all those who join us shall find we have leisure, 

To think of our sport ev'n in war's alarms. 



On March 17, 1781, Rivington's "Gazette" announced 
that " This being the Anniversary of St. Patrick's Day, tute- 
lar Saint of Ireland, it will be celebrated with the accustomed 
respect and conviviality by all the natives of our brave Sister 
Kingdom, and their genuine Descendants," and the N. Y. 
" Gazette " of March 19, the same year, stated that " Satur- 
day last being the Anniversary of St. Patrick's Day, tutelar 
Saint of Ireland, it was celebrated here with the accustomed 
respect and conviviality." 

In 1782, we once more find mention of the Friendly 
Brothers of St. Patrick. It appears in the following notice 
inserted in Rivington's "Gazette," March 16, that year: 



Saint Patrick. 

The principal Knot of the Friendly Brothers (of St. 
Patrick) of the XVI Regiment of Foot, are requested to 
meet at Roubalet's Tavern, in New York, on Monday the 
1 8th inst. at two o'clock to dine, and transact business. All 
Brothers of that most antient & benevolent Order are re- 
quested to attend and celebrate the Anniversary of their 
Tutelar Saint. Those who wish to meet, are desired to send 
in their names to Roubalet, on or before 2 o'clock this day 
that Dinner may be prepared accordingly, 

By order of the President, 

Fitz M. Friendly Connor. 
Acting Secretary. 

New- York, March 16, 1782. 



The British evacuated New York city Nov. 25, 1783. 
Thenceforth, the St. Patrick's Day celebrations there took 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 35 

place under the inspiring presence of the star spangled 
banner. 

The evacuation of New York by the enemy was attended 
by many interesting features. Preceding it, a conference 
took place at Dobb's Ferry between Washington, Gov. Clin- 
ton and Sir Guy Carleton.* At this conference, it was ar- 
ranged that the British were to get out of New York on the 
date above mentioned. On the morning of Nov. 25, Gen. 
Knox marched his men in from Harlem as far as " Bowery 
Lane." There he halted, at what is now the junction of 
Third Ave., and the Bowery. The Americans remained here 
until about 1 P.M., as the enemy had claimed the right of 
possession until noon. Before 3 P.M., Knox had taken con- 
trol of the city and of Fort George, amid the acclamations of 
a great concourse. Washington located at Fraunce's Tavern, 
where during the afternoon a public dinner to the officers 
of the army was given by Gov. Clinton. In the evening, the 
city was illuminated by rockets, bonfires and other evidences 
of rejoicing. The British flag at Fort George had been nailed 
to the staff and the latter was then made as slippery as pos- 
sible. The emblem of tyranny was soon removed, however, 
and the American flag hoisted in its place. 

* Carleton was born in Strabane, Ireland, 1722; was with Amherst at 
the siege of Louisburg, 1758; in 1774, became governor-general of the 
Province of Quebec; in command of the city of Quebec, 1775, when the 
latter was besieged by Montgomery; was superseded in 1777 by Burgoyne; 
was made commander-in-chief of the British forces in America, 1781. 
He is believed to have sailed for England immediately upon the surrender 
of New York. He died in 1808. 



CHAPTER IV. 



The Abbe La Poterie of Boston Announces a High Mass for St. 
Patrick's Day, 1789 — Celebrations by the Boston Charitable Irish Society 
after the Revolution — President Mackay's Address to the Organization 
in 1784 — Anniversary Meetings in 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, and Other Years 
— The Society Waits upon President Andrew Jackson, Who Replies to 
an Address. 

A religious service in honor of St. Patrick took place in 
Boston in 1789. It was held by Abbe de la Poterie,* who 
is considered to have been the first resident Catholic clergy- 
man of that place. He announced that " On the 17th of 
March, next, [1789], there will be sung at 11 o'clock A.M., 
a high mass in musick to honor St. Patrick, apostle of Ire- 
land. All persons, particularly the Catholics, are desired to 
attend and join to our prayers for the propagation of the 
faith." On St. Patrick's Day, 1800, ground was broken in 
Boston for the new church of the Holy Cross. It is stated 
that the work was done " in the evening, when a number of 
Catholics began to excavate the grounds preparatory to the 
erection of a church." 

Recurring to the Charitable Irish Society of Boston, we 
find its meetings suspended during the Revolution. A meet- 
ing was held Feb. 21, 1775, and the next entry we find is Oct. 
26, 1784. At this latter meeting President William Mackayf 

* " Claudius Florent Bouchard de la Poterie, doctor of divinity, Pro- 
thonotary of the Holy Church and of the Holy See of Rome, Apostolic 
Vice-Prefect and Missionary, curate of the Catholic Church of the Holy 
Cross at Boston in North America " — thus the Abbe announced himself 
on his arrival in Boston. 

f Described in the Boston Directory, 1789, as a " gentleman." In 1772 
he was appointed on a committee to draw up a statement of the rights 
and grievances of the colony. In 1776, he was made a member of the 
committee of correspondence, safety and inspection. 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 37 

made the following address, as recorded in the proceedings 
of the organization : 

" Gent m , Members of the Charitable Irish Society, I con- 
gratulate you on this Joyful Occasion, that we are as- 
sembled again after Ten years absence occasioned by a 
Dreadful and Ruinous war of near Eight years; also that 
we have Conquered One of the greatest and most potent 
Nations on the Globe so far as to have peace and Inde- 
pendency. May our friends, Countrymen in Ireland, Behave 
like the Brave Americans till they recover their Liberties." 

The following extracts refer to subsequent meetings of 
the Society on St. Patrick's Day : 

1794, March 17th Voted, That this be the annual meeting 
for the present year & that the annual meeting in future be 
on the 17th day of March instead of the second Tuesday in 
April, and the other meetings as usual. 

Upon motion of Mr. Gardiner, — Voted that a Sum not 
exceeding three pounds be appropriated to purchase School 
Books for poor Children of Irish Extraction, & that the 
President, Vice President & Secretary be a committee for 
that purpose. 

J 795» J an - 13th. At a Meeting, at the Shakespeare 
Hotel : Voted, That the same Committee in the Name of the 
Society Invite the Rev d - Belknap * to Dine with Dr. Jeremy 
them on the day of our Annual Feast, and that the same 
Committee in the Name of the Society have Liberty to In- 
vite one other Gentleman of the Clergy of this Town also to 
Dine with them at the same time. 

Voted, That the above Committee be empowered to in- 
vite Twelve other Gentlemen, not members of the Society, 
to Dine at our Table at our Annual Feast they being account- 
able for the expense. 

1795, March 17th. At a Meeting at the Long Room- 
Theatre: The Committee appointed to Invite two Gentle- 

* Pastor of the Federal Street Church, Boston; a patriot of the Revo- 
lution; founder of the Massachusetts Historical Society; an overseer of 
Harvard University. 



38 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

men of the Clergy of Boston to dine with the Society on this 
day, Introduced the Rev d Doc 1 Belknap & Rev d Doc' 
Howard. 

1796, March 17th. According to the records, the meeting 
on St. Patrick's Day, this year, was held at " Mr. Mahoney's, 
Federal street." 

1797, Jan. 10. At a meeting held this date it was voted to 
have " A Dinner on St. Patrick's day & the following gent" 
to provide it — viz* — Simon Elliot, Esqr., Capt. Danl. 
McNeill, Mr. Thomas English. Voted The above committee 
prepare such Toasts as the occasion may Require. Voted 
That the above committee be authorized to, admit such 
Gent" as may appear proper subjects for the Celebration, 
they paying their own Club. 

1799, Jan. 8. " Voted, that the Secretary shall be directed 
to offer a Subscription paper to the members of the Society 
for the Celebration of St. Patrick, and if a sufficient number 
be obtained in the opinion of a Committee that shall be ap- 
pointed, to Order a Dinner, Monday the 18th of March next 
at James Vila's, — And to meet at 12 o'clock, to Transact the 
Annual Business, & to Dine at half-past Two, P.M. Voted 
that a Committee be appointed to nominate the Gen 11 who 
shall be invited to the Celebration of St. Patrick." In accord- 
ance with this latter vote, the follow ing were named as the 
committee: Simon Elliot, Robert Gardner,* W m Mackay, 
Jr., and Thomas Neil. 

The Society has continued to annually observe the anni- 
versary to the present day. In 1802, the organization dined 
" at James Vila's "; and in 1803, " at Robert McCormick's." 
At a meeting on March 13, 1806, it was voted that "The 
Secretary send invitations to the Rev'd Clergymen, viz't 
Doct. Francis A. Matignon, John Cheverus & John Murray. 
Voted, The Secretary insert the time of Dinner on the Noti- 
fications, half-past 2 o'clock P. M." 

On March 17, 1815, the meeting was held at the Exchange 

* He furnished the town of Boston a ship on which " to send home " 
a " true account " of the Boston massacre, of November 5, 1770. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



39 



Coffee House. A committee, consisting of Thomas O. Self- 
ridge, Shubael Bell and Capt. James Magee, was appointed 
to inform Gen. Simon Elliot of his election to the presidency 
of the Society. 

The committee to arrange for the Charitable Irish So- 
ciety's celebration in 181 6 consisted of Abraham Strong, 
Walter Welsh, William Lennon and John Beane. The com- 
mittee was empowered to invite " John Cheverus, D.D., 
Bishop; F. A. Matignon, D.D.; Rev'd Asa Eaton; English, 
French & Spanish Consuls." 

At a meeting Dec. 15, 1816, it was " Voted, the following 
members be a Committee, to Request the Right Rev'd 
Bishop Cheverus to address the Society on the anniversary 
of the Holy St. Patrick, 181 7, and that there be a Collection 
made for the Relief of the Poor." The committee was thus 
made up: Shubael Bell, Capt. James Magee, Gen. Simon 
Elliot and Thomas English. The event thus provided for 
was happily carried out and Bishop Cheverus was requested 
" the favour of his giving the Society a copy of the discourse 
he delivered on the 17th day of March, 181 7." 

On March 17, 1822, Rev. William Taylor* preached "in 
the Catholic Church." The collection realized $43, which 
amount was presented the Society to be devoted to its chari- 
table work. The Society met as usual that year and duly cele- 
brated the anniversary. 

In 1825, the Society met at the Exchange Coffee House 
and adopted a vote of thanks to " the Rev. William Taylor, 
Rector of the Catholic Church in Boston, for the sum of 
Thirty Dollars and sixty Cents presented to the Society by 
him, which was collected in the Catholic Church," that day. 

Speaking of the Society's celebration on St. Patrick's Day, 
1832, the U. S. " Catholic Intelligencer," Boston, says under 
date of March 23, that year : " A solemn High Mass was 
sung in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross by the Very Rev. 

* Educated at Trinity College, Dublin; became a Catholic; studied at 
Maynooth, and was ordained to the priesthood in the Cathedral, New 
York; was appointed vicar-general by Bishop Cheverus of Boston. 



4 o 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



Dr. O'Flaherty,* and a very appropriate discourse delivered 
by the Rev. Mr. Healy. The amount of the collection taken 
up on the occasion ($58) was generously handed over by the 
Right Rev. Bishop Fenwick in aid of the funds of the Irish 
Charitable Society, who assembled at the Exchange Coffee 
House to transact their annual business, when the following 
gentlemen were appointed to fill the different offices of the 
Society for the ensuing year: — President, Andrew Dunlap, y 
Esq., U. S. Attorney; Vice president, Mr. John M'Namara; 
Treasurer, Mr. W m Gleeson; Keeper of the Silver Key, Dr. 
S. H. Smith; Secretary, Mr. James Reily. At 5 o'clock the 
Members and Guests sat down to dinner prepared in Mr. 
Davenport's best style — the Hall was elegantly decorated." 

" The Jesuit," Boston, March, 1833, states that on St. Pat- 
rick's day that year, High Mass was celebrated at the Cathe- 
dral in Boston by " Rev. Mr. Tyler " and that " Rev. Mr. 
Drummond " delivered an excellent panegyric in honor of the 
Saint. 

" The Jesuit," just quoted, in its issue of March 22, 1834, 
states that " The Charitable Irish Society celebrated their 
anniversary at the Howard Street House, on Monday, the 
17th inst. The following gentlemen were chosen officers 
for the ensuing year: President, Richard W. Roche; Vice 
president, Dennis W. O'Brien; Treasurer, Rev. P. Byrne; 
Keeper of the Silver Key, Daniel O'Callaghan; Secretary. 
John Mackey. The Society sat down to dinner at four 
o'clock." 

Andrew Jackson, then president of the United States, 
visited Boston in June, 1833, and located at the Tremont 
House. On the 22d of the month, the Charitable Irish So- 
ciety proceeded to that hotel and was cordially received by 

* Thomas J. O'Flaherty, — a native of Kerry, Ireland; became a physi- 
cian; ordained to the Catholic priesthood, in 1829, by Bishop Fenwick, 
of Boston, Mass.; was editor of " The Jesuit," a Boston journal; published 
a translation of Joseph de Maistre's " Spanish Inquisition." 

f Andrew Dunlap was the son of John Dunlap an " Irish merchant of 
Salem," Mass. Andrew was born in 1794, and removed to Boston in 
1820. From 1829 to 1835 he was U. S. District Attorney. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 41 

him. The event took place at 9:30 in the evening. The 
members were collectively and individually introduced to 
President Jackson, by Col. Prescott, and President James 
Boyd * of the Society then delivered an address of respect 
and congratulation, to which President Jackson feelingly re- 
plied. Mr. Boyd in his address to President Jackson said : f 

"Sir: — The Members of the Charitable Irish Society of 
this City, have with much anxiety sought this interview and 
now feel very proud in having an opportunity afforded of 
paying their respects to you personally. Your name, Sir, has 
so long been familiar to them, a subject of the highest admira- 
tion to many, and of kind respect to all, that they thought 
they would be guilty of inhospitality, (a crime which Irishmen 
do not wish to be chargeable with,) did they allow this occa- 
sion to pass without visiting you in a body. This Society, Sir, 
is comprised exclusively of Irishmen and their direct de- 
scendants, a class of citizens in this community, not opulent, 
but I may be allowed to say industrious. We are all, Sir, 
working bees in the hive. We fill the place now, that was 
once occupied by men who have done the State some service 
in times of peril and danger, men who did not withdraw 
themselves from the ranks fighting the battles of Liberty, nor 
ever withhold the most zealous support of the Constitution 
and Laws and Magistrates of this our adopted Country. 

" We hope, Sir, the present generation has not fallen off 
from the standing maintained by their fathers, and that if oc- 
casion required, the motto $ on our Banner would be a prom- 
ise which would be willingly performed at any time. As I 
have already remarked, Irishmen have never been backward 
in giving support to the institutions of this Country, nor in 

* James Boyd was born in Ireland, 1793. He died in Boston, 1855; 
brought up a Presbyterian, he passed away a Unitarian. In 1821, he 
obtained a patent on fire hose, and subsequently became an extensive 
manufacturer of that class of goods. The firm became James Boyd & 
Sons and engaged extensively in the making of fire department supplies. 
They also made military equipments under contract with the national 
government. 

t From the published records of the society. 

X " Fostered under thy wings, we will die in thy defence." 



42 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



showing due respect to the Chief Magistrate thereof, but 
when the highest Office is held by the son of an Irishman, 
we must be allowed to indulge in some feelings of pride as 
well as patriotism. As this is your first visit to the Northern 
portion of the Union, permit us to hope, Sir, that you may 
find much here to please you, that you will return with a 
knowledge that this community is an industrious, a prosper- 
ous and a happy one, and as we hope the welfare of Irishmen 
is a subject not uninteresting to you, we may be allowed to 
say that here we are generally contented. We do our part 
towards the support of all public institutions and receive a full 
share of their benefits. 

" Allow me, Sir, to hope that you may have a safe and 
pleasant journey till you again reach the centre of the Nation, 
and that the remainder of your life may be as long and happy, 
as the past has been brilliant and successful." 

President Jackson replied to the foregoing as follows : " I 
feel much gratified, Sir, at this testimony of respect shown me 
by the Charitable Irish Society of this City. It is with great 
pleasure that I see so many of the Countrymen of my Father 
assembled on this occasion. I have always been proud * of 
my ancestry and of being descended from that noble race, 
and rejoice that I am so nearly allied to a country which has 
so much to recommend it to the good wishes of the world; 
would to God, Sir, that Irishmen on the other side of the 
great water, enjoyed the comforts, happiness, contentment 

* Jackson was a member of the Hibernian Society, of Philadelphia. 
His certificate read: 

" These are to Certify that M. G. Adw. Jackson has been admitted 
a Member of the Hibernian Society, for the relief of Emigrants from Ire- 
land, established in the city of Philadelphia and incorporated agreeably 
to law; and he having paid the sums required by the Rules and Regula- 
tions of the said Society is entitled to Membership during his Life. 

" Witness the hand of the President the twenty-third Day of March, 
1819. 

"J. Tagert, President. 
"Attest: James Rogers, Secretary." 

This certificate was recently, and probably still is, possessed by the 
Ladies' Hermitage Association, Nashville, Tenn. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 43 

and liberty, that they enjoy here. I am well aware, Sir, that 
Irishmen have never been backward in giving their support 
to the cause of liberty. They have fought, Sir, for this Coun- 
try valiantly, and I have no doubt would fight again were it 
necessary, but I hope it will be long before the institutions of 
our Country need support of that kind; accept my best wishes 
for the happiness of you all." 

As the Society was preparing to retire, President Jackson 
took Mr. Boyd's hand and said : " I am somewhat fatigued, 
Sir, as you may notice, but I cannot allow you to part with 
me till I again shake hands with you, which I do for yourself 
and the whole Society. I assure you, Sir, there are few cir- 
cumstances that have given me more heartfelt satisfaction 
than this visit. I shall remember it with pleasure, and I hope 
you, Sir, and all your Society will long enjoy health and 
happiness." 

On St. Patrick's Day, 1835, the Charitable Irish Society 
dined at the Howard Street House, Boston, " where the lib- 
eral host, Mr. Ryan, supplied a profuse dinner, in which were 
comprised all the delicacies and substantials peculiar to Irish 
hospitality." Letters were received from Commodore 
Downes, Hon. Edward Kavanagh,* Rt. Rev. Bishop Fen- 
wick, Hon. Thomas Kinnicutt, Robert Winthrop,f Esq., and 
other prominent gentlemen. 

On St. Patrick's Day, 1837, one hundred years after its 
organization, the Charitable Irish Society observed its cen- 
tennial anniversary, but that is spoken of hereafter in another 
chapter. 

* This was probably Hon. Edward Kavanagh of Maine who was a 
member of Congress, 1831 to 1835; charge, d'affaires in Portugal until 1842, 
and acting-governor of Maine, 1842-43. His father was a native of the 
County Wexford, Ireland, and in 1780 immigrated to Boston. 

t Doubtless, Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, the statesman and orator. 



CHAPTER V. 

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York — The 
Society Instituted on March ij, 1784 — Daniel McCormick the Founder 
of the Organization — Many People of Prominence Members of the Society 
— Fidelity to the Memory of St. Patrick a Leading Trait — Many Note- 
worthy Celebrations Held. 

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City 
of New York dates from 1784. In that year it was insti- 
tuted by Daniel McCormick, a prominent New York mer- 
chant. In a brief review * of the Society published in 1896, 
it is stated of the organization that tradition connects its 
origin with Irish officers of the American Revolutionary 
Army, and that the Society's " first dinner was given on the 
St. Patrick's Day following the evacuation of New York, by 
the British, in 1783." 

" Its charter," the account continues, was granted by the 
Legislature on February 13, 1827. It is a benevolent and 
patriotic society of Irishmen and their descendants of every 
shade of political and religious belief. It was founded to 
assist unfortunate and distressed natives of Ireland in the 
city of New York. Out of it grew the Irish Emigrant 
Society and the Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank. Uniting 
to the charitable and humane the friendly and social feelings, 
it seeks to keep ever vigorous the love of Ireland and of the 
Irish character. It celebrates the festival of Saint Patrick 
as a national and immemorial custom, to commemorate the 
glory of Ireland, to drop a tear upon her sorrows and to 
express a hope for her regeneration. 

V It has entertained the most illustrious and distinguished 

* In an account of the " One Hundred and Twelfth Anniversary Dinner 
of the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick in the City of New York," 1896. 
See also the Manual of the Friendly Sons for 1899. 



kARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



45 



guests at its banquets. Among its members have been repre- 
sentatives of the great merchants, business and professional 
men of the city, and of the bench and bar. To pass over the 
living, on its rolls appear the names of Alexander Macomb, 
Hugh Gaine, William Constable, Dominick Lynch, Thomas 
Addis Emmet, Robert J. Dillon, Joseph Stuart, Richard Bell, 
William Kelly, David J. Graham, Charles O' Conor, James T. 
Brady, John R. Brady, Dr. Robert Hogan, Dr. William Mac- 
neven, Very Rev. Dr. John Power, Thomas W. Clerke, 
Daniel Devlin, Henry L. Hoguet, Eugene Kelly and Richard 
O' Gorman, to mention but a few of the many distinguished 
citizens of New York who are there enrolled." Now in its 
second century of existence, the society " still flourishes and 
serves the traditions of Irish charity and hospitality." 

The first banquet under the auspices of the organization, is 
stated * to have taken place at " Cape's Tavern " March 17, 
1784. The tavern just mentioned was located at what is now 
115 Broadway. Speaking of this banquet, the N. Y. " Packet 
and Advertiser " of March 18, 1784, says: " Yesterday, being 
the anniversary of St. Patrick, his patriotic sons met at Cape's 
Tavern, where they gave an elegant entertainment to his 
Excellency the Governor, Lieut.-Governor, Chancellor and a 
number of other respectable gentlemen of this State. The 
day and evening were spent in festivity and mirth, and a num- 
ber of suitable toasts were drank upon this joyful occasion. 
The greatest unanimity and conviviality pervaded this numer- 
ous and jovial company, and perhaps this great Saint was 
never honoured with a concourse of more generous and truly 
patriotic sons than this assembly afforded." 

In 1785, the Friendly Sons observed St. Patrick's Day by 
dining at " The Coffee House," conducted by Mr. Bradford, 
in Water street, near Wall street. They dined there again 
in 1786, the N. Y. " Daily Advertiser " stating that " Yester- 
day the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, in the 
State of New York, held their anniversary meeting at the 
Coffee-House, where an elegant dinner was provided by Mr. 

* See Manual of the Society, 1899, pp. 5, 6, 49. 



4 6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

Bradford — The company were numerous and respectable; 
and the day spent with that decorum and hilarity, so truly 
characteristic of this friendly society." 

Speaking of this observance, the " Independent Journal," 
March 18, and the N. Y. " Packet," March 20, 1786, inform 
their readers that " The anniversary of Saint Patrick, patron 
of the Irish nation, was on Friday celebrated with great festiv- 
ity by our worthy friends of that kingdom : A very elegant 
entertainment was provided at Mr. Bradford's Coffee-House, 
at which were present His Excellency the Governor, the 
Lieutenant Governor, the Chancellor, Chief Justice, Judge 
Hobart, the Mayor, Recorder, and many other persons of 
distinction. — The day and evening passed with that convivial 
spirit which ever distinguished the true Milesian." 

In 1788, the Friendly Sons, it is stated,* dined at the Mer- 
chants' Coffee House, at the Southeast corner of Wall and 
Water streets. The N. Y. " Journal & Patriotic Register," 
March 18, that year notes two celebrations, the first of which 
is believed to refer to the Friendly Sons. The " Register's " 
mention thus reads: 



St. Patrick. 



Yesterday, being the anniversary of the Tutelar Saint of 
Ireland, a number of gentlemen of that nation, assembled at 
the Merchants' Coffee-House, in this city, where they par- 
took of an elegant entertainment, drank a number of toasts, 
and " liberally good cheer did bestow." 

A company also met at Corre's. 



The N. Y. " Packet," speaking of the observance in 1788, 
states that a large company assembled " at the Coffee house " 
but does not mention " Merchants'." The reference appears 
in the " Packet," of March 18, that year, and states that 
' Yesterday being the anniversary of St. Patrick, the Tutelar 
Saint of Ireland, a large company of gentlemen, natives of 

* Manual of the Friendly Sons, 1899. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 47 

that country, assembled at the Coffee-House ; where a genteel 
entertainment was provided, and which was well conducted. 
True festive mirth and hilarity were displayed at this con- 
vivial board." 

Then, for a number of years, — 1789 to 1794 — the Friendly 
Sons dined on each St. Patrick's Day at the City Tavern. 
The N. Y. " Daily Gazette," March 18, 1789, observes that 
" Yesterday, being the Anniversary of St. Patrick, the tutelar 
Saint of Ireland, was observed with the usual festivity and 
good-humour at the City-Tavern.* Many of those present 
doubtless experienced those sensations, which piety towards 
their former country must have excited; but all must have 
acknowledged the liberality of that land, which is willing to 
receive, and to convert into free Americans the worthy na- 
tives of every region. Their regard to their former country, 
by evincing their sensibility, affords a proof of attachment to 
the State of New York, who, in being a benefactress, lays 
claim, and is entitled, to their respect and veneration." 

The " Gazette " then gives the following explanation of the 
shamrock as an Irish emblem : 

" Why the Shamrock is worn in honour of St. Patrick's 
memory is a circumstance not generally known by the people 
of this country, and perhaps, indeed, by but a very few. When 
instructing one of the Princes of Ireland and his family in the 
principles of the Christian Faith, the doctrine of the Trinity 
seemed so incomprehensible to the Irish Chief, that he was 
going to give up all further thoughts of becoming a convert 
— when our patron Saint, plucking a Shamrock, demon- 
strated to him, from three leaves proceeding from one stalk 
or stem, that the Three Persons in the Godhead were the 
emanations, and proceeding from one grand fountain or 
principle; upon which he immediately ordered himself and 
family to be baptized." 

The N. Y. "Daily Advertiser," March 18, 1791, says: 
" Yesterday, being the 17th of March, the Festival of St. Pat- 

* This event is believed to have been, under the auspices of the 
Friendly Sons. 



4 8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

rick was celebrated in this city, by a numerous assemblage of 
the true and respectable sons of that honest patron of Hiber- 
nia's Isle. The utmost harmony, decent mirth, social glee, 
and jovial good humour were as usual observed on this oc- 
casion; and the company broke up in clue season, after enjoy- 
ing with great and general satisfaction . 

" The friendly bowl, 

The feast of reason, and the flow of soul." 
The N. Y. "Journal & Patriotic Register," March 18, 1796, 
informs its readers that " The general Festival of St. Patrick 
was celebrated yesterday, by the Sons of Hibernia in this city, 
with the usual hilarity & social glee. We have not been 
favored with the toasts which were drank on the occasion." 
In the "Daily Advertiser," March 16, 1798, this notice 
appears : 

St. Patrick's Society. 

The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick will please to take notice, that their Anniversary 
Dinner will be held at the Tontine Coffee House on Satur- 
day 17th inst. 

Dinner on the table at 4 o'clock. 

Robert R. Waddell. 



In the " Daily Advertiser," March 16, 1799, appears this 
notice: 



St. Patrick's Society. 



The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick will please to take notice that their Anniversary 
Dinner will be held at the Tontine Coffee House on Monday 
the 1 8th of March, at 4 o'clock. 

Robert R. Waddell, Sec'ry. 



From 1795 to 1803, the Friendly Sons observed the Anni- 
versary by a dinner each year at the Tontine Coffee House, 
northwest corner of Wall and Water streets. On St. Pat- 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 49 

rick's Day, 1804, the Sons dined at " the Old Coffee House," 
Water street near Wall, while in 1805, tne Y feasted at the 
" Tontine Coffee House." In 1806, they also dined at the 
Tontine, while in 1807, they held their anniversary dinner at 
the Phoenix Coffee House, Wall street. In 1808, they 
changed to Mechanics' Hall, northwest corner of Broadway 
and Park Place. In 1809, and from then to 181 5, inclusive, 
the anniversary dinners of the Friendly Sons took place at 
the Tontine again. 

In 1 810, Secretary Waddell said that " The members of 
the Society of the friendly sons of St. Patrick, will please to 
take notice, that their Anniversary Dinner will be held at 
the Tontine Coffee House, on Saturday the 17th inst. Din- 
ner on the table at 4 o'clock." 

Among the guests of the Society at this dinner in 181 o was 
Francis James Jackson, whose presence seems to have evoked 
considerable adverse criticism. Mr. Jackson was minister 
from England in 1809, but was recalled at the request of the 
U. S. government, his successor arriving here Aug. 31, 18 10. 
Jackson having been identified with the bombardment of 
Copenhagen was alluded to by his American opponents as 
" Copenhagen " Jackson. The N. Y. " Columbian," March 
17, 18 10, calls attention to the fact that he is to be a guest of 
the Society and works itself up into quite a display of im- 
potent wrath. Thus it declares : 

" News — and no news ! Mr. Copenhagen Jackson dines 
with the loyal society of St. Patrick at the Tontine to-day, 
after all. It must be expressly understood that the Hibernian 
Provident Society have not disgraced themselves, and insulted 
the country of their choice, by admitting a single thought 
of licking the feet of this disgraced minister. Let the odium 
rest where it belongs. Irish royalists! Orangemen! Excel- 
lent citizens of the United States, and supporters of a repub- 
lican government." 

Some unknown gentleman hiding himself under the nom- 
de-plume of "A Paddy And No More," also became violently 
afflicted and dashed off a vitriolic article which he published 
4 



5° 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



in " The Columbian," of March 20, 1810. In this article he 
draws heavily upon the English language's supply of strong 
expressions. He very plainly is of opinion that there is but 
one side to the question and that he is in possession of that 
side. Those who desire to read his production in detail will 
find it in " The Columbian " of the date mentioned. 

Either this same gentleman or another favors " The Public 
Advertiser " of the same date with another communication 
on the subject. The writer becomes facetious, alludes to the 
organization as the " Harp and Crown Society " and indulges 
in other supposedly humorous remarks. In his communica- 
tion to the " Advertiser " he says : " It appears that at the 
dinner given by the Harp and Crown society, in honor of Mr. 
Jackson, the festivity was interrupted by a lack of wine ! The 
quantum alloted to each having been expended by a succes- 
sion of loyal and royal toasts. Some of the genteel men not 
being satisfied with this, repaired to the Union Hotel, where 
the sons of Erin had assembled in honor of their Saint, and 
notwithstanding the insult which the Jacksonites had just 
been offering to their country, their situation was commiser- 
ated and they were treated with that hospitality which char- 
acterizes the Irish Nation." 

A third communication on the subject also saw the light. 
" The Columbian," March 22, 1810, was the medium, the 
communication being headed " St. Patrick and Mr. Cheet- 
ham." Fame has not handed down the author's name. 
Among other things, he remarks : " We have some difficulty 
in believing a report we have heard, that the committee who 
invited Copenhagen Jackson to a dinner at the Tontine 
coffee house, on the 17th inst., had also requested the pres- 
ence of Mr. Cheetham. * * * We maintain that Mr. 
Cheetham is as great as Mr. Jackson, and as much entitled 
to the compliments and respect of every mean retainer of his 
Britannic majesty. If Mr. Jackson is insolent, so is Mr. 
Cheetham; and who can venture to decide between them? " 
The unknown further continues by speaking of the " society 
misnaming itself of St. Patrick, but to which we offer gratis 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 5 1 

this more appropriate appellation of West Britainers." At 
last there came a time when these fervid communications 
seem to have ended. 

" The Evening Post" (N. Y.), March 16, 1812, announces 
that " The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick will 
celebrate their Anniversary at the Washington Hotel, Broad- 
street. Dinner 4 o'clock." 

The " Post," Feb. 27, 1813, states that " The Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick are requested to meet at the Tontine Coffee 
House, on Monday next, 1st March at 12 o'clock to elect 
officers and transact other business." In the same paper, 
March 13, 181 3, appears the following: 



The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 

The members are informed that their Anniversary Dinner 
will be on Wednesday the 17th inst. at the Tontine Coffee 
House. Dinner at 4 o'clock. 

N. M'Vicker, Secretary. 

In " The Evening Post," of March 3, 1815, this is pub- 
lished : 

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 

The Members will please to take notice that the Annual 
Meeting of the Society will be held at the Tontine Coffee 
House, on Monday the 6th March, at 12 o'clock.* 

N. M'Vickar, Sec'ry. 



A notice in the N. Y. " Gazette," March 1, 1816, states that 
" The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, are re- 
quested to attend the Annual Meeting, on Monday the 4th 
March, at the Tontine Coffee House at 12 o'clock." 

The Society dined, on St. Patrick's Day, that year, at 
Washington Hall, now 280 Broadway. In 181 7 the annual 

* On some occasions this name is spelled McVicker and again, 
McVickor. 



52 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



meeting was held March 3, " at the Tontine Coffee House " 
and the anniversary dinner , March 17, at the same place, the 
notice being signed by " J. Montgomery, sec'ry." 

In 1819, as stated in " The Columbian," March 19: " The 
Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick had their Anni- 
versary Dinner on Wednesday, at the Bank Coffee House, 
which was furnished in Mr. Niblo's most splendid style, to a 
very numerous company; and to which were invited his 
honor the Mayor, the principal officers of the army and navy 
in this port, Commodores Chauncey, and Perry, &c. — 
Mer. Adv." 

In " The Columbian," March 4, 1820, appeared this notice: 



The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick 

Are to meet at the Bank Coffee House, on Monday Even- 
ing, the 6th inst., at 7 o'clock, to choose officers for the en- 
suing year, and transact other business. Punctual attendance 
of all resident members is particularly requested. 

J. Montgomery, Sec'y. 



In 1820, the Anniversary dinner again took place at the 
Bank Coffee House, southeast corner of Pine and William 
streets. On March 3, 1821, "The Columbian" says that 
" The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick are to meet at the Bank 
Coffee-House on Monday Evening, the 5th inst. at 7 o'clock, 
to choose Officers for the ensuing year, and transact other 
business," and in " The Advertiser," March 17, 1821, we find 
the following : 



Notice. 

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick will dine 
this day at the Bank Coffee-House, at 4 o'clock precisely. 

Harris Blood, 

Secretary. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



53 



In 1822 and 1823, Secretary Blood issued a similar notice 
for the anniversary dinner, the latter taking place at the Bank 
Coffee House in each case. 

The dinner in 1824, was thus announced in " The Gazette," 
of March 16: 

Festival of St. Patrick. 

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick will hold 
their Anniversary Meeting at the Bank Coffee-House, on 
Wednesday next, 17th inst. Dinner on the table at 4 o'clock 
precisely. The members will please to apply for Tickets to 
the following Stewards: 

David Andrews John Caldwell 

John Nicholson John Charters 

The Members of the Society are requested to attend an 
Adjourned Meeting on Tuesday Evening, the 16th inst. at 
7 o'clock, at the Bank Coffee-House. 

Harris Blood, Secretary. 



In " The Gazette," March 5, 1825, the quarterly meeting 
of the Society is thus announced : 



Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 

The quarterly meeting of this Society will be held on Mon- 
day evening next, the 7th inst. at the Bank Coffee House, at 
7 o'clock precisely. Punctual attendance is requested, as the 
election for Officers for the ensuing year, and other business 
of importance, will be brought before the meeting. By 
order : 

Harris Blood, Secretary. 



The Gazette " has the following notice in March, 1825 



Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 

St. Patrick's Day 

Will be celebrated on Thursday, 17th inst. at the Bank 
Coffee House. The members will please apply for Dinner 
Tickets to either of the Stewards : Mess. Kernochan, Cald- 
well, Laverty, Moorehead, or Kyle. 



54 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



In March, 1826, the following appeared in the " Commer- 
cial Advertiser " (N. Y.) : 



St. Patrick's Day. 

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, will dine 
at the Bank Coffee House the 17th inst. Dinner on the table 
at half past 4 o'clock. 

Members will please apply for tickets to either 

David Andrews 
Joseph Kernochan 
Wm. Kyle 
Andrew Gray 
John Charters 

Stewards. 



In the " Commercial Advertiser " (N. Y.), March 16, and 
the "New York Advertiser," March 17, 1827, is the fol- 
lowing : 



St. Patrick's Day. — The Society of the " Friendly Sons of 
St. Patrick " will dine at the Bank Coffee House on the 17th 
inst. — Dinner on the table at half past four o'clock. — Mem- 
bers will please apply for their Tickets to either 

Thos. Suffern ^ f 

M. Muldon ! ' 

Wm. Kyle V Stewards. 

David Andrews 

S. M. Charters J 



CHAPTER VI. 

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York (Continued) 
— A Notable Celebration on March 17, 1828 — The Decorations described 
in Detail — Commodore Chauncey among the Guests at the Celebration 
in 1829 — Deputation received from the Association for Civil and Religious 
Liberty — A Toast to the Venerable Daniel McCormick. 

On Friday, Feb. 29, 1828, Joseph Alexander, then secre- 
tary of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, an- 
nounced through the " Evening Post " that " The annual 
meeting for the election of officers of the Society for the en- 
suing year will be held at the Bank Coffee House on Monday 
evening next at 7 o'clock." 

On March 15, that year, he announced that " The Society 
of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick will celebrate their Anni- 
versary on Monday, the 17th of March instant, at the Bank 
Coffee House. Dinner at 4 o'clock." 

The celebration took place as planned, the " Evening 
Post," March 18, 1828, containing this report concerning 
the same, viz. : 

" St. Patrick's Society. — Yesterday the St. Patrick's So- 
ciety celebrated the anniversary of their titular saint at the 
Bank Coffee House. The long room, in which the society 
dined, was tastefully decorated with transparencies and other 
designs, emblematic of the occasion, prepared by Mr. Child, 
and executed by Messrs. Snook and Young, and put up un- 
der their direction. At the head of the room, in the centre, 
was a transparency, representing St. Patrick in Bishop's cos- 
tume. On each side were arranged the flags of Ireland and 
of the United States, with the banners of St. George and of 
St. Andrew, interspersed by sundry insignia from Brian Bo- 
roihme. At the other end of the room was erected an arch 
supported by a column at each extremity. 



5 6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

" This arch and the columns were decorated with various 
flags. A broad ribband passed in a spiral manner around the 
columns and arch, bearing on the parts seen, the following 
names : — Sterne, Swift, Burke, Sheridan, Montgomery, Grat- 
tan, Moore, Curran, Parnell, Farquhar. Over these were 
suspended two banners in mourning, bearing the name of 
Clinton on the right, and that of Emmet on the left; the 
whole surmounted by an eagle, with extended wings, uniting 
and protecting the Irish harp and the shield of the United 
States. In his claws were the olive branch and a bunch of 
arrows, and in his mouth a garland of shamrock. The ceil- 
ing and sides of the room were tastefully hung with festoons 
of green, blue, red, and white bunting. Over the head of 
St. Patrick, on a green ground, was inscribed Erin go Bragh. 
The dinner table was handsomely arranged in Mr. Niblo's 
very best style, and was loaded with good substantial roast 
beef, &c, and every delicacy that the season affords. The 
society sat down to dine about 5 o'clock, and in the course of 
the evening a number of excellent toasts, regular and volun- 
teers, were given from the chair, interspersed with patriotic 
songs." 

On March 19, 1828, the " Evening Post " continues its 
report and says : 



St. Patrick's Society 

We had not time yesterday to give the toasts drank at the 
St. Patrick Society Anniversary. About 70 gentlemen sat 
down to a most sumptuous dinner. Among the respected 
guests were Thomas Dixon and Robt. Halliday, Esqrs., 
Presidents of St. George and St. Andrew's Societies, James 
Buchanan, Esq., British Consul, the highly talented Mr. 
Gait, the Scottish novelist, Rev. Mr. Levins, and N. Deve- 
reux, Esq., President of the Utica Hibernian Society. 

John Chambers, Esq. President. 

Joseph Kernochan, 1st Vice President. 

Joseph Caldwell, 2d Vice President. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY .57 

Joseph Alexander, Secretary. 

J. B. Montgomery, Treasurer. 

Thomas Cleary, ~] 

R. A. Fitzgerald, I Acting Stewards . 

Jas. Buchanan, jr., 

Charles Ingham, J 

John Wilson, David Andrews, Wm. James, Michael Mul- 
den, Thos. Suffern, and John W. Wright, Committee of 
Charity. 

Toasts From The Chair. 

1 — The Day. 

2 — The memory of the Saint who planted the Shamrock, 
Who instructed your forefathers how to improve 
Each feeling connected with friendship and love. 

3 — The President of the United States. 

4 — The King of Great Britain and Ireland. 

5 — The memory of the illustrious DeWitt Clinton — Nearly 
forty years a member of our Society. 

" Molaidisa hoibreachac " 

The 2d Vice President being called upon for a translation 
of these words, gave in pure English, 

His works speak his fame, 

And poetically 

From Tara's Halls far fam'd in story, 

Where Erin's bards sung Erin's glory, 

To Hudson's banks and Erie's shore, 

Where cataracts unceasing roar, 

The deeds he wrought, the works he plann'd, 

The love he bore his native land 

Shall through the world extend his fame, 

And ever honor Clinton's name. 

6 — The Societies of the Rose, the Thistle and the Sham- 
rock — May a brotherhood of feeling, of object and regard, 
ever unite them. 



5 8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

7 — The memory of Thomas Addis Emmet — A brilliant 
star which, rising in the East, and setting in the Western 
Hemisphere, assisted by its brightness in dispelling the mists 
of prejudice, that had too generally prevailed against the 
Irish character. 

8 — Education — may its blessings untrammelled be ex- 
tended through our Native Land, and the enthusiasm of the 
best hearts in the world be tempered by the light of science. 

g — The Land we left and the Land we live in, each con- 
secrated to our feelings and dear to our hearts. 

io — Literary Institutions — May our present and future 
statesmen emulate the example of our late lamented Gov- 
ernor, by promoting and fostering them. 

1 1 — Greece — Her cause is the cause of religion, of freedom 
and of humanity. May her supplicating hands not be ex- 
tended to us in vain. 

12 — Our absent members — If from necessity — we sym- 
pathize; if from choice — we wish them reformation. 

13 — The Fair of our Native and Adopted Country — 
Their smiles and their blessings ever impart 
Delight to the mind and peace to the heart. 

Volunteers 

By the President. Our respectable guests — and may they 
long continue to enjoy the pleasures of convivial society. 

Mr. Dixon and Mr. Halliday respectively returned thanks. 

By the 1st Vice President. Our distinguished fellow citi- 
zen, General Andrew Jackson. (President's March.) 

By the 2d Vice President. The Canada Land Company, 
and its able and talented representative, Mr. Gait, our wel- 
come guest. 

Mr. Gait returned thanks in very appropriate and hand- 
some terms. (Song.) 

By Mr. Dixon. This Society and its objects — the kind 
motives and brotherly feelings in which it originated, and by 
which it continues to be cherished. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



59 



By Mr. Halliday. The Harp of Erin — By the magic hand 
of Moore it thrills through every heart. (Song.) 

By Mr. Ingham. Francis Johnston, President of the Royal 
Hibernian Academy, whose unparalleled liberality, in giving 
a splendid public building to his brother artists, shows a 
beautiful specimen of Irish generosity, influenced by classic 
taste. 

By Mr. Fitzgerald. Daniel McCormick, Esq., formerly 
President of this Society for thirty years — He has now retired 
from a station long filled with honor, venerated by all who 
knew him. (Song.) 

By the Rev. Mr. Levins. The heart-pulse of Religion — 
the golden link in the chain binding the " Friendly Sons of 
St. Patrick " — Charity. (Song.) 

By Mr. Cleary. Irish feeling — Irish friendship — Irish 
hospitality — May they, when transplanted to a foreign soil, 
preserve unimpaired that bloom and vigor so characteristic 
of their native growth. 

You may break, you may shatter the vase, if you will, 
But the scent of the roses will hang round it still. 

(Song.) 

By Dr. Cummings. Ireland as she ought to be, not as she 
is — May no amalgamation of parties impede her march to 
civil, political, and religious liberty. (Song.) 

By Mr. Sandford. The emblem over our festive board 
— the Eagle of Columbia hovering over the Harp of Erin — 
Her broad wings sweep its strings, and its notes are harmony 
and amity. 

Its songs were made for the pure and free — 
They shall never sound in slavery. (Song.) 

By the Secretary. Ireland and the United States of 
America — While we cherish, with the holiest emotions, a 
fond recollection of our native isle, we respect and venerate 
the institutions of the country of our adoption. (Song.) 

By Mr. Mulden. Education, the light of the mind — May 
it soon be the light of the world. 

By Mr. Andrews. The London Hibernian Society — They 



60 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

have given us a noble example, which we shall ever endeavor 
to follow. 

By Dr. Hogan. Erin go Bragh ! — May the memory of her 
ancient renown thrill through the souls of her children, and 
impel them to renewed exertions for the redress of their 
country's wrongs. (Song.) 

By Mr. Dixon. The memory of George Canning, the 
champion of civil and religious liberty. 

By Mr. Devereux. The memory of Gen. Washington, 
the father of our adopted country. 

By Mr. M. Cochran. Andrew Jackson the son of an Irish- 
man — He is a brilliant luminary in the constellation of his 
country, and the sons of his father's land hail him with 
triumph. (Three times three — enthusiastic applause.) 

By Mr. Wm. Kyle. The Hon. John Randolph, of Roanoke 
— The man who has declared before the American people, 
that he had never seen an Irish tory, or any man that had 
seen one. (Song.) 

By Mr. Fitzgerald. The Marquis and Marchioness of 
Wellesley — May this splendid union of Irish and American 
produce a closer tie of affection between the two countries. 

By Mr. John Caldwell. The memory of John Oliver, 
whose munificent bequest is an eternal lesson to his country- 
men, not to confound the abstract doctrines of theology or 
politics with the extension of charity and benevolence. 

" There were numerous toasts, imbued with that native wit 
and taste so general among the sons of Erin. The company 
separated about 12 o'clock." 



Secretary Alexander had the following in the " Evening 
Post," of March 2, 1829: 



Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. — A regular 
Quarterly Meeting of the Society will be held this Evening 
at the Bank Coffee House, at 7 o'clock, on which occasion 
the annual election of officers of the Society for the ensuing 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 6 1 

year will take place. Members are requested to be prompt 
in their attendance. By order 

Joseph Alexander, 

Secretary. 



The Anniversary dinner March 17, 1829, was on a fine 
scale, the " Evening Post," March 19, saying of it: 



St. Patrick's Society. — On the 17th inst. a numerous com- 
pany sat down to dinner at the Bank Coffee House, where 
Mr. Doran had prepared a sumptuous repast — among the 
respected guests were the Rev. Mr. Levins, Thomas Dixon 
and John Graham, Esqrs., Presidents of the St. George's and 
St. Andrew's, James Buchanan, Esq., British Consul, Com- 
modore Chauncey, Col. Wilson, of the Colombian Army, 
the gallant son of the patriotic Sir Robert Wilson. 

John Chambers, Esq., President. 

Joseph Kernochan, 1st Vice President. 

John Caldwell, 2d Vice President. 

Thomas Cleary, Secretary. 

J. B. Montgomery, Treasurer. 

Toasts From The Chair 

1. The Day. 

2 . The memory of our patron Saint — And may the virtues 
of his children be ever an honor to his name. 

3. The land we left, and the land we live in — May a senti- 
ment of mutual respect and affection ever unite them. 

4. The President of the United States. 

5. The King of Great Britain and Ireland. 

6. May a communion of rights and an oblivion of the past 
restore peace and harmony to the land of our fathers. 

7. The societies of St. George, St. Andrew, the German, 
and St. Patrick — May a brotherhood of objects and of respect 
ever unite them. 

8. The youth of Ireland — Their country's hope. 



62 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

9. May the restoration of liberty to Greece be the revival 
of her ancient glory in arts and science. 

10. The memory of John Oliver — And may the example 
of his distinguished benevolence be a permanent incitement 
to his countrymen. 

11. The Friends of Civil and Religious Liberty all over the 
world. 

12. The Societies throughout the United States who meet 
this day to commemorate the virtues of our patron Saint. 

13. The Fair — Our solace in the hour of affliction, and the 
partners of our purest joys. 

There were numerous Volunteer Toasts, among which we 
recollect the following: 

By the President — Our respected guests, and may they 
long enjoy the delights of social intercourse. 

By the 2d Vice President — The memory of our lamented 
friend and member, Michael Mulden. 

By the Secretary — The fair daughters of Erin 
Whenever the vices the virtues assail, 
May the conflict be short and the virtues prevail. 

By the Treasurer — May honest distress never knock in 
vain at the door of our treasury. 

By Thomas Dixon, Esq., President of St. George's — The 
memory of the Rt. Hon. George Canning, the firm friend and 
advocate of civil and religious liberty. 

By John Graham, Esq., President of St. Andrew's — Ire- 
land as she ought to be; with equal rights, religious, civil 
and political. 

By Mr. Charters — 

Hospitality to the stranger, 
Forgiveness to our enemies, 
But to our tried friend 

Cead Mile Failte. 

By Mr. Andrews — The people of Ireland, may their suffer- 
ings never sleep until they stand on the same ground which 
we do — Equal rights and equal privileges. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 63 

By Dr. Cuming * — May the example of the Marquis of 
Anglesea, Charles Brownlow, and Mr. Dawson, of Derry, 
converts to liberality, be followed by all the Brunswickers of 
England and Ireland. 

By Mr. Cassedy — May sectarian distinctions be laid on the 
altar of civil and religious liberty, and consumed by the fire 
of brotherly love. 

By Mr. Carter — The patriots of Ireland wherever dis- 
persed, may her sons never rest satisfied until they fulfil the 
obligation of their fathers by procuring an adequate and just 
representation of all the people of Ireland. 

The Chair was addressed by each of the guests in the most 
appropriate manner, accompained by suitable toasts. To the 
address, however, of the Rev. Mr. Levins we despair of doing 
that justice which its brilliancy merits — he concluded it by 
giving as a toast — 

The master spirit binding man to man and earth to 
heaven — the spirit of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick — 
Charity. 

In the course of the evening, deputations were received 
from and sent to the " Association for Civil and Religious 
Liberty " (Wm. Jas. Macneven, M.D., President) then cele- 
brating the anniversary of their formation at Tammany Hall. 

* This is probably the name that elsewhere appears as Dr. Cummings. 



CHAPTER VII. 

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York (Continued) 
— They Celebrate the Anniversary in 1830 at the Bank Coffee House — 
Twenty Trout among the Viands specially provided for the Occasion — 
Interesting Description of the Anniversary Exercises in 1831 — A Tribute 
to Famous Irish Clans. 

In 1830, the Friendly Sons held another great celebration 
in honor of St. Patrick. Here is a copy of the notice, there- 
for, as it appeared in the N. Y. " Evening Post," March 16, 
that year : 

St. Patrick's Day. 

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, will cele- 
brate the National Anniversary, on the 17th inst. at the Bank 
Coffee House, Pine st. Dinner to be on the table at half 
past 4 o'clock. Tickets, four dollars each. 

The members will please apply for tickets to any of the 
following gentlemen 

John Chambers, President. 
John Caldwell, 1st Vice-Pres. 
Alexr. Charters, 2d do. 

Jos. Kernockan,* | 

William Kyle, 

Harris Blood, > Stewards. 

Dr. Trenor, 

Jacob Harvey, J 



Supplementary to the foregoing notice, the " Post " states 
of this observance in 1830: 

* Correctly, Kernochan. In these extracts from old New York papers, 
our rule has been to reproduce the same, verbatim. In a few cases, 
however, the printers or proofreaders on the said papers allowed errors 
of spelling and punctuation to creep in. In the hurry of publication, this 
is not to be wondered at. Where such errors are glaring we have exer- 
cised the prerogative of an editor and corrected the same. 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 65 

" St. Patrick's Day. — The anniversary of the patron Saint 
of Ireland will be celebrated this day, by a dinner at the Bank 
Coffee House, got up in the usual sumptuous style of that 
establishment. Among the delicacies of the season, with 
which the tables will be loaded, Mr. Doran has procured 
twenty trout, from Fire Place, L. I., weighing upwards of 
two pounds each. The room is tastefully decorated with 
evergreens, banners, and appropriate mottos. Among the 
number in large letters, in a circle over the middle of the 
table, are " Sweet Home " — " The Land we live in." A ball 
also to be given in the evening, in honor of the occasion, at 
the Bowery Theatre." 

In its issue of March 18, 1830, the " Post " gives this de- 
tailed report of the occasion: 



" St. Patrick's Day.— The anniversary celebration of the 
birth-day of the patron saint of Ireland was celebrated yester- 
day, at the Bank Coffee House, by the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, with unusual festivity. At five o'clock, about eighty 
gentlemen, consisting of members of the association and in- 
vited guests, sat down to a table loaded with the choicest and 
rarest delicacies of the season, and arranged and decorated 
in the most tasteful style. The room was also adorned with 
appropriate ornaments, among which was a full length like- 
ness, in transparency, of the titular saint, in honor of whom 
the festival was given. In the midst of the wreaths and fes- 
toons with which the walls were hung, the names of many 
of the illustrious worthies of Great Britain and America were 
inscribed, and most prominent among these were Washing- 
ton, Jackson, Canning, Wellington, O'Connell and Shiel. 
Among the persons present by invitation, were His Honor 
the Mayor, the President of St. George's Society, the Presi- 
dent of St. Andrew's, Mr. Buchanan, the British Consul, and 
the Rev. Mr. Levins, who each addressed the meeting in a 
few pertinent and complimentary remarks. John Chambers, 
Esq., President of the Society, presided on the occasion, as- 

5 



66 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

sisted by John Caldwell and Alexander Charters, Esqrs., ist 
and 2d Vice Presidents." 

The following were the regular toasts : 

i. The Day we celebrate — May it always strengthen our 
love of country. " St. Patrick's Day." 

2. Saint Patrick — Emulation of his virtues is the best 
test of respect to his memory. " Garryowen." 

3. The land we left and the land we live in — May a senti- 
ment of mutual respect and affection ever unite them. 
" Erin go Bragh." 

4. The President of the United States. " President's 
March." 

5. The King of Great Britain and Ireland. " God save 
the King." 

6. May a community of rights and an oblivion of the past 
restore peace and harmony to the land of our fathers. 
" Cushlamacree." 

7. Our sister societies — May a unity of feeling and of 
object perpetuate their esteem for each other. " Thro' 
Erin's Isle." 

8. The memory of DeWitt Clinton. " Roslin Castle." 

9. The memory of Thomas A. Emmet. " Oh ! breathe 
not his name." 

10. America, united in peace and fearless in war. " Hail 
Columbia." 

11. May our social intercourse be ever intermixed with 
sentiments of benevolence and brotherly love. " Sprig of 
Shillalah." 

12. The friends of civil and religious liberty, and the vener- 
able Bishop of Norwich. " Hail Liberty ! " 

13. The Fair — our solace in misfortune, and the partners 
of our purest joys. " Dear little creatures, we cannot do 
without you." 

The following are a few of the volunteer toasts : 
By the ist Vice President. — Daniel McCormick, our late 
venerable President and founder of this Society — may his 
latter days be attended with that peace and those blessings 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 67 

which it has ever been his aim to diffuse among all classes of 
his countrymen. 

By Mr. William Kyle. — Our native Shamrock, the long 
drooping and neglected companion of the Rose and the 
Thistle — May its reviving vigor soon prove it as equal to 
either, as its triple leaves are equal to each other. 

By Mr. Fitz Gerald. — Andrew Jackson — The man whose 
sound sense has called from the organ of the British Govern- 
ment, the highest eulogium ever paid to an American Presi- 
dent. 

By His Honor the Mayor. — The gallant Sons of Green 
Erin — Their prompt, dauntless, and faithful services in the 
war of Independence have immortalized their names in the 
annals of our country. 

By Mr. J. Wilson. — Washington, Wellington and Jackson 
— Striking examples that such great minds are not confined 
to military talents alone. 

By the President of St. George's. — The Earl of Mount- 
cashel and Church reform in Ireland. 

By the President of St. Andrew's. — The memory of the 
Right Hon. Edmund Burke. 

By the Rev. C. Levins. — The land of our fathers — Its al- 
tars are free; may its homes soon be happy! 

By the 1st Vice-President. — Doctor Doyle, Bishop of Kil- 
dare — The enlightened scholar, and the eloquent preacher of 
peace and good will to the Catholic and Protestant. 

By the 2d Vice-President. — May we ever hail this day de- 
voted to friendly intercourse, early recollections and benevo- 
lent purposes. 

By Mr. E. Sparhawk. — The Shamrock and Shillelah — 
Both emblems of Erin. With the one we crown our mirth ; 
with the other we drub our enemies. 

By Mr. Grinnel. — Memory of Gen. Hamilton. 

The " Post " then adds : " The above are but few of the vol- 
unteer toasts drank on the occasion, but all that our limits 
will permit us to insert. The company was regaled, at 
proper intervals, with excellent music, and in the course of 



68 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

the evening a great number of songs, some of them written 
for the occasion, were sung, and a great number of witty 
anecdotes and stories related." 



We find a card, March i, 1 831, in which the Friendly Sons 
are notified " that the election night for new officers will take 
place on Thursday the 3d inst. at the Bank Coffee House, 
at 7 o'clock." The notice appears in the " Evening Post " 
and is signed by " R. A. Fitz Gerald, secretary." He re- 
quests a " punctual attendance." The same paper an- 
nounces on March 16, 1831 : " St. Patrick's Day. — The Asso- 
ciation of the Friends of Ireland and of the Friends of Liberty 
of all nations, have made arrangements for dining at St. 
John's Hall to-morrow, which is the anniversary of the patron 
saint of Ireland. The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick dine at 
the Bank Coffee House." In the same issue of the " Post," 
appears the following : 



St. Patrick's Day. 

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick will cele- 
brate the national anniversary by a dinner, at the Bank 
Coffee House, on the 17th inst. Dinner to be on the table 
at half past 4 o'clock. Gentlemen will please apply for tickets 
to any of the following officers of the Society : 

John Chambers, President. 
John Caldwell, 1st Vice Pres. 
Wheaton Bradish, 2d Vice Pres. 
Thomas Suffern, 
Harris Blood, 

William James, Jr., y Stewards. 

Alex'r Charters, 
Jacob Harvey, J 

Dudley Persse, Secretary. 



The celebration was all that could be desired. The "Even- 
ing Post," March 18, 1831, quoting from the "Mercantile 
Advertiser," gives this report of the proceedings: 

" St. Patrick's Society — Yesterday was the anniversary of 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 69 

Ireland's tutelar Saint. The Society of St. Patrick was insti- 
tuted in 1784, the first and leading object of which was, and is, 
to administer charity to the poor and worthy. This Society, 
from the time of its first President, D. M'Cormick, Esq., 
has regularly celebrated its anniversary, and among its mem- 
bers has ranked the names of the brightest and best of Irish- 
men and their descendants who have made this country their 
home. The late lamented DeWitt Clinton was a member 
for upwards of thirty years. 

" Yesterday the Society dined at the Bank Coffee-House, 
where Mr. James Doran, ' the host,' had spread a table, 
laden with the richest and rarest of the season, and beautifully 
ornamented with appropriate devices. The room was hung 
round, in a tasteful manner, with flags and festoons ; a trans- 
parency of St. Patrick was ranged at the head of the room, 
and at tasteful distances the names of Ireland's glorious sons, 
were placed in large characters. Take it all in all, we have 
seldom seen a dining room decorated with so much beauty 
and taste. 

" At 5 o'clock upwards of 100 members sat down to dinner, 
with several guests of distinction, among whom were John 
Graham, Esq., President of the St. Andrew's Society, Joseph 
Fowler, Esq., Vice President of the St. George's Society, 
Philip Hone, Esq., President of the German Society, the 
British Consul, Senor Mosquera, His Honor the Mayor, and 
our worthy Collector. 

" At a preparatory meeting the following gentlemen were 
elected officers for the ensuing year : — 

" John Chambers, President. 

" John Caldwell, 1st Vice President. 

" Wheaton Bradish, 2d Vice President. 

" Thomas Suffern 

" Harris Blood 

" William James Jr. \- Stewards 

" Alex'r Charters j 

" Jacob Harvey J 

" Dudley Persse, Secretary. 



7o 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



" When we think of this day, we cannot abstain from allud- 
ing to the virtues and noble character of St. Patrick, the 
Saint of ' The Green Isle ' whose numerous deeds of good- 
ness and greatness have stamped his memory indelibly on the 
hearts of Irishmen — to his influence and example Ireland 
owes much — he introduced religion and learning and ad- 
vanced civilization in their land ; the joy and enthusiasm with 
which every loyal son of Erin hails the return of this day, 
bespeaks the warmth and gratitude of his heart. 

" Ireland is indeed a glorious land, her people are honest, 
generous and sincere. They prize their country with a de- 
votion unsurpassed by any nation in Christendom, and well 
may they be proud of their birth-place — it is a luxuriant and 
fruitful soil. They cherish the renown of their ancestry, and 
well may they be proud of the daring deeds of the O'Briens, 
O'Connors, O'Mores, O'Neils and 0'Morvens[?]. They 
cherish the heroism of their forefathers, and well may they 
exult when they point to the imperishable glory achieved on 
the fields of Clontarf and Ossory. They love the fair daugh- 
ters of their land, and well they may — the Irish females are 
famed for purity of mind and loveliness of form and feature. 

" When we turn to modern times, and speak of her ora- 
tors, Ireland points with pride to her Burke, Curran, Grat- 
tan and Canning: to poets she has her More [Moore], Ma- 
turin, Wolfe and Dermody. To heroes from Brian Boruhma 
to Wellington, she can point to imperishable names — in a 
word, if we speak of science or song, Ireland can name nu- 
merous sons, whose genius has spread an imperishable glory 
upon her own green land." 

The Regular Toasts on this occasion were : 

ist. The Day we celebrate — our love of Country increases 
with each returning Anniversary. 

Music—" Sprig of Shillelah." 

2d. The memory of St. Patrick — the Benefactor and Pa- 
tron of Erin's Green Isle. 

Music— "St. Patrick's Day." 

3d. The President of the United States — " Length of Days 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



71 



be in his right hand, and in his left hand riches and honour — 
may his ways be ways of pleasantness, and all his paths be 
peace." 

Music — " Jackson's March." 
4th. The King of Great Britain and Ireland. 

Music—" God Save the King." 
5th. The Army and Navy of the United States. 

Music — " Star Spangled Banner." 
6th. The Governor and Lieut. Governor of the State of 
New York. 

Music — " Governor's March." 
7th. The Effects of Civil and Religious Liberty through- 
out the World — the grave of Despots — the death of Tyrants 
— the march of intellect, and the prosperity of our fellow 
men. 

Music — " Marseillaise Hymn." 
8th. Our Benovelent Contemporaries — the St. George's, 
St. Andrew's and German Societies. We are their. rivals with- 
out jealousy — the bonds of Christian charity unite us as 
brethren. 

Music — " Reel of Tullochgorum." 
9th. The Spirit of the Nineteenth Century — France, Po- 
land and Belgium have acknowledged its inspirations — it 
proclaims " Liberty to the oppressed." 

Music — " Tyrolese Song of Liberty." 
10th. Our Native Land — may a union of all true Patriots 
secure peace and prosperity to her children. 

Music — " Erin go Bragh." 
nth. Our adopted Country — the grain and mustard seed 
has become a great Tree, under whose branches the op- 
pressed of all nations find shelter. 

Music—" Hail Columbia." 
12th. May Charity always have a full Treasury, and Benev- 
olence hold the purse-strings. 

Music— " Mary's Tear." 
13th. The Fair — with all our love of Liberty, we cheerfully 
submit to their despotism. 



72 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 

Music — " Dear little Creatures, we Can't do Without 
Them." 

Volunteer Toasts 

By Mr. John Chambers, President. Poland — May her 
struggles be crowned with victory — and her example fly 
from pole to pole. 

By John Graham, Esq., President of St. Andrew's Society. 
The Emerald Isle — Rich in physical and intellectual produc- 
tions — may it be rich in the blessings of harmony and peace ! 

By Joseph Fowler, Esq., Vice-President of St. George's 
Society. May the Union now so happily subsisting between 
the Societies of St. Patrick and St. George never be repealed. 

By Philip Hone, Esq., President of the German Society. 
St. Patrick — May his speed be equally effectual now in pre- 
serving his country from tyrants on one hand, and disorgan- 
izes on the other, as it was in old times in exterminating all 
other noxious animals. 



The account thus concludes : " Mirth and hilarity shone on 
every face and dwelt in every heart throughout the evening 
— ' the feast of reason and the flow of soul ' reigned ascend- 
ants and at a seasonable hour, the company retired, highly 
delighted with the pleasure of the time." 



CHAPTER VIII. 

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York (Continued) 
N — A Journal Makes a Mistake regarding the Place of the Anniversary 
Dinner in 1832, but promptly Rectifies It — A Picturesque Incident during 
the Banquet that Year — Toast to President John Chambers of the Society, 
then in His Seventy-ninth Year. 

In a notice published in the " Evening Post," (N. Y.) 
March 12, 1832, Dudley Persse, then secretary of the 
Friendly Sons, announces : 



Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 

At a regular quarterly meeting held at the Bank Coffee 
House, on Thursday, the 1st inst. the following gentlemen 
were elected officers for the ensuing year: — 

John Chambers, Esq., President; John Caldwell, 1st Vice; 
Dennis McCarty, 2d Vice; John Moorhead, Treasurer; 
Dudley Persse, Secretary. 

Stewards. — Joseph Kernochan, John T. Dolan, Alexander 
Charters, Edward Eccleston, Doctor Trenor. 

The Society will celebrate their anniversary at Niblo's 
Saloon, Broadway, on Saturday, the 17th inst., at half past 4 
o'clock. Members are requested to meet for the transaction 
of business at half past 3. Tickets for the dinner can be had 
by applying to any of the stewards. 

Dudley Persse, Secretary. 

" St. Patrick's Day " is a heading in the " Commercial 
Advertiser," (N.Y.) March 16, 1832, following which head- 
ing is the statement that " The merry Sons of St. Patrick 
are preparing to celebrate the anniversary of their tutelar 
Saint, to-morrow. The Dinner is to be given at the Bank 
Coffee House. Among the luxuries which Mr. Doran is 
gathering in for the occasion, we notice in his larder a dozen 
fine looking shad, which he has caught this morning." 



74 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



The " Commercial Advertiser," however, in announcing 
the place for this dinner as at " the Bank Coffee House " 
was in error. It frankly acknowledges this in the following 
which appeared in its issue of March 17 : 

" St. Patrick's Day. — We were in error last evening, in 
mentioning that the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick were to dine this evening at the Bank Coffee House. — 
The dinner of the Society is to be given at Niblo's Saloon. 
A dinner by the ' Friends of Ireland,' will be partaken at 
Mr. Doran's Bank Coffee House. It is cold and wet without ; 
but we have no doubt that at both places it will be all warmth 
and sunshine within." 

A detailed report of this celebration was published in the 
" Commercial Advertiser," March 19, and in the " Evening 
Post," March 20, 1832. The same is here reproduced: 



St. Patrick's Society 

The anniversary of Ireland's Tutelar Saint, was celebrated 
on Saturday, with becoming joy and festivity. 

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick was 
founded in the year 1784, by the venerable Daniel M'Cor- 
mick, Esq. who was for many years its President — he still 
lives in the enjoyment of health. 

At a preparatory meeting, the following gentlemen were 
elected officers of the society for the ensuing year, namely : — 

John Chambers, Esq. President. 

John Caldwell, Esq. 1st Vice President. 

Denis M'Carthy, Esq., 2d Vice President. 

John Moorhead, Esq. Treasurer. 

Dudley Persse, Esq. Secretary. 

Joseph Kernochan 

Edward Eccleston I Stewards 

Alexander Charters 

Dr. Trenor 

On Saturday about sixty members and several guests, 
sate down to a sumptuous dinner prepared by Mr. Niblo, 
and served up in his spacious saloon, Broadway; the table 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 75 

was bountifully laden and decorated with appropriate de- 
vices. 

When the cloth was removed, the following toasts were 
given : 

Regular Toasts 

1st. The day we celebrate, may it ever be a day of con- 
cord, festivity, and happiness. Music — " St. Patrick's Day." 

2d. St. Patrick — To emulate his virtues, should be ever 
amongst our first duties. Music — " Sprig of Shillalah." 

3d. Ireland and America — May the Sons of the Green Isle 
continue to enjoy, (under the wings of the Eagle,) protec- 
tion from oppression, and reward for merit. Music — " Hail 
Columbia." 

When this toast was repeated by the first Vice President, 
a curtain fell from the wall of the saloon, and to the eyes of 
all, was exhibited a very brilliant and tasteful transparency; 
it represented a flag-pole in a horizontal position, from which 
gracefully undulated the American Banner, and on which 
was perched the Bald Eagle, our country's emblem, and 
underneath was printed the following motto : 

" Protection to the Sons of the Emerald Isle." 

It was a happy device, and was received with applause. 

4th. America — In liberty, unalterable; in prosperity, uni- 
versal; in union, eternal. Music — "Yankee Doodle." 

5th. The President of the United States — As Irishmen 
we feel proud of the people's choice. (9 cheers) Music — 
" President's March." 

6th. The patriot King — William the 4th (9 cheers). 
Music — " God Save the King." 

7th. The Army and Navy of the United States. Music — 
" Star Spangled Banner." 

8th. The Governor and State of New York. Music — 
" Buy a Broom." 

9th. Our Sister Societies — In the laudable strife of char- 
ity, we may emulate each other without envy, and endeavor 
to excel without vanity. Music — " Auld Lang Syne." 



76 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

When the preceding toast was drunk, Thomas Dixon, 
Esq., President of St. George's Society, rose and said: 

" Mr. President — To meet thus in friendly celebration of 
the anniversaries of our respective charitable societies, is 
at all times a source of no ordinary gratification, but in 
times like the present, when the elements of discord and 
commotion are at work among the nations of continental 
Europe, it is doubly gratifying on such occasion, to meet 
in grateful union, with men of various political creeds and 
religious persuasions, to commemorate those acts of charity 
and benevolence, which the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick have 
ever displayed to their suffering countrymen. 

" It is true, the advantages our country enjoys in many 
respects, are not unaccompanied by evils, but if peculiar 
wrongs there be in one part of the Empire, who shall say 
that equally peculiar ones do not exist in the other — together 
we endure them, and together we may hope to free ourselves 
from them, and 

" ' Yet the Harp of Innisfail 

May strike full high to notes of gladness.' 

" Rejoicing therefore in our bonds of fellowship, I beg 
leave in returning thanks for the good wishes expressed in 
your toast to your sister societies, one of which I represent, 
to propose as a toast : 

" The triple union — 

" ' May each in eternal union dear 

The Rose, the Shamrock, and the Thistle twine.' " 

Mr. Hone, President of the German Society, being absent, 
the following letter was read : 

" Mr. P. Hone regrets that his intended absence from 
the city will deprive him of the pleasure of accepting the 
polite invitation with which he has been honored, as Presi- 
dent of the German Society, to unite with the Society of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, in the celebration of the ap- 
proaching anniversary. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 77 

" Mr. Hone begs to propose the following toast on the 
occasion : 

" Ireland — May her share of British Reform consist in a 
full participation of the blessings of civil liberty and religious 
toleration." 

This letter being read, and the toast drunk, the President 
proposed the health of Philip Hone, President of the German 
Society, which was received with hearty good feeling. 

John Johnston, Esq., the President of St. Andrew's So- 
ciety, being prevented from attending by indisposition, the 
following toast was given and drunk — 

John Johnston, Esq. — We esteem him not only as Presi- 
dent of our sister Society of St. Andrew, but as a gentleman. 

10th. The land we left, and the land we live in — May their 
respect be mutual, and continue forever. Music — " Erin go 
Bragh." 

nth. Reform — May an equality of rights soon silence the 
voice of discord in the land of our forefathers. Music— - 
" Marseillaise Hymn." 

1 2th. Civil and Religious Liberty — The first (as we enjoy 
it) without licentiousness, and the last without sectarian 
ascendency. Music — " Tyrol Song of Liberty." 

13th. Woman — The solace of man in adversity — his pride 
and comfort in the day of prosperity. Music — " The Girls 
We Left Behind Us." 

Volunteers. 

By the ist Vice President. — The city of New York — May 
her prosperity of forty years to come be equal to that of the 
forty years that have passed. 

By the 2d Vice President. — National prosperity — the best 
test of good government. 

By Dudley Persse (Secretary). — Charity in its most com- 
prehensive sense — relief to the distressed, and its mantle 
thrown over the faults of others, whilst we resolve to amend 
our own. 



7 8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

By a Member. — The health of Daniel McCormick, the 
founder, and for many years President of this Society. 

By the Rev. Mr. Levins. — The memory of Michael 
Mulden. 

By the British Consul. — The health of Master Burke. 

By J. C. Buchanan. — John Hagan, of New Orleans, the 
friend of young Irishmen. 

By a Member. — The town of Ballimony — distinguished 
for its attachment to liberal principles — the mantle of its 
patriotism has fallen upon the shoulders of our worthy ist 
Vice President. 

Thomas Dixon being requested by the President to give a 
toast, rose and said, " that he did not anticipate being thus 
called upon, and was therefore somewhat unprepared; but," 
added Mr. Dixon, " Solomon says there is nothing new under 
the sun, but Solomon was never in Swate Ireland, or he 
would be after thinking there was something new under the 
sun, when he saw the wine that's made there. I give you, 
gentlemen, what many of you, it may be, like Solomon, never 
heard of before : 

The Vintage of Ireland — 

Old Sherri — old Curran — t, and a Little More still. 
(Sheridan) (Curran) (Moore, still alive) 

By Joseph Wilson. — The majority in the Commons — 
the minority in the Lords — success attend their efforts in the 
cause of Reform. 

By Mr. Alexander. — Kingcraft — A bad trade at present 
— many of the craft unemployed, and more soon expected 
to be discharged. May the whole fraternity soon be obliged 
to take to some more honest calling. 

By J. C. Holland. — Archibald Hamilton Rowan — the 
ardent patriot and chivalrous gentleman. 

By a Member. — The Ladies — in their holy alliance, may 
be despotic, without calling for assistance. 

By Mr. Murphy. — The memory of the illustrious men who 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 79 

have suffered death and persecution in supporting their coun- 
try's rights. 

By Capt. Boyd. — The memory of Washington. 

By James Magee. — The memory of David Andrews. 

By Samuel Osborn. — Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. 

By Dr. Trenor. — The memory of DeWitt Clinton; the 
descendant of an Irishman, and for many years a member of 
this Society. 

By John Moorhead. — The memory of Thomas Jefferson. 

By E. Stinson. — The health of the brave Lafayette, the 
uniform friend of liberty. 

When the President retired, the Chair was taken by John 
Caldwell, Esq., 1st Vice President, whereupon he said: — 

" Gentlemen — Your President has just retired, is in the 
79th year of his age. At a comparatively early period of 
his life, he was a member of the corporation of Dublin — 
but for what he judged the welfare of his country, he sacri- 
ficed his hopes and prospects, yea all other considerations — 
he has been a firm and consistent friend of liberty during the 
whole course of his long life. You all know him. I will 
give you a toast : 

" The health of John Chambers, Esq., our worthy Presi- 
dent." 

This was received with much feeling and satisfaction. 



CHAPTER IX. 

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York (Continued) 
— An Imposing Celebration in 1833 at the City Hotel — John Chambers 
Presides over the Festivities — Another Splendid Celebration takes place 
in 1834 at the same Place — Details of the Observance Held by the Organi- 
zation in 1835. 

A quarterly meeting of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick 
was held March 7, 1833, " at the City Hotel," New York. 
An election of officers for the ensuing year took place, the 
result being announced as follows in the " Gazette," March 
16, that year: 

Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. — At a regu- 
lar quarterly meeting held at the City Hotel on Thursday 
evening, the 7th, the following gentlemen were elected offi- 
cers for the ensuing year : — 

John Chambers, Esq., President. 

John Caldwell, Esq., 1st Vice President. 

Denis McCarthy, 2d Vice President. 

George S. Corbitt, Esq., Treasurer. 

Dudley Persse, Esq., Secretary. 

Stewards — Thomas Suffern, Esq., John Wilson, Esq., John 
Fleming, Esq., George Bushe, M.D., John T. Dolan, Esq. 

Almoner — Samuel Osborn. 

Committee of Charity — Cornelius Heeney, John T. Dolan, 
Christr. Cassidy, Edward Eccleston, Robert Donaldson. 

The Society will celebrate their National Anniversary at 
the City Hotel on Monday, the 18th, at 5 o'clock. Members 
are requested to meet for the transaction of business, at half 
past 3 o'clock. Tickets for the dinner can be had by apply- 
ing to any of the Stewards. 

Dudley Persse, Secretary. 



How this anniversary celebration in 1833 was carried out 
is well told in the following account from the columns of 
" The Gazette," March 20, 1833: 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 8 1 

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 

The members of this ancient and highly respectable So- 
ciety, celebrated the Anniversary of their Patron Saint, at 
the City Hotel, on Monday last, on which occasion, they 
partook of a sumptuous dinner prepared in the usual style 
of elegance and profusion that characterizes the entertain- 
ments furnished by Mr. Jennings. The members and their 
guests sat down to the table about half-past 5 ; the venerable 
President John Chambers, Esq., in the Chair, assisted by 
John Caldwell, Esq., and Denis McCarthy, as Vice Presi- 
dents. Among the guests were, Joseph Fowler, Esq., Act- 
ing President of St. George's Society; David Hadden, Esq., 
President of St. Andrew's; Philip Hone, Esq., President of 
the German Society; Gideon Lee, Esq., Mayor of the City; 
James Buchanan, Esq., British Consul ; Rev. Mr. Levins, and 
several others. The Hon. James M. Wayne, and the Hon. 
John Forsyth, of Georgia, were invited, but they were unable 
to attend owing to previous engagements. The throne of 
grace was addressed in an impressive manner by the Rev. 
Mr. Levins, when the enjoyment of the repast commenced. 

After the cloth was removed, the following regular toasts 
were announced from the chair : 

1. The day we celebrate — May it ever be a day of concord, 
festivity and happiness. " Patrick's Day." 

2. St. Patrick — To emulate his virtues should be our high- 
est aim. " Coolin." 

3. The land we left, and the land we live in. " Erin go 
Bragh." 

4. The President of the United States. " President's 
March." 

5. The King of Great Britain and Ireland — May he use 
the power granted him by the people, to redress their griev- 
ances, and do justice to the suffering sons of Erin. " God 
Save the King." 

6. The Army and Navy of the United States. " Star 
Spangled Banner." 



82 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

7. The Mayor and City of New York. " Governor's 
March." 

8. Education — The pillar on which Liberty rests — the 
foundation of human happiness and national prosperity. 
" The Harp that Once Through Tara's Halls." 

9. Our Sister Societies — All emulous in doing good, and 
diffusing the balm of charity. " Carolin." 

10. Civil and Religious Liberty — The first (as we enjoy 
it) without licentiousness, and the last without sectarian 
ascendency. " Hail Glorious Liberty." 

11. The Freedom of the Press — Rather suffer from its 
license, than restrain its liberty. " Ye Sons of Freedom ! " 

12. Lafayette — The patriot of three revolutions, unawed 
by the frowns of power, and uninfluenced by the smiles of 
royalty. " A Man's a Man for a' That." 

13. Woman — Given to man to divide his cares, and par- 
ticipate in the enjoyment of prosperity. 

After the regular toasts had all been gone through with 
the following volunteers were given, interspersed with music, 
songs, recitations, &c. Among the songs was one sung by 
Mr. Hill, written for the occasion by our fellow citizen, S. 
Woodworth, Esq., which should have been published in con- 
nection with these proceedings, had it not been for the late 
hour at which we were furnished with the materials to draw 
up an account. Many of the toasts were introduced with 
appropriate remarks, which are also excluded for the reason 
mentioned above. 

Volunteers 

John Caldwell, 1st Vice President. The Princes' Street 
Orphan Asylum, and may the blessing of Heaven reward its 
benefactors. 

This toast was accompanied with a few highly appropriate 
remarks, and was replied to in an equally happy vein by the 
Rev. Mr. Levins, who gave as a sentiment : 

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, and the heart that friend- 
ship wears at feasts. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 83 

Dennis McCarthy,* 2d Vice President. Charity, that 
bright feature of our society which cheers the widow's heart, 
and relieves the orphan's sufferings. 

The Mayor. The union of all honest hearts — the union of 
all industrious hands, of whatever clime or state — in the erec- 
tion and the prosperity of the great and prosperous city of 
New York. 

President of St. George's. The progress of that great 
science — the science of humanity. 

President of St. Andrew's. The Friendly Sons of St., Pat- 
rick — may the only strife between them and the other Char- 
itable Societies be — who shall most effectually relieve the 
distressed. 

President of the German Society. Thomas Moore — the 
experience of 52 has corrected the errors of 24 — Americans 
are proud to do him honor as a bright star of Erin, and the 
greatest lyric poet of the present age. 

Robert White. Our late President, Daniel M'Cormick — 
health and happiness to him. 

Campbell P. White. The memory of Charles Carroll, of 
Carrollton. 

Dr. Rice. " Reform " and " Oppression " — the trumpet 
which sounds the " advance " of the one, proclaims the " re- 
treat " of the other. 

Dr. Burke. May the Irish increase and multiply, and emi- 
gration from Ireland continue. They have division at home 
— let them practice multiplication here, and all other — ations 
except nullification. 

James M'Bride. The memory of a man of few words but 
good deeds — John Flack. 

John Morehead. The health of the Hon. Judge Wayne, 
of Georgia. 

Dudley Persse, Secretary. The Fair — they alarm, arm, 
and disarm; and are in favor of the Union to a — man. 

Charles Lambert. The triumph of social feeling as dis- 
played at this Festival. 

* Mr. McCarthy's name appears variously as Dennis and Denis. 



84 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

Robert Donaldson. Ireland — to her a speedy abolition of 
tithes. 

He ♦ ♦ $ $ if. 

Mr. Dolan. The memory of Sir Walter Scott. 

C. Cassidy. To your faith add hope, and to your virtue 
knowledge — But the greatest of all is Charity. 

A Member. May the Parliamentary Reform of our coun- 
try be the harbinger of brighter and better days. 

John Doyle. The future Federal connexion of Great 
Britain and Ireland. — If the partnership be " fair " and 
" equal," may it last forever. 

Robert White. The memory of the lamented John Oliver, 
who was the founder of the Hibernian Free School, in Balti- 
more, for the education of the descendants of the children 
of the Irish of all religious denominations. 

A Member. The health of our absent member James 
Magee. 

E. Grattan. Ireland — may she yet obtain a nationality. 

A Member. George Washington — the father of this 
country, the eternal guide of liberty. 

G. H. Hill. The true sons of Erin — to [from] them a 
Yankee's hand will never be withheld. 

J. G. Meen, of Virginia. Ireland, though burthened not 
disheartened. 

Mr. Dolan. The memory of Thomas Addis Emmet — the 
patriot and statesman. 

Joseph Wilson. The Star Spangled Banner — may a flag 
with the same liberty soon wave over the green island of Erin. 

John Caldwell. The United States of America and its Star 
Spangled Banner — E Pluribus Unum. 

[After the above toast was read, Mr. Caldwell gave a 
sentiment in Irish, as also the English poetic version which 
follows :] 

The Patriots of the land 
Made a glorious stand 
And pledg'd their lives, their fortunes and their honor 






OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 85 

To support the constitution 
With firmest resolution 
And rally round the star spangled banner. 

The noble deed was done 

The battle fought and won 
And prosperity and peace bless the banner 

And in spite of factious tools, 

Led on by knaves and fools, 
We'll preserve it from stain, and from dishonor. 



At the quarterly meeting of the Friendly Sons at the City 
Hotel, March 6, 1834, " for the election of officers, and pre- 
paratory to the anniversary festival," these gentlemen were 
chosen to office for the ensuing year: 

James McBride, Esq., President. 

Dennis McCarthy, Esq., 1st Vice President. 

Edward Eccleston, Esq., 2d do. 

George S. Corbett, Esq., Treasurer. 

Dudley Persse, Secretary. 

Saml. Osborn, Almoner. 

Committee of Charity: 

J. C. Buchanan and John Moorhead, Cornelius Heeney, 
Christopher Cassedy, and Robert Donaldson. 

Stewards : 
Joseph Kernochan, Thomas Suffern, John Wilson, 
Alexander Charters, John T. Dolan. 
It was decided to have the anniversary dinner at the City 
Hotel " on Monday, the 17th inst., at 5 o'clock." The mem- 
bers were requested to meet " at half-past 3 o'clock for the 
transaction of business." 

The quarterly meeting, March 5, 1835, was also held at 
the City Hotel, the officers elected for the ensuing year being 
given as follows in the " Commercial Advertiser " (N. Y.), 
March 16: 



86 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. — At a regular 
quarterly meeting of this Society, held at the City Hotel, on 
Thursday evening, the 5th, the following gentlemen were 
elected Officers for the ensuing year : — 

Campbell P. White, Esq., President. 

John Wilson, Esq., 1st Vice. 

Edward Eccleston, 2d Vice. 

Samuel Osborn, Treasurer. 

Dudley Persse, Secretary. 

John Tarte, junr., Almoner. 

Committee of Charity 
Corns. Heeney, John C. Buchanan, 

John Moorhead, John T. Dolan, 

Christopher Cassidy. 

Stewards 

Jacob Harvey, Thomas Suffern, 

John Caldwell, Robert Emmet, 

Alexander Charters. 

The Society will celebrate their National Anniversary, by 
Dinner, at the City Hotel, on Tuesday, 17th instant, at 5 
o'clock. The members are requested to meet at half-past 
3 o'clock, for the transaction of the usual previous business. 
Tickets may be obtained on application to any of the 
Stewards, who invite their countrymen to unite with them 
on this occasion. 

Dudley Persse, 

Secretary. 

In connection with the anniversary dinner in 1835, Secre- 
tary Dudley Persse issued the following notice : 



St. Patrick's Day. 

The Society of the " Friendly Sons of St. Patrick " will 
celebrate their National Anniversary on Tuesday, the 17th 
inst. at the City Hotel. 

The members of the Society, and Irish gentlemen who may 
be in this city on a visit, are invited to join in the festivity. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 87 

Tickets will be furnished by any of the following gentle- 
men: — 

Jacob Harvey 

John Caldwell 

Robert Emmet 

Thomas Suffern 

Alex. Charters 

Dinner will be served at 5 o'clock. 

Members are requested to meet at half-past 3, for the 
transaction of the usual previous business. 

Dudley Persse, Secretary. 



In its issue of March 20, 1835, the " Commercial Adver- 
tiser " thus speaks of the dinner to which the foregoing 
notice refers: 

Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 

On Tuesday, the 17th, being the anniversary of St. Pat- 
rick, the Society dined at the City Hotel, as customary, in 
honor of the occasion. The dinner and wines were credit- 
able to the worthy host, and the utmost satisfaction and hi- 
larity prevailed. 

In the course of the evening, deputations were received 
from various charitable institutions, with their congratula- 
tion on the return of the day. The Presidents of the St. 
George, St. Nicholas, St. Andrew, and the German Benevo- 
lent Societies, and the British Consul were present, together 
with a number of invited guests. Sheridan Knowles was 
compelled to leave for Philadelphia, and sent his toast and 
apology. 

The Rev. Mr. Leavins addressed the Throne of Grace ; and 
after the cloth was removed, the following regular toasts 
were drank: — 

1. The day we celebrate, and all who honor it. Tune — 
" St. Patrick's Day." 

2. The memory of St. Patrick. " Erin go Bragh." 



88 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

3. The land we live in. " Hail Columbia." 

4. The President of the United States. " Hail to the 
Chief." 

5. The King of Great Britain and Ireland. " God Save 
the King." 

6. The Army and Navy of the United States. " Star 
Spangled Banner." 

7. Our native land. " Savourneen Deelish." 

8. The city of New York and our worthy Chief Magis- 
trate. " Yankee Doodle." 

9. Our sister Societies — Emulation without strife in the 
cause of charity. " The Bond of Union." 

10. Civil and Religious liberty throughout the world. 
" Marseillaise Hymn." 

11. The Governor of the State of New York. " Gover- 
nor's March." 

12. The freedom of the Press. " Ode to Franklin." 

13. The Fair — No happiness complete without the smile 
of woman. 

After which the following volunteers : — 

By Campbell P. White, Esq., President of the Society. 
James McBride, Esq., — Our late valued, esteemed, and re- 
spected President. 

By J. Wilson, Esq., 1st Vice-President. Great Britain and 
America — On sea or land — May the Sailor-King and the 
Soldier-President, ever maintain their present good under- 
standing. 

By Dudley Persse, Secretary. Our distinguished coun- 
tryman, James Sheridan Knowles — An author, scholar, and 
a gentleman. 

" The genius that irradiates his mind, 
Caught all its hue and purity from heaven." 

By Samuel Osborn, Treasurer. John Chambers, Esq., our 
former President — His services to the society will be long 
remembered with gratitude. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 89 

By J. McBride. Andrew Jackson — 

" Such men are raised to station and command, 
When Providence means mercy to a land — 
To manage with address — to seize with power, 
The crisis of a dark decisive hour." 

By John Moorhead. The State of Georgia — As steadfast 
in democratic principles, as the rock in the midst of the ocean, 
against which the waves have, since the creation, beat in vain. 

By T. Suffern. Our distinguished guest, the Hon. Mr. 
Beardsley. 

By Mr. Beardsley. The genuine Irishman — Brave, gen- 
erous, and hospitable: ever ready to give a warm reception 
to foes as well as to friends. 

By Henry C. Bowden. The memory of Archibald Hamil- 
ton Rowan, and of that illustrious Irishman, with him identi- 
fied in history — Curran. 

By Joseph Fowler, President of the St. George's Society. 
May English cordiality keep pace with Irish hospitality. 

By P. G. Stuyvesant, Esq. Ireland — Renowned for valor 
and hospitality. May her fertile land, possessing the germ 
of prosperity, be blessed with the smiles of Heaven. 

By J. S. Knowles. America — The land toward which old 
Ireland looks with tearful gratitude, as the ready, welcoming 
and fostering home of her exile. 

By Wm. Miles. Rev. Thos. C. Levins, the enlightened 
and liberal chaplain of the " Friendly Sons of St. Patrick," 
and enthusiastic advocate of his country's rights. 

By Rev. Mr. Levins. LoVe of our country, and the love 
which binds man to man. 

By J. Blackstock. The memory of Henry Grattan, the 
fearless advocate of his country's freedom. 

By C. Lambert. Cornelius Heeney, Esq., — Deprived from 
being with us by illness — may his health be soon restored. 

By James Wright, M.D. The honor of the nation must 
be preserved — its interests must not be sacrificed. 

By Edwin Robinson, of Virginia. St. Patrick's legacy to 



9° 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



his votaries — universal benevolence — its lavish expenditure 
hitherto justified the belief that it is boundless. 

By William Boyd. The Senate of the United States. 

By John McGloin. An American citizen — To the phil- 
anthropist, a recommendation preferable to the most ex- 
alted title conferred by despots. 

By J. Wright. The memory of John Flack, Esq. — Whose 
probity, integrity and honor, added an additional lustre to 
the Irish character. [The account then goes on to say that] 

" The delegation of the H. B. Provident Society, tenders 
their compliments to the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, and 
offers the following sentiment in behalf of the Society, which 
we have the honor of representing: 

" Ireland — As it ought to be, free from the transactions of 
a Rathcormac mob — May she never witness the same perse- 
cutions. 

" Wm. H. Wislow, Chairman, 
" Henry McCadden, 
" James Talbot, 
" Delegation from the H. B. Provident Society." 

By the Hibernian Relief Society. The Friendly Sons of 
St. Patrick — Language cannot be arranged to convey a bet- 
ter idea of their principles to the mind of a genuine Irish- 
man, than the mere mention of their title — The Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick. » 

The evening was passed in the greatest harmony, socia- 
bility and good feeling. The song, the story, and the jest 
went round the table, and the company broke up at a reason- 
able hour, highly gratified with the entertainment. 



In connection with this celebration, the following interest- 
ing letter was received : 

Debtors' Jail, March 17th, 1835. 
Sir : The persons confined in the Debtors' Jail most grate- 
fully acknowledge the receipt of thirty-seven dollars from the 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DA\ 



91 



" Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick," through the 
hands of their Secretary, Dudley Persse, Esq. In acknowl- 
edging this donation, the Sons of Erin at present confined 
cannot fully express their gratitude to their countrymen for 
their kindness in thus giving them the means of celebrating 
the anniversary of their Patron Saint. Although fortune has 
at present frowned on them, these frowns of fortune have, 
however, on this day been dispelled. You have this day 
shown that your feelings for suffering men are not confined 
to those who may have been in any one clime, but are ex- 
tended to those of every nation. You have relieved the dis- 
tressed, cheered the afflicted and visited the imprisoned, for 
which we sincerely thank you. 
We remain, sir, 

Your obedient servants, 

The Imprisoned Debtors. 
To Dudley Persse, Esq. 

Secretary Society of the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick. 



CHAPTER X. 

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York (Concluded) 
— Death of Daniel McCormick in 1834 — Was President of the Society 
nearly Forty Years — The Anniversary Dinner in 1845 — List of Officers 
of the Society, 1784-1845 — Some Members of the Organization previous 
to and including 1833 — The Charter of the Society. 

Daniel McCormick, the founder of the Friendly Sons, 
and who had served for nearly forty years as president, 
died on Jan. 31, 1834. "We have the painful task," says 
the " New York Gazette," of Feb. 1, that year, " of an- 
nouncing the death of the venerable Daniel McCormick, 
Esq., at his residence in Wall street, yesterday afternoon. 
This amiable old gentleman always stood high in the esti- 
mation of all who knew him. He was a true friend to the 
poor, and out of the abundance of his wealth, his gifts were 
bestowed liberally, and in the most graceful manner. The 
poor widow and the orphan, were among his earnest cares, 
and by them, and the community, his loss will long be de- 
plored. Mr. McCormick was a native of Ireland,* and one 
of Erin's brightest sons. May his example, in all good 
works, be followed by those of his countrymen in proportion 
to their means." 

In the " Gazette," of Feb. 3, 1834, we also find the follow- 
ing: notices: 



" Died on Friday afternoon, Jan. 31, 1834, Daniel Mc- 
Cormick, in the 91st year of his age. The friends of the de- 
ceased are respectfully invited to attend his funeral from his 
late residence, No. 57 Wall street, this afternoon, at half past 
four o'clock, without further invitation." 

* For additional details regarding Daniel McCormick, see biographical 
sketch in latter part of this work. 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



93 



" The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick are re- 
quested to attend the funeral of their late respected member, 
Daniel McCormick, Esq., this afternoon at half past three 
o'clock precisely." 



On St. Patrick's Day, 1845, the Friendly Sons dined at 
the City Hotel, the occasion being of customary interest. 
James Reyburn, then president of the Society, was absent, 
owing to ill health, and his place was filled by Vice President 
Robert J. Dillon. On the latter's right sat the presidents of 
the New England and St. Andrew's societies, while on his 
left were the mayor, and the president of the St. Nicholas 
Society. James T. Brady acted as vice-president. He had 
on his right Judge Daly and Henry B. Cowles, and on his 
left James Maurice and Mr. Jarvis. 

The following is a list * of the presidents, treasurers, and 
secretaries of the Friendly Sons, from 1784 to 1845, inclusive : 

1 784- 1 788. 

Daniel McCormick, President. 

Hugh Gaine, Treasurer. 

R. R. Waddell, Secretary. 

1 789- 1 790. 

William Constable, President. 

Hugh Gaine, Treasurer. 

R. R. Waddell, Secretary. 

1791. 

Alexander Macomb, President. 

Hugh Gaine, Treasurer. 

R. R. Waddell, Secretary. 

1792. 

Thomas Roach, President. 
Hugh Gaine, Treasurer. 
R. R. Waddell, Secretary. 
* From the Society's Manual, 1899. 



94 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 
1793-1794- 

Daniel McCormick, President. 

Hugh Gaine, Treasurer. 

R. R. Waddell, Secretary. 

1795- 

William Constable, President. 

Hugh Gaine, Treasurer. 

R. R. Waddell, Secretary. 

1796. 

George Pollock, President. 

Hugh Gaine, Treasurer. 

R. R. Waddell, Secretary. 

1 797- 1 804. 

Daniel McCormick, President. 

William Hill, Treasurer. 

R. R. Waddell, Secretary. 

1805. 

Daniel McCormick, President. 
John Caldwell, Treasurer. 
R. R. Waddell, Secretary. 

1806. 

Daniel McCormick, President. 

John Caldwell, Treasurer. 
Christopher Prince, Secretary. 

1 807- 1 808. 

Daniel McCormick, President. 
John Caldwell, Treasurer. 
R. R. Waddell, Secretary. 

1809-1810. 

Daniel McCormick, President. 
William Bryar, Treasurer. 
R. R. Waddell, Secretary. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 95 

l8ll. 

Daniel McCormick, President. 

John Chambers, Treasurer. 

R. R. Waddell, Secretary. 

1812-1814. 

Daniel McCormick, President. 

John Chambers, Treasurer. 

Nathan McVickar, Secretary. 

1815-1816. 

Daniel McCormick, President. 
John Woodward, Treasurer. 
Nathan McVickar, Secretary. 

1817-1820. 

Daniel McCormick, President. 

James Magee, Treasurer. 

J. Montgomery, Secretary. 

1821-1824. 

Daniel McCormick, President. 

Michael Muldon,* Treasurer. 

Harris Blood, Secretary. 

1825. 

Daniel McCormick, President. 

Michael Muldon, Treasurer. 

A. Charters, Secretary. 

1826. 

Daniel McCormick, President. 

J. B. Montgomery, Treasurer. 

A. Charters, Secretary. 

1827. 
Daniel McCormick, President. 
J. B. Montgomery, Treasurer. 
Joseph Alexander, Secretary. 

* This was"probably the gentleman whose name elsewhere appears as Michael 
Mulden. We also find the name Michael Muldoon. 



9 6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

1828. 

John Chambers, President. 

J. B. Montgomery, Treasurer. 

J. Alexander, Secretary. 

1829. 

John Chambers, President. 

J. B. Montgomery, Treasurer. 

Thomas Cleary, Secretary. 

1830. 

John Chambers, President. 

John Wilson, Treasurer. 

R. A. Fitz Gerald, Secretary. 

1831. 

John Chambers, President. 
John Wilson, Treasurer. 
Dudley Persse, Secretary. 

1832. 

John Chambers, President. 

John Moorhead, Treasurer. 

Dudley Persse, Secretary. 

1833. 

John Chambers, President. 

John Moorhead, Treasurer. 

George S. Corbitt, Secretary. 

i834. 

James McBride, President. 

George S. Corbitt, Treasurer. 

Dudley Persse, Secretary. 

1835-1836. 

Campbell P. White, President. 

Samuel Osborne, Treasurer. 

Dudley Persse, Secretary. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 97 

IS37. 

Campbell P. White, President. 
Samuel Osborne, Treasurer. 
Robert J. Dillon, Secretary. 

1838. 

Campbell P. White, President. 

Arthur Stewart, Treasurer. 

Dudley Persse, Secretary. 

1 839- 1 840. 

Dr. Robert Hogan, President. 

Arthur Stewart, Treasurer. 

William Arnold, Secretary. 

1841. 

Dr. Robert Hogan, President. 

Arthur Stewart, Treasurer. 

M. O. Barry, Secretary. 

1842. 

Dr. Robert Hogan, President. 

Charles M. Nanry, Treasurer. 

M. O. Barry, Secretary. 

1 843- 1 844. 

James Reyburn, President. 

Charles M. Nanry, Treasurer. 

Charles H. Birney, Secretary. 

1 845-1 848. 

James Reyburn, President. 

Charles M. Nanry, Treasurer. 

William G. Fitzgerald, Secretary. 

The New York City Directory for 1790 gives the mem- 
bers of the council of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, as John Shaw, William Edgar, John McVicker, Daniel 
McCormick, Carlisle Pollock, Samson Fleming, Thomas 
Roach and Thomas Bibby. 



9 8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

In the Directory for 1791 it is stated that the council then 
comprised John Shaw, John McVicker, William Edgar, 
Daniel McCormick, Carlisle Pollock, Thomas Bibby, Michael 
Price, and Henry Saidler. 

In 1792 it stood: John Shaw, John McVicker, Daniel Mc- 
Cormick, Carlisle Pollock, Henry Saidler, John Charlton, 
James Constable and William Hill. 

In 1794 it numbered: Michael Price, John Charlton, Alex- 
ander Stew r art, John McVicker, Henry Sadler,* John Shaw, 
Carlisle Pollock and Dominick Lynch. 

In 1795, 1796, and 1797 the council was: John Shaw, John 
McVicar,f John Charleton,| Carlisle Pollock, Dominick 
Lynch, John Kelly, Alexander Stewart and William Hill. 

In the New York City Directory, 181 2, John Craig and 
Wm. Stirling are mentioned as the " Charitable Committee " 
of the Friendly Sons. 

The following additional references to the Friendly Sons 
are found in New York papers : 

"The Daily Advertiser," Wednesday, 11 March, 1801 : 

St. Patrick's Society. 

The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, will please to take notice that their Anniversary 
Dinner, will be held at the Tontine Coffee House on Tuesday 
the 17th of March at ^ o'clock. 

Robert R. Waddell, Secretary. 

"The Daily Advertiser, Saturday, 17 March, 1804: 

St. Patrick's Society. 

The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. 

Patrick, will please to take notice, that their Anniversary 

Dinner will be held at the Old-Coffee-House, This Day, 17th 

March, at 4 o'clock. 

Robert R. Waddell, Secretary. 

* This name appears both as Sadler and Saidler. 
•{■'Appears as McVickar and McVicker. 
X Appears both as Charleton and Charlton. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 99 

" The Evening Post/' Saturday, 16 March, 1805: 

St. Patrick's Society. 

The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, will please to take notice, that their Anniversary 
Dinner will be at the Tontine Coffee House, on Monday, the 
1 8th of March, at 4 o'clock. 

Robert R. Waddell, 

Secretary. 

" The Evening Post," Saturday, 15 March, 1806: 

St. Patrick's Society. 

The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, will please to take notice that their Anniversary 
Dinner will be held at the Tontine Coffee-House, on Monday 
the 17th of March, at 4 o'clock. 

Robert R. Waddell, Sec'ry. 

" The Evening Post," Monday, 16 March, 1807, and " The 
New York Gazette," Tuesday, 17 March, 1807: 

St. Patrick's Society. 

The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick will please to take notice that their Anniversary 
Dinner will be held at the Phoenix Coffee House, on Tuesday 
the 17th of March, at 4 o'clock. 

Robert R. Waddell, Sec'ry. 

" The Evening Post," Wednesday, 16 March, 1808: 

St. Patrick's Society. 

The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick will please to take notice that their Anniversary Din- 
ner will be held at the Mechanic-Hall, on Thursday the 17th 
of March at 4 o'clock. 

, L of c< Robert R. Waddell, Sec'ry. 



IOO EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

" The Evening Post," Saturday, 27 Feb., 1813: 

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick 

Are requested to meet at the Tontine Coffee House, on 
Monday next, 1st March at 12 o'clock to elect officers and 
transact other business. 

" The Evening Post," Saturday, 16 March, 1816: 

The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick will please to take notice, that their Anniversary 
Dinner will be on Monday, the 18th inst. at 4 o'clock, at 
Washington Hall. 

" The New York Gazette," Monday, 3 March, 1817: 

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, are to 
meet at the Tontine Coffee-House This Day, 3 March, at 12 
o'clock, to elect Officers for the ensuing year, and transact 
other business. N. M'Vickar, Sec'ry. 

"The N. Y. Gazette," Saturday, 28 February, 1818: 

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, are to meet at the Ton- 
tine Coffee-House, on Monday the 2d day of March next, at 
12 o'clock, to choose Officers for the ensuing year, and trans- 
act other business. J. Montgomery, Sec'ry. 

"The N. Y. Gazette," Wednesday, 17 March, 1819: 

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. — The 
Anniversary of this Society will be celebrated This Day at 
the Bank Coffee House. Dinner will be on the table pre- 
cisely at half past 4 o'clock. 

"The Gazette," Saturday, 2 March, 1822: 

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick are to meet at the Bank 
Coffeehouse, on Monday evening next, at 7 o'clock, to 
choose officers for the ensuing year, and transact other busi- 
ness. By order, Harris Blood, Sec'ry. 

"The Gazette," Monday, 18 March, 1822: 

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick will hold their Anniver- 
sary Dinner at the Bank Coffee House, This Day, at four 
ness. By order, Harris Blood, Secry. 

Several other references to the day are found, viz. : 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 101 

"The Gazette," Monday, 17 March, 1823: 

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 

The Anniversary Dinner of this Society will be held at the 
Bank Coffee-House at 4 o'clock this day. By order, 

Harris Blood, Sec'ry. 

" The Gazette," Monday, 3 March, 1823 : 

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 

The members of this Society are requested to meet at the 
Bank Coffee House, This evening, at 7 o'clock precisely. 
By order, 

Harris Blood, Sec'y. 

" The Commercial Advertiser," Monday, 6 March, 1826: 

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 

The Quarterly Meeting of this Society will be held at the 
Bank Coffee House, This Evening, at 7 o'clock precisely. 
Punctual attendance is requested, as the Annual Election of 
Officers for the ensuing year will then take place. By order 

Harris Blood, Sec'ry. 

" The Evening Post," Friday, 29 February, 1828: 

Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. — The Annual 
Meeting for the election of officers of this Society for the en- 
suing year will be held at the Bank Coffee House on Monday 
Evening next at 7 o'clock. By order. Joseph Alexander, 
Sec'ry. 

"The Evening Post," Saturday, 15 March, 1828, and 
"The Commercial Advertiser," Saturday, 15 March, 1828: 

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick will cele- 
brate their Anniversary on Monday, the 17th of March in- 



io2 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

stant, at the Bank Coffee House. — Dinner at 4 o'clock. For 
tickets apply to either of the stewards : 

Gen. Lynch, 

David Andrews, 

Wm. Kyle, 

Michael Muldoon, 
or to Joseph Alexander, Sec'y. 

From " The Evening Post," Tuesday, 1 March, 1831 : 
St. Patrick's Society. — The members of the Society of 
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, are notified that the election 
night for new officers will take place on Thursday the 3d 
inst. at the Bank Coffee House, at 7 o'clock. A punctual 
attendance is requested. 

R. A. Fitz Gerald, 

Secretary. 

From "The Gazette" (N. Y.), Thursday, 6 March, 1834: 

Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. — The regular 

quarterly meeting of the Society for the election of officers, 

and preparatory to the Anniversary Festival, will be held 

this evening at the City Hotel, at 7 o'clock. 

Dudley Persse, Secretary. 

The following is a list * of gentlemen who were early 
members of the Friendly Sons. The year following each 
name indicates that the bearer was a member as early as 
that: 

McCormick, Daniel .... 1784 Shaw, John 1784 

Gaine, Hugh 1784 Pollock, Carlisle 1784 

Waddell, R. R 1784 Bibby, Thomas 1784 

Constable, William .... 1784 Flemming, Sampson. . . 1784 

Macomb, Alexander . . . 1784 Templeton, Oliver 1784 

Roach, Thomas 1784 Bradford, M 1787 

Pollock, George 1784 Gibson, Dr 1787 

Hill, William 1784 Smith, H 1787 

* From the Society's Manual, 1899. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



103 



Colles, Christopher. . . . 1788 

Thomson, Charles 1788 

Maunsell, Gen. John. . . 1789 

Clinton, DeWitt 1790 

Edgar, William I 79® 

McVickar, John I 79Q 

Price, Michael 1 79® 

Saidler, Henry T 79P 

Charleton, John 1 790 

Constable, James 1 790 

Stewart, Alexander. . . . 1793 

Wade, William 1 793 

Barnewell, George .... 1793 

Glover, John 1 793 

Lynch, Dominick I 793 

Kelly, John I 795 

Wallace, William 1804 

Caldwell, John 1804 

Heeney, Cornelius 1804 

Parks, John 1804 

Hogan, M 1805 

Searight, J 1805 

Boyle, M 1805 

Carbis, J 1805 

Reid, D 1805 

Blake, Valentine 1805 

Rutledge, William 1805 

Craig, W .1805 

Sullivan, J 1805 

Bailie, William 1805 

Bryar, William 1805 

Suffern, Thomas 1805 

Shaw, W 1805 

McCarty, Charles 1805 

Dickey, R 1805 

Cranston, Alex 1805 

Roth, M 1805 



Craig, S 1805 

McComb, J. W 1805 

McConnell, James 1805 

Murray, J 1805 

Phelan, John 1805 

Morris, Andrew 1805 

Macomb, John N 1805 

Phister, Alexander .... 1805 

McEvers, Gulian 1805 

Watson, James 1805 

Kemp, Dr 1805 

Jephson, William H...1805 

Chambers, James 1805 

O'Connor, Capt 1805 

Keith, John 1805 

Bailey, William 18 12 

Carberry, Thomas 181 2 

Chambers, John 1812 

Craig, John 1812 

Sterling, Wm 1812 

Macneven, Wm. Jas. . .1815 
Emmet, Thos. Addis.. 18 15 

McCarthy, Dennis 181 5 

Christian, Charles 181 5 

Montgomery, J 1817 

Blood, Harris 182 1 

Andrews, David 1821 

Nicholson, John 1821 

Charters, John 1821 

Kernochan, Jos. P. . . . 1825 

Laverty, Henry 1825 

Moorehead, John 1825 

Kyle, Wm 1825 

Gray, Andrew 1825 

Muldon, Michael 1825 

Charters, S. M 1825 

Alexander, Joseph 1825 



104 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



Lynch, General 

Montgomery, J. B 

Cleary, Thomas 

Fitz Gerald, R. A 

Buchanan, James, Jr. . . 

Ingham, Charles 

Wilson, John 

James, Wm 

Wright, John W 

Hogan, Dr. Robert. . . . 

Cuming, Dr 

Cassidy, Christopher. . . 

Trenor, Dr 

Harvey, Jacob 

Bradish, Wheaton 

Persse, Dudley 

Sampson, William 

Dolan, John T 

Eccleston, Edward 

Osborne, Samuel 

Magee, James 

Boyd, Capt. Wm 

Corbitt, George S 

Fleming, John 

Bush, Dr. George 

Donaldson, Robert 

White, Robert 

White, Campbell P 

Rice, Dr. G. C 

Burke, Dr 

McBride, James 

Lambert, Charles 

Doyle, John 

Tait, John, Jr 

Emmet, Robert 

Brown, James C 

Arnold, Dr. Wm 



825 Dillon, Robert J 1835 

828 O'Neil, Capt. Felix 1835 

828 Usher, Luke 1835 

828 Usher, Robert 1835 

828 Warren, J 1835 

828 Montgomery, J. B., Jr. .1835 

828 Redmond, Wm 1835 

828 Brown, Stewart 1835 

828 Miller, James 1835 

828 Foote, John 1835 

828 Charters, Samuel 1835 

828 Cummin, Thomas A. . . 1835 

830 Wright, Dr 1835 

830 Charters, Alexander. .. 1835 

831 Millar, Jesse 1835 

831 Maxwell, Matthew. ... 1835 

831 Power, Rev. John 1835 

832 McAllister, Samuel. . . . 1835 

832 Harden, Geo 1835 

832 Kane, Wm 1835 

832 Alley, Saul 1835 

832 Adams, John 1835 

833 Brown, James 1835 

833 Gillelan, E. H 1835 

833 Gibson, John 1835 

833 Ingoldsby, Felix 1835 

833 Niblo, John 1835 

833 Niblo, W 1835 

833 Nicholson, John 1835 

833 Nichols, Samuel J835 

833 Dore, John 1835 

833 Buchanan, James C. . . . 1835 

833 Buchanan, Robert L. . . 1835 

833 Graham, Bernard 1835 

833 Matthews, James 1835 

835 McGloin, Edward 1835 

835 Bushe, George 1835 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



l°5 



Bryar, James 1835 

Burke, Michael 1835 

Burke, Myles 1835 

Cullen, Edward F 1835 

Cruise, Patrick R 1835 

Connolly, E 1835 

Cluff, John 1835 

Denniston, James 1835 

Dunn, Bernard 1835 

Daily, Patrick 1835 

Doyle, Dennis H 1835 

Fox, John 1835 

Graham, David, Jr. ... 1835 

Gray, Andrew 1835 

Grattan, E 1835 

Hill, John 1835 

Haggerty, John 1835 

Haggerty, Ogden 1835 

Jackson, Daniel J 835 

Jackson, George 1835 

Jackson, Thomas 1 &35 

Kyle, Jeremiah 1835 

Kyle, Joseph 1835 



Kelly, Robert 1835 

Morrison, John J 835 

Murray, Ham 1835 

McLaughlin, Peter. . . . 1835 

Murphy, Thomas J 835 

Mullen, John 1835 

McKibben, Dr 1835 

McGrath, Daniel 1835 

O'Brien, William 1835 

O'Brien, Francis 1835 

Park, David 1835 

Patterson, Robert S...1835 

Powell, James W 1835 

Quinn, John 1835 

Rutherford, Robert. . . . 1835 

Stinson, Edey 1835 

Shaw, James ^3S 

Shaw, William 1835 

Thompson, Alex ^35 

Thompson, Alex., Jr.. 1835 

Wilson, Joseph 1835 

Ennis, Thomas ^35 

Kelly, William 1835 



The incorporation of the Friendly Sons took place in 1827. 
The charter reads as follows : 

An Act to Incorporate the Society of the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick in the City of New York. Passed February 
Thirteenth, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Twenty 
Seven. 

Whereas, the members of a Society instituted for the relief 
of indigent natives of Ireland, and their descendants, have 
petitioned the Legislature for an act of incorporation, the 
better to enable them to obtain the objects of their associa- 
tion; therefore 

Be it enacted by the People of the State of New York, 
represented in Senate and Assembly, that John Chambers, 



106 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

James McBride, James Magee, Alexander Charters, John 
B. Montgomery, John Caldwell, and Daniel McCormick, and 
such other persons as now are, or hereafter shall, become 
members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick 
in the City of New York, are hereby constituted and de- 
clared a body politic and corporate, in fact and in name, by 
the name of " The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick in the City of New York," and by that name they and 
their successors during the existence of the said incorpora- 
tion, shall and may have perpetual succession and shall in law 
be capable of suing and being sued, pleading and being im- 
pleaded, answering and being answered unto, defending and 
being defended, in all courts and places whatsoever ; and that 
they and their successors may have and use a common seal, 
and may change and alter the same from time to time at 
their pleasure : and also by their corporate name and in their 
corporate capacity, they and their successors may purchase, 
take, hold, use, and enjoy, sell, lease and convey any estate, 
real or personal, for the use and benefit of said corporation ; 
provided, that the annual income of such real and personal 
estate shall not at any time exceed Five Thousand Dollars. 
2. And be it further enacted, that the said corporation shall 
have power to make such constitutions, by-laws and regu- 
lations as they shall judge proper for the appointment of 
officers, for the admission of new members, for the govern- 
ment of the officers and members thereof, for collecting an- 
nual contributions from the members towards the funds 
thereof, for regulating the times and places of meeting of the 
said Society, for suspending or expelling such members as 
shall neglect or refuse to comply with the by-laws or regula- 
tions, and for the managing and directing the property, affairs 
and concerns of said Society; provided, that such constitution, 
by-laws and regulations be not inconsistent with the Laws 
or Constitution of this State, or of the United States : pro- 
vided further, that the said corporation shall not engage in 
any banking business, nor dispose of any of its funds for any 
other purpose than the relief of such members of the said 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



107 



Society, natives of Ireland, and children and grand-children 
of natives of Ireland, or of a member of said Society, who 
may become indigent and poor. 

3. And be it further enacted, that the present officers of 
said Society shall hold their respective offices until others 
shall be chosen in their places. 

4. And be it further enacted, that this Act be, and hereby 
is declared to be a public act, and that the same shall be con- 
strued in all courts and places, benignly and favorably for 
every beneficial purpose therein intended, and that no mis- 
nomer of the said corporation in any deed, gift, grant, de- 
vise or other instrument of contract or conveyance, shall 
vitiate or defeat the same; provided, the Corporation shall 
be sufficiently disinterested to ascertain the intention of the 
parties. 

5. And be it further enacted, that the Legislature may at 
any time hereafter amend, alter, modify or repeal this act. 



It may be stated, as a matter of interest, that early in 1901, 
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick here mentioned had a mem- 
bership of 500 — the limit — and had a waiting list of forty 
names. The assets of the Society at existing market values 
exceeded $53,000, against which there were no liabilities. 



CHAPTER XL 

The Hibernian Provident Society of New York — It has an Observance 
of St. Patrick's Day as far back as 1801 — Many Celebrations of the Anni- 
versary held by it in Subsequent Years — Toasts Proposed in 1807 by 
George Clinton, Jr., and Pierre C. Van Wyck — The Society Prominent for 
Many Years. 

The Hibernian Provident Society of New York met " at 
Mr. Adams' hotel," * that city, March 17, 1801, for the pur- 
pose of " adopting a constitution for their government, and 
for pointing out the mode of assisting unfortunate members 
of the society, and giving aid to such distressed Irish emi- 
grants as may be required. The business being finished, they 
retired and partook of a repast provided for the occasion." 

The Society unanimously adopted a Constitution, t a copy 
of which we present in another chapter. The organization 
continued in existence for many years. Numerous promi- 
nent people were included in its membership, and the So- 
ciety was a participant in many notable events. It did 
much good work of a charitable and benevolent nature, and 
for years was one of the representative Irish societies of 
New York City. 

After its business session, March 17, 1801, it " partook of 
a repast," as already stated, and then enjoyed the following 
toasts : 

1. Ireland — May we ere the close of the year 1801, hail 
her an independent nation, and her sons and daughters free 
and happy. 

2. The memory of those brave and patriotic Irishmen 
whose lives have been nobly, though unsuccessfully, sacri- 

*"The American Citizen" (N. Y.), March 20, 1801. 

f Either at this or a subsequent meeting. The copy in the possession 
of the New York Historical Society states that the Constitution was 
adopted in 1802. Perhaps preliminary steps were taken at the meeting 
in 1801. 



EARL Y CELEB RA TIONS OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



109 



ficed, either on the scaffold or in the field, in attempting the 
emancipation of their country from British tyranny. 

3. (Left out or toasts misnumbered.) 

4. Henry Jackson, and the exiled patriots of Ireland — May 
they be speedily recalled to enjoy the sweets of liberty in 
their native land. 

5. The people of America, the freest and consequently the 
happiest on earth — May they duly appreciate and never sur- 
render their religious and political rights. 

6. The President of the United States — May his admin- 
istration prove him worthy that confidence which placed him 
in the most honorable official situation in the world, the first 
servant of the American people. 

7. The memories of Washington, Franklin, and the de- 
parted worthies of America. 

8. William Penn, and the first Europeans who settled in 
North America — Ever honored be that noble spirit which 
preferred liberty in a wilderness, to slavery in their native 
land. 

9. Equal representation and the liberty of the press, the 
only sure guarantee of liberty. 

10. The Alien and Sedition laws, the late shields of mis- 
rule, peculation, and treason — May all future attempts to re- 
vive them, be considered by the Americans, as signals that 
liberty is in danger. 

11. " Serious Consideration " — May the people always re- 
ceive with due abhorrence, every impious attempt to make 
religion the instrument wherewith to enslave a whole nation, 
to entail misery and wretchedness on thousands of millions 
yet unborn. 

12. The Fair of Columbia and Hibernia — May they ever 
favour the generous youths who nobly assert and defend the 
rights of them and their posterity. 

Volunteers. 

May Irishmen (if ever necessary) continue to be found in 
the advance guard of American Independence. 



HO EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

Universal suffrage, trial by jury, and the liberty of the 
press — the political trinity of freemen. 

The starving human property of George the 3d on the 
Island of Britain — May hunger (if nothing else can) make 
them partake of the spirit of their ancestors of the 17th cen- 
tury, and prompt them to avenge the injuries of mankind, by 
breaking their chains on the guilty heads of their blood- 
stained tyrants. 

The " American Citizen " (N. Y.), March 17, 1802, con- 
tained this notice: 

Hibernian Provident Society. 

The Annual Meeting of the Hibernian Provident Society 
will be held at Adams' Hotel, William-street, at 6 o'clock on 
Wednesday Evening the 17th inst. for the purposes of elect- 
ing officers and for transacting other business of the Society. 
The members are requested to attend promptly at the above 
hour. 

March 19, 1802, the " Citizen," just mentioned, reported 
that: 



The Hibernian Provident Society met at Adams' Hotel, 
William-street, on the 17th inst. being the anniversary of 
their institution, when the following persons were elected 
officers for the ensuing year. 

Robert Swanton, President, 

Andrew Morton, M.D., Vice President. 

John Riddle, M.D., Second Vice President. 

David Bryson, Secretary. 

After the business of the day was over, they, with other 
republicans, retired to partake of a collation provided for 
the occasion by Mr. Adams, and the following toasts were 
drank : 

1. The afflicted sons and weeping daughters of that blood 
besprinkled and tear bedewed land, Erin. 

2. The memories of Orr, Harvey, and Bond, and their 
brave and virtuous co-patriots who fell in the field and bled 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY m 

on the scaffold in the late noble, though unsuccessful attempt 
to emancipate their country from British tyranny and do- 
mestic treason. 

3. O'Connor, Russel, and Emmet, and their incarcerated 
countrymen in Fort George and the other Bastiles of Great 
Britain and Ireland — May some fortunate event speedily en- 
able them to enjoy with us the sweets of liberty. 

4. The inglorious memory of that corrupt, venal, debased, 
and contemptible assembly of traitors, the late Parliament 
of Ireland — May the recollection of their repeated treasons 
serve to convince republicans of the danger of tolerating in 
legislative bodies the assumption of undelegated powers. 

5. May the Republican Irish, resident in the United States, 
ever gratefully acknowledge that they are indebted to the 
American people for an asylum from oppression, and be ever 
found among the foremost (whether citizens or soldiers) 
in advancing the happiness and honour of their adopted 
country. 

6. The American people politically omnipotent — May 
they, by a wise and virtuous exercise of sovereignty, ever 
save themselves from their worst enemies. 

7. The Federal and State constitutions — May they ever, as 
hitherto, withstand the attacks of designing aristocrats, 
avowed royalists, and proscribed traitors, whether in or out 
of office. 

8. The national legislature, beneficially employed in cor- 
recting past errors and diminishing public burdens. 

9. The State of New York — Prosperous and democratic. 

10. The memory of Washington, Franklin, Montgomery, 
and the other departed worthies who contributed in freeing 
their country from the shackles of British domination. 

11. The President of the United States, who exhibits to an 
approving world, the too novel but admonitory example of 
an executive voluntarily sacrificing its patronage on the altar 
of public good. 

12. The Vice President of the United States — May the 
odium of aristocratic praise never diminish his popularity. 



H2 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

13. The Governor of the State of New York — May merit 
like his ever meet its reward, the approbation of an enlight- 
ened people. 

14. The Mayor of New York — The genuine republican, 
enlightened statesman, and upright magistrate. 

15. The Republican Youth of France who drubbed into 
compliance the crowned despots of Europe, with their nu- 
merous hordes of titled and untitled slaves. 

16. The American Fair — May none but republicans be 
favoured with their smiles. 

Volunteers. 

By the Chairman — The three leaved Shamrock of Ireland 
— May it ever remind republicans of the three theological 
virtues, Faith, Hope, and Charity, imperative of their duty 
to relieve a republican in distress, and ameliorate his situa- 
tion. 

Peace — May it effect what war has failed to do; the de- 
struction of British despotism. 

Gerald's Sentiment — Poor Ireland, for which God has done 
so much, and Man so little ! 

May Irish Democrats who, forgetting their dignity, 
stooped so low as to associate with royalists under a roof 
surmounted by a crown, sensibly feel the degradation to 
which they submitted. 



In " The American Citizen," March 16, 1803, we find this 
notice: 

Hibernian 
Provident Society of New York. 

The Annual Meeting of the Hibernian Provident Society 
of New York will be held at Adams' Hotel, 68 William-street, 
on Thursday the 17th instant, at 6 P.M. The members are 
requested to be punctual in attending at that hour, and to 
come prepared to discharge their arrears. 

David Bryson, Sec'ry. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY II 3 

N.B. The names of such members as will be found more 
than twelve months in arrear, and who reside in this city, 
will be struck off the roll of the society. 

Speaking of the meeting and its attendant exercises, " The 
Citizen," March 22, 1803, says: 



The Hibernian Provident Society of New York met on 
the evening of the 17th inst. at Adams' Hotel, to celebrate 
the anniversary of their institution, and to elect officers for 
the ensuing year. The members after partaking of a repast 
prepared for the occasion, drank the following Toasts, ac- 
companied with appropriate patriotic Songs. 

1. Erin, alas; subjugated Erin — May the oppression and 
consequent wretchedness of her inhabitancy be a warning to 
Americans, carefully to preserve the source of their happi- 
ness, self government. 

2. The memory of the Irish Heroes who fell in the late 
virtuous attempt to wrest their country from British Do- 
minion. 

3. The patriots lately liberated from Fort George, and 
the other Bastiles of Great Britain and Ireland — may they 
be as successful in their future pursuits, as they have been 
firm during a long and severe persecution. 

4. Our Sovereign, the American people. 

5. The republic of America — may her adopted sons be 
found amongst the foremost to oppose domestic intrigues, 
and to repel foreign aggression. 

6. The state and federal constitutions, the shields of 
American liberty — may they ever withstand the attacks of 
royalists and aristocrats, whether openly avowed, or masked 
under the guise of false federalism. 

7. The free navigation of the Mississippi, the outlet of our 
western produce — should negotiation fail to establish our 
natural rights, American Bayonets, wielded by republican 
youth, will not. 

8. The memory of Washington, Franklin, Montgomery, 



U4 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



and the other departed worthies whose virtuous labors 
effected the emancipation of their country. 

9. Thomas Jefferson — the faithful servant of a free people. 

10. Our Governor, George Clinton, the firm and undevi- 
ating republican. 

11. The Mayor and Recorder of New York — may none 
but republicans ever fill the magistracy of our city. 

12. Citizen Monroe — may the result of his mission prove 
the wisdom of trying negotiation before war be resorted to. 

13. Samuel Adams — the virtuous and venerable patriot. 

14. Thomas Paine — the vigilant centinel of liberty. 

15. Political liberty, and its never failing attendant — hap- 
piness to all mankind. 

16. A free Press — the terror of Tyrants. 

17. Federal malignity and calumny — monuments of safety, 
with which, error of opinion may be tolerated where reason 
is left free to combat it. 

Volunteers — The American Fair — may they always re- 
ceive with indignant frowns, the advances of those who would 
enslave their descendants. 

The state of Ohio — may she prove a second Kentucky. 

The Harp, as it ought to be, uncrowned. 



In the " American Citizen," March 16, 1804, and the N. Y. 
" Evening Post," March 17, the same year, this notice 
appears : 

Hibernian Provident Society. 

The members will meet at the Union Hotel, No 68 
William-street, on Saturday Evening, March 17, at 6 o'clock, 
to celebrate the Anniversary of the Society, — Supper will 
be on the table at half past 7 precisely. — Tickets to be had 
at the Bar or from the Members of the Committee of Ar- 
rangements. — Each Member is at liberty to introduce one 
or more republican Friends. 

David Bryson, Secretary. 

The " Citizen," March 22, 1804, thus describes the pro- 
ceedings: 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 115 

The Hibernian Provident Society 
of New York 

Met according to annual custom at the Union Hotel, on the 
17th instant, to celebrate the Anniversary of their Institu- 
tion. After the business of the Society was finished, about 
100 of the members retired to partake of a supper provided 
for the occasion by Citizen Cuthbert, and to spend the even- 
ing in festive conviviality. The cloth being removed, the 
following Toasts were drank, accompanied with appropriate 
songs. 

1. The day and all good men who honor it; may the re- 
volving festival joyfully announce the freedom and inde- 
pendence of the Sons of St. Patrick. 

2. Erin, the land of our nativity; while we enjoy the 
blessings of political liberty, we regret the sufferings of her 
enslaved inhabitants. 

3. America: where Liberty dwells, there is our country. 

4. The memory of the Patriots who bled on the scaffold, 
or fell in the field, in attempting to effect the independence 
of Ireland. 

5. The memory of the departed Heroes and Statesmen, 
whose patriotic exertions effected American Indpendence. 

6. The Fair Patriots of Ireland, now languishing in cells, 
at the instance of the British Government — May their sighs 
inspire with additional firmness the Sons of their subjugated 
Country. 

7. Our Sovereign — The American People. (3 times 3 
cheers.) 

8. Thomas Jefferson — May Political Integrity like his, 
ever meet the Patriot's best and dearest reward — the ap- 
probation of a free and enlightened People — (3 times 3 
cheers). 

9. George Clinton, our Governor — The strenuous sup- 
porter of honest men and their Republican measures — May 
his successors regulate their conduct by his example. 
(3 times 3 cheers.) 



Il6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

io. The Genius of Ireland. — May her high toned harp, 
soon play the funeral dirge of British Domination. 
ii. The world Republican, and God the only King. 

12. The Men who dared to be honest in the worst of times. 

13. Louisiana — The bloodless acquisition of a wise ad- 
ministration. 

14. The Harp, as it ought to be, uncrown'd (3 times 3 
cheers). 

15. The Press — Free and unshackled. 

16. The Fair Daughters of Columbia — May Erin's Sons 
deserve their smiles. 

17. The Distressed. 

By the Mayor (who favored the Society with his company) 
— The Hibernian Provident Society of New York; may they 
enjoy the blessings of prosperity in their adopted country. 

After the Mayor retired — The Mayor of New York. 

Volunteers. 

Thomas Paine, and the Rights of Man. 

St. Tammany; may Tammany and Patrick ever agree. 

" The evening was spent in the greatest harmony, and joy 
appeared depicted in every countenance." 

On Monday, March 18, 1805, we find this notice in the 
" Citizen " : 

Hibernian Provident Society. 

The annual meeting of the Hibernian Provident Society of 
New York, will be held at the Union Hotel, No. 68 William- 
street, at 7 o'clock This Evening, for the purpose of celebrat- 
ing the Anniversary of their institution. — Punctual attend- 
ance is requested. 

Speaking of this celebration, the " American Citizen," 
March 20, 1805, publishes the following report: 



On Monday, the 18th inst. the Hibernian Provident So- 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



117 



ciety supped at the Union Hotel, William-street, when the 
following Toasts were drank. 

1st. The day, and all good men who honor it. 

2d. Ireland as she ought to be, free and independent. 

3d. America as she is, Republican and happy. 

4th. The memory of the Irish heroes, who bled on the 
scaffold or fell on the field, in endeavoring (tho' alas unsuc- 
cessfully) to emancipate their country. 

5th. The memory of the sages and heroes, whose patriotic 
exertions effected American Independence. 

6th. The American People — may they never surrender 
their sovereignty. 

7th. Thomas Jefferson, tried and found faithful. 

8th. George Clinton, the undeviating Patriot. 

9th. The Governor of the State of New York — may he 
ever recollect that a steady adherence to principle will alone 
command the support of Freemen. 

10th. John Broome, our Lieutenant Governor, the upright 
and honest man. 

nth. The citizen soldiers of America, the guardians of her 
freedom — may the principles which actuate them, be dissem- 
inated among the armies of tyrants, and the mercenary 
soldier converted into the industrious citizen. 

1 2th. Man wherever found — may he feel his dignity and 
assert his independence. 

13th. May negro slavery, that degrading remnant of co- 
lonial dependence, be speedily abolished. 

14th. The Irish Shamrock — may it no longer be over- 
shadowed by the London Pride. 

15th. The press free, but not licentious. 

1 6th. Integrity and Truth — may private interest never 
preponderate when political rights are in the opposite scale. 

1 7th. The American Fair — may they always instil the love 
of freedom into the youthful minds of their beloved offspring. 

1 8th. The Objects of our Institution — Our hearts are 
open to relieve the distressed, and our arms are always ready 
to defend our rights. 



Ii8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

Volunteers. 

/ 

1. The Mayor and Corporation of New York. 

2. The Scotch and English Patriots who sympathised with 
Ireland in her sufferings, and were willing to make common 
cause in struggling for liberty. 

3. Our adopted country — May it speedily cease to be pol- 
luted with the presence of Irish Tories and Irish political 
trimmers. 

4. Freedom of opinion, that etherialized principle which 
eludes the grasp of tyranny, and acquires elasticity by com- 
pression. 

5. The citizens of the United States who have become so 
from principle — may their conduct ever prove their fidelity 
to their adopted country. 



The following song, rendered at this celebration, was pub- 
lished, " by desire," in the " American Citizen," March 22, 
1805: 

[Song sung at the Hibernian Provident Society's Anni- 
versary Celebration of St. Patrick's Day.] 

A person representing the spirit of Erin, makes the fol- 
lowing exclamation : 

" O my sons, may thy noble efforts in the cause of suffering 
virtue, be crowned with immortal happiness ! " 

Song. 

Hark ! 'tis Erin's voice I hear, calling to her children dear, 
Who in merry roundelay, welcome in this glorious day; 
While the genius of her Isle, heav'd a sigh and then a smile, 
At oppression's heavy hand, that forced them from their na- 
tive land. 

(This line repeated.) 
Now from persecution free they hail this land of liberty. 
(This line repeated three times.) 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



119 



By the Shannon's beauteous side, whose stream in gentle 

murmurs glide, 
And by Liffey's beds of green, martyr'd heroes oft I've seen. 
Men by nature formed to be, their country's lights to liberty. 

(This line repeated.) 

May Erin's offspring one day be, the guardians of her liberty. 

(This line repeated three times.) 

Come my friend let no dark tale, o'er thy senses now prevail ; 
This night we meet for social glee, our principal is charity, 
This Heaven's first born and may it be, the type of our 
society. 

(Repeated, this line.) 
Our bond of union may it be, the good of our Society. 
(This line repeated three times.) 

Those patriot sons whom round I see, children of St. 

Tammany 
Whose holy zeal in freedom's cause, has filled the world with 

their applause. 
Charge your goblets, fill them high, the theme deserves to 

reach the sky. 
Let Jefferson and Clinton be the guardians of your liberty. 
(This line repeated five times.) 

In the " Citizen," March 15, 1806, a notice is published to 
the effect that the " Hibernian Provident Society will cele- 
brate their anniversary on Monday Evening, the 17th inst. 
(at their usual place.) — Supper precisely at 8 o'clock — Each 
member may invite one or more republican friends. By 
order — Walter Morton, Sec'y." 

March 20, 1806, the " Citizen " states that " The following 
communication from the Patriotic Hibernian Provident 
Society, was received on Tuesday afternoon, and the Editor 
would have been happy had it been in his power to give 
it publicity in the ' Citizen ' of yesterday, but its unusual 
length rendered its insertion impracticable. The effusions 



I2 o EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

of the high minded and gallant sons of Erin are always 
acceptable to him." Here follows the contribution, viz. : 



The Hibernian Provident Society commemorated their 
Anniversary on the 17th inst. in the Union Hotel, William 
street, with their usual festivity, accompanied with that 
convivial harmony, and generous flow of soul which are the 
marked characteristic of Irish Democratic Republicans. 

The following toasts will best make known the prevailing 
sentiments of the meeting. 

1. The Day — And the patriotic sons of St. Patrick, 
wherever found. 

2. Ireland — May she speedily cease to be a land of slaves. 

3. The United States of America — The only land of Free- 
men; long, long may she continue an asylum for the per- 
secuted patriot. 

4. The memory of those brave men who fell for Ireland, 
preferring the sacrifice of life to the endurance of despotism. 

5. The memory of the Heroes who bled in the cause of 
American liberty and independence. 

6. The American People — May they never lose sight of 
the principles of seventy-sjx. 

7. The President of the United States — Ever vigilant and 
faithful. 

8. The Vice-President of the United States — Brave in the 
field, firm in the cabinet, and honest in both. 

9. Democratic Republicanism — Manifested by an adher- 
ence to principle, not men — May its just indignation be felt 
by those who would insolently attempt to lead or mislead us 
therefrom. 

10. The Republican citizens of New York — Ever ready to 
assert their rights. 

11. Equality — May merit be the only foundation of civil 
distinctions, and public utility the end. 

12. The Press — Uninfluenced by individuals, unawed by 
power. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 121 

13. The Militia — The safest guardians of our country's 
rights. 

14. The American Flag — May our citizens never suffer 
k to be insulted with impunity. 

15. The Harp of Erin — Decorated with the Shamrock, 
and the Cap of Liberty substituted for the British Crown. 

16. The Tammany Society, and our Republican brethren 
throughout the Union. 

17. Speedy liberation to our imprisoned brethren in Ire- 
land, and an Austerlitz to their enemies. 

18. The American Fair. 

19. The Girls we left behind us. 

Volunteers. 

Patriotism, Benevolence and Philanthropy — The funda- 
mental principles of our Institution — we will steadfastly ad- 
here to them, undaunted by the invidious calumnies of aristo- 
cracy, and the insolent impertinence of pride and folly. 

By the Vice-President. 
The man who dared to be honest in the worst of times. 

By the Grand Sachem of the Tammany Society. 
The Hibernian Provident Society of the city of New- York 
— May the lights of philanthropy, urbanity and generosity, 
(characteristic of the institution) illumine with increasing re- 
fulgence the sphere in which they move. 

By a member of Tammany. 
That little Island in the Western Ocean, called Erin, or 
Patrick's Potatoe Garden — Patrick expelled the four-legged 
venomous repetiles which infected it at that day — May his 
sons soon extinguish the swarm of two-legged ones, which 
are preying on its vitals, from a neighboring island. 

By Doctor Mac Neven. 
General Gates — The able commander, the humane con- 
queror, and undeviating Republican. 



I2 2 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

The Society had a card in " The Republican Watch 
Tower," March 17, 1807, which read as follows: 

Hibernian Provident Society. 

The Members are hereby informed, that the Anniversary 
Meeting will be held at the Union Hotel, 68 William street, 
on Tuesday Evening the 17th instant, at half past 6 o'clock. 

Tickets for the members and other Republican friends, to 
be had at the bar of the Hotel, or from the Committee of 
Arrangement. 

Supper on the table at 8 o'clock. 

James Mullany, Sec'y. 

In the " Morning Chronicle " of the next day, and also in 
the " Watch Tower " of March 20, we are told that : 



On the 17th instant the Hibernian Provident Society met 
at the Union Hotel, and celebrated the anniversary of their 
institution with their usual festivity — when the following 
toasts were drank. 

1. The memory of St. Patrick — May his virtues — his 
patriotism — his benevolence — his worth — ever be held in 
sacred estimation. 

2. The land of our nativity — 

There may domestic strife, 
And foreign thraldom cease, 
And liberty the zest of life, 
Give comfort, joy and peace. 

3. The land of our adoption — 

Where the Genius of Liberty dwells, 
And the spirit of freedom holds sway, 

Where the radiance of reason dispels 
The mists that obscure her bright day. 

4. The American People — Brave in adversity — in pros- 
perity the admiration of the world. 

5. The memory of the virtuous patriots who fell for Ire- 
land, preferring the sacrifice of life to the endurance of 
despotism. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 1 23 

6. The memory of the illustrious " rebels " who estab- 
lished America's liberty and independence. 

When the mem'ry of high titled ruffians shall cease 

Or meet their desert — execration — 
Your deeds and your virtues shall still hold their place, 

In the hearts of a free — grateful nation. 

7. Thomas Jefferson — The friend of mankind — the un- 
shaken patriot, and uniform republican. 

8. George Clinton — Firm amidst the storms of faction and 
conflicts of party. 

9. Daniel D. Tompkins — His virtue, talents and integrity 
claim our confidence, and entitle him to our support. 

10. John Broome — Tried and found faithful. 

11. Thomas Farmar. 

12. The Press — Dreaded by knaves — unf eared by upright 
men — the friend of truth and the guardian of liberty. 

13. Those who hate liberty in America and those who 
sigh for it in Europe — May they soon meet half seas over. 

14. The Militia — That cheap and best defense of the 
nation. 

15. Representative Government — May slavish tories and 
apostate whigs who complain of imported republicans have 
more cause of grief from the zealous support given it by 
adopted citizens. 

16. The Harp of Erin, decorated with the Shamrock, and 
the cap of liberty substituted for the crown. 

17. Shelah. 

18. The American Fair — May they never receive into their 
arms those who do not duly appreciate public rights and 
domestic duties. 

Among many excellent volunteer toasts we notice the 
following : 

By the Grand Sachem of the Tammany Society. 

The Hibernian Provident Society of the City of New York 
— May their distinguished characteristics, benevolence, phil- 



I2 4 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 

anthropy, and patriotism be ever revered by the sons of 
Columbia. 

By Doctor Mitchell. 
The Hibernian Provident Society — Long may it continue 
to teach the stranger how to be at home, and to gladden the 
heart of the afflicted. 

By George Clinton, jun. Esq. 
The Republican Irish who have sought an asylum in this 
country from persecution — We hail them as brothers — No 
alien law. 

By Pierre C. Van Wyck, Esq. 
The Irish Nation — Brave in war — generous in peace, and 
great in nobility of the heart. 

By the President. 
The Tammany Society — As it has commenced, so may it 
progress in the support of genuine republicanism — and the 
only strife between it and our society be which will be the 
most aiding in that honorable pursuit. 

By a Member. 
A Polish dance to the United Irishmen, and a Jena rout 
to their enemies. 



CHAPTER XII. 

The Hibernian Provident Society (Continued) — Pecuniary Aid ex- 
tended Members in Need of Such — St. Patrick's Day Celebrations by the 
Society in 1808, 1809, and 1810 — A Toast to " The Heroes of '76 " — Fes- 
tivities Held at the Union Hotel in New York City — Some Details of the 
Observances. 

Continuing to note the career of the Hibernian Provident 
Society, we find in the " Public Advertiser " (N.Y.), March, 
1808, this notice, which is self-explanatory: 

" In pursuance of a resolution of the Hibernian Provident 
Society, the standing committee thereof will attend at Robert 
Swanton's Office, 44 Cherry-street, from 7 to 8 o'clock, 
on the evenings of Monday and Thursday next, and on the 
evening of each succeeding Monday, until the 17th of March, 
for the purpose of receiving applications from such of the 
Members as are in need of pecuniary aid, in consequence 
of sickness or of being out of employ. 

" Note — Mr. Thomas Foote, No. 219 Greenwich-street, 
and Mr. Alexander M'Beth, No. 18 Orchard-street, will re- 
ceive applications every day." 

The New York City Directory, 1808, gives the officers 
of the Society as Robert Swanton, president; John McKinley 
first vice president; Alexander M'Beth, second vice presi- 
dent; James Hayes, treasurer; Ignatius Redmond, secretary; 
Henry Eagle, assistant; Robert Moore, Dennis H. Doyle, 
Cornelius Heeny, Thomas Foote, Doctor Morton, George 
White, and John Craig, standing committee. 

In the "Public Advertiser" (N. Y.), March 1, 1808 
appeared this card: 



I2 6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



Hibernian Provident Society. 

A regular meeting of the H. P. S. will be held on Thurs- 
day evening next, at the Union Hotel, No. 68 William 
Street. The members are requested to attend early for the 
purpose of electing officers for the ensuing year, and other 
business of importance. 

Ign. Redmond. 

In its issue of March 18, 1808, the " Advertiser " makes 
this report of the celebration : 

Hibernian Provident Society. 

Yesterday the Hibernian Provident Society met at Mar- 
tin's Union Hotel, according to the annual custom, and 
after partaking of a plenteous feast, with liberal libations, 
they drank the following Toasts, interspersed with some 
excellent and original Songs, and the united harmony of 
congenial minds: 

1. The Day — May the virtues of Saint Patrick ever regu- 
late our mirth and govern our conduct. 

2. Ireland — A recollection of her past and a knowl- 
edge of her present sufferings will operate on us as a lasting 
memento of the blessed effects of British amity — " Erin go 
Bragh." 

3. The United States — Enabled by her internal resources 
to maintain her independence, and rank as a nation, with- 
out the European resort of fraud — bloodshed — tyranny, 
and floating engines of destruction and death — " Hail 
Columbia." 

4. The memory of all who have devoted their talents or 
sacrificed their lives in the cause of liberty — " Wallace." 

5. The American People — Firm amidst the injustice of 
foreign aggression, the infamous designs of domestic traitors, 
the croakings of unprincipled speculators, and the howlings 
of intriguing tories. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 127 

6. Democratic Representative Government — Founded in 
right, supported by justice and truth, its adherents will stand 
steadfast and immovable in the principles that uphold it, 
looking to measures without being led or misled by men — 
" Huzza brave Americans." 

7. Thomas Jefferson — High in the confidence of his coun- 
try, and deservedly beloved by his fellow-citizens — his volun- 
tary retirement from public life (although a loss) will be an 
illustrious example to posterity. 

8. George Clinton — The upright and enlightened states- 
man — the brave soldier — and the faithful and virtuous citizen 
— " Jefferson and Clinton." 

9. Union — The rock of republican safety. 

10. The Congress of the United States — Embargo and 
non-intercourse with the nations who are insensible to the 
advantages of our commerce, if they do not already feel it, 
their wants will soon pinch them to a sense of justice. — 
" Liberty Tree." 

11. Daniel D. Tompkins, Governor of the State of New 
York — May he ever continue to deserve the support of his 
fellow-citizens — " Shanboy." 

12. John Broome, Lieutenant Governor — We know his 
virtues and appreciate them. 

13. Adopted Citizens — With native hearts, attached to the 
principles upon which our political institutions are founded, 
and those natives with foreign predilections who are opposed 
to them — may both be where they ought to be — " A man's 
a man for a' that." 

14. The Ocean — Free to all nations, a speedy and uni- 
versal exclusion from the land to the piratical tyrants of the 
seas. 

15. Domestic Manufacturers — May the example of Mary- 
land stimulate* every State in the Union, and convince the 
Europeans we can supply ourselves — " America, Commerce 
and Freedom." 

16. The Tammany Society of New York — Persevering in 
republicanism, the unburied bones of the victims of British 



128 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

tyranny will bear an honorable and lasting testimony of their 
undeviating patriotism — " Patrick and Tammany." 

17. The Fair of Columbia — Their patriotism will enforce 
an everlasting embargo, and perpetual non-intercourse with 
the enemies of their country. 

Volunteers. 

By the Recorder: The Hibernian Provident Society — 
May heaven smile propitious on the exertions of those whose 
attachment for each other was awakened by an enthusiasm 
for liberty, and cemented by the sympathy of suffering; and 
may they present in this their adopted country, an eternal 
barrier to the advances of tyranny and oppression. 

By the Attorney General: Your adopted Country — In 
peace may she protect the oppressed; in war may her stand- 
ard be to the brave who fight under it a certificate of natura- 
lization. 



On St. Patrick's Day, 1809, the Hibernian Provident 
Society " met as usual " to celebrate the anniversary. After 
a business session the members " sat down to a supper pro- 
vided for the occasion." Later toasts were drank " inter- 
spersed with patriotic, social and sentimental songs." The 
" Public Advertiser," March 18, that year, had this account 
of the event : 



St. Patrick's Day. 



The Hibernian Provident Society having met as usual 
to celebrate their anniversary, after performing the necessary 
business of the society, sat down to a supper provided for the 
occasion by Mr. S. Martin. After the cloth was removed, 
the following toasts were drank, interspersed with patriotic, 
social and sentimental songs: 

1. The day we celebrate — On its next return may all the 
children of St. Patrick be as free and as happy as we are. — 
" Patrick's Day." 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 129 

2. The land we live in — The injustice of foreign powers 
tho' aided by internal traitors, cannot divert genuine republi- 
cans from the preservation of its integrity, independence and 
liberties — " Hail Columbia." 

3. The land we left — It has been long in bondage, the day 
of retribution will come — " Erin Go Bragh." 

4. Thomas Jefferson — Although he is no longer at the 
head, he will be forever in the hearts of the American people. 
— 17 cheers — " Jefferson and Liberty." 

5. James Madison, President of the United States — An 
experienced pilot, appointed to the helm in a stormy season, 
he deserves, and will receive the support of all hands — 9 
cheers. 

6. George Clinton, Vice President of the United States — 
The veteran in war and politics, he has long and faithfully 
served his country, and enjoys the highest reward to a 
patriot's mind, the esteem and confidence of his fellow 
citizens. — 9 cheers. 

7. Daniel D. Tompkins, Governor of the State of New 
York — Faithful in the discharge of his duty — 6 cheers. 
Song, " Long Life and Success to the Farmer." 

8. John Broome, Lieutenant Governor — Hoary in the 
service of his country, and firm in the path of political 
rectitude — 6 cheers. — Song, " A man's a man for a' that." 

9. Levi Lincoln and the republicans of the eastern States — 
Their honest exertions to defeat the attempts of tories and 
British hirelings to sever the union, assure to them the ap- 
probation and support of their country. 17 cheers — song, 
" Yankee Doodle." 

10. Self government — The pride and glory of civilized 
man, may every exertion for its attainment or preservation, 
be crowned with success. 9 cheers. 

11. The State of New York, strong in republican vigor 
and correct principle — May its voice be distinctly heard, and 
silence the din of faction — 6 cheers. Song, " The Din of 
Fools Can ne'er Distract us." 

12. The Heroes of 'j6 — May those who enjoy the bless- 

9 



13© 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



ings they bled for, have courage to preserve them or die in 
their defence. Song, " The War Worn Soldier." 

13. The Militia of the United States — The constitutional 
bulwark of a free country — 9 cheers. Song, " My Country 
Calls." 

14. The freedom of the Seas — The common right of all 
nations, daringly and unjustly violated by belligerent aggres- 
sions — 9 cheers. Song, "No Tribute We'll Pay." 

15. Agriculture and Manufactures, and Commerce their 
handmaid — 9 cheers. Song, " America, Commerce and 
Freedom." 

16. The friends of freedom, in every country and every 
clime — 3 cheers. Song, " Hail ye Friends of Liberty ! " 

17. The Fair, man's best friend, his most pleasing com- 
panion, his cushla-ugh-chree. Song, " Cush.la machree." 

Volunteers. 

By the Rev. Mr. Birch — The friends of liberty, concentra- 
ted in America, have convulsed the thrones of despotism — 
May their bright example banish superstitition and religious 
tyranny out of the world, and perfect a general reformation. 

By R. Riker, Esq. — The sons of Erin, steadfast to Am- 
erica, in the hour of danger — May they be affectionately re- 
membered in the day of prosperity. 

By a member — The straight line of political conduct — 
The true road to lasting reputation, best preserved by keep- 
ing impostors and apostates at a proper distance. 

By a member. — Correct principle — may it never be super- 
ceded by expediency. 

By a member. — Political integrity, with which the glory 
and independence — the degradation and slavery of nations 
are inseparably connected. 

By a member. — The memory of the Irish heroes whose 
lives were sacrificed on the altar of British tyranny in the 
glorious, though unsuccessful attempt to free their country. 
That we will cherish their memory, in hopes their spirits, 
exalted by their virtues to a seat of bliss, will yet with com- 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



!3I 



placency view their country enjoying that liberty for which 
they became martyrs. 

In the "Public Advertiser," March 16, 1810, is found this 
notice : 

Hibernian Provident Society. 

Will celebrate the anniversary of their institution, on the 
17th inst., at the Union Hotel, No. 68 William street, each 
member is at liberty to invite one or more republican friends. 
Supper on the table precisely at 8 o'clock, P. M. By order of 
the committee of arrangement : 

N.B. Tickets to be had at the bar. 

%*The members of the Society will meet at 6 o'clock, in 
order to perform the ordinary business, as also to adopt the 
constitution as revised. Punctual attendance is requested. 

By order of the President, 

G. Charles Herford, Sec'ry. 

In its issue of March 20, 1810, the "Public Advertiser," 
speaking of this celebration says that "St. Patrick's Day was 
celebrated by the Hibernian Provident Society with that sin- 
cerity and liberality which almost proverbially distinguish 
the Irishman. The sentiments expressed in their toasts are 
truly congenial with those of the American people. What a 
contrast does such a meeting present, when compared with 
that at the Tontine Coffee House, where Jackson was in- 
vited, and where the British crown on their flag was waving 
the whole day, an object of worship with them, but of 
execration to true Americans and their adopted brothers." 

In the same issue of the "Advertiser," March 20, is a com- 
munication giving, in detail, an account of the observance. 
It reads as follows : 



Communication. 

Hibernian Provident 

Society. 

Having met as usual to celebrate the anniversary of their 
institution, after performing the ordinary business of the 



132 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



society, sat down (with a number of their republican fellow 
citizens, who came to enjoy that convivial hospitality which 
their festive board ever evinces) to an excellent supper pre- 
pared for the occasion; to which the cheerful countenance 
and philanthropy of every individual, gave additional zest. 
The cloth being removed, the following toasts were drank, 
accompanied with appropriate songs. 

ist. " The Saint of Shillelah " — We regret that the social 
festivity of his day is abused by the orgies of tories, and 
that any sons of St. Patrick disgrace his memory and insult 
the American people by the insolent display of a British 
Crown (3 cheers) — Song, " Patrick's Day." 

2d. Ireland — A perusal of her martyrology, the best evi- 
dence of British tyranny. Song, " Erin Go Bragh." 

3d. The United States — A country dear to freedom, to 
freemen dear, possessing inexhaustible resources in the in- 
dustry and patriotism of her citizens, she will neither submit 
to the cupidity of British orders, nor the despotism of French 
decrees (9 cheers) — Song, " Hail America! " 

4. The People of the United States — Great in the morn of 
political existence their increased and increasing energies 
will surmount every difficulty — and finally consummate their 
glorious destiny. (17 cheers) — Song, " Far from a World of 
Tyrants." 

5. The memory of the martyrs for Irish freedom — 
" Heroes fired with the soul of Erin — Alas ! closed are their 
eyes in the narrow house, careless of the beams of the morn- 
ing, their deeds are untold, for silent are the bards, and the 
high sounding harp of their fathers is mute. Sons of the 
bards awake — raise the echoing song, strike ten thousand 
strings, if there is aught of music in the harp pour it on the 
memory of the brave." 

6. The memory of the heroes who fell in the establish- 
ment of American independence, engraven on the hearts of 
republicans it will descend through future ages — and their 
fame be lasting as the republic. Song, " Death of Warren." 

7. Thomas Jefferson — A luminary which rose and shone 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



I 33 



in his own political hemisphere by the effulgence of intrinsic 
virtue. (17 cheers) — Song, "An Honest Man is Chief o' 
Men." 

8. The President and Vice-President of the United States. 
(9 cheers) — Song, "Give us the Men whose Dauntless Souls." 

9. The State of New York — Disgraced by faction, dis- 
tracted by ambitious intriguers and their satellites — principle 
will yet prevail and restore the state to its former standing. 
(9 cheers) — " No Placeman I Am." 

10. Harmony — Resulting from principle and upright in- 
tention — best preserved by keeping apostasy and intriguers 
at a distance. (3 cheers) — Song, " Unite and be Free." 

11. The Governor of the State of New York — His reply 
to the assembly assures him the suffrage of every elector who 
feels as an American. (6 cheers) — Song, " Long Life and 
Success to the Farmer." 

12. The Lieutenant-Governor of the State of New York — 
Uncontaminated by faction. (6 cheers) — Song, " O'er Fac- 
tion's Rude Billows Triumphant we'll Ride." 

13. Agriculture, Manufactures and Commerce. (9 cheers) 

14. British partizans and apologists, and those unprinci- 
pled federalists and factionists, joined in accord and concord 
with them — We care not by what cord traitors hang to- 
gether provided it is strong enough. Song, " The Sheep 
Stealers." 

15. The Harp of Erin — Tuned to freedom, it will cease to 
be played on by a British band. (9 cheers) — Song, " Dear 
Erin how sweetly Thy Green Bosom Rises." 

16. Rogues of all parties — Whose professions of patriot- 
ism are only for office. The ins out, and the outs kept out. 
Song, " Vicar of Bray." 

17. The Fair — " What signifies the life o' man, an' 'twere 
na for the lasses o." Song, " Green Grow the Rushes O." 

Volunteers. 

By the President — Our republican fellow citizens who 
have been misled. May their ears be closed against the 



J 34 



EARL Y CELEB R A TIONS OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA V 



specious pretexts and addresses of all unprincipled and 
designing men. 

By the Vice President — A union of sentiment among re- 
publicans — May they rally round the standard of their coun- 
try, and treat the time-serving sycophants who would 
attempt to distract or divide them, with that contempt which 
they merit. 

By Mr. Braxton — Ireland, the right arm of Britain — 
May it always have nerve to resist oppression, and may it 
always be lifted in the cause of emancipation and self-govern- 
ment. 

By Captain Suett — The Harp of Ireland. It may be un- 
tuned by the hand of oppression but may it never cease to 
play the song of liberty and independence. 

The Sons of Erin — May the liberality of their hearts never 
be dampt by the poverty of their pockets. 

The United States of America — May they never be Co- 
penhagened. 

The Army of the United States — Possessing the spirit and 
fortitude of patriotism and independence, they will ever 
maintain the rights of their country. 

The Irish Harp — Mournful are its sounds among the hills. 
It groans under the weight of a foreign crown. Soon may 
it be relieved from its oppressive burthen; soon may Ireland 
" take her place among the nations of the earth." 



CHAPTER XIII. 

The Hibernian Provident Society (Continued) — Observances by the 
Organization in 1811, 1812, 1813, and other Years — Sentiments by Major 
McClure, Capt. M'Keon, Capt. Ogilvie, and a Number of Others — A Toast 
to " the Twelfth Congress of the United States " and one to " American 
Tars " — Other Patriotic Sentiments. 

Under the head of " Hibernian Provident Society," the 
"Public Advertiser" of March 20, 181 1, has the following 
detailed report of the event that year : 

" The anniversary of this Patriotic and Benevolent Institu- 
tion, was celebrated on the 18th inst. at the Union Hotel. 
After transacting the ordinary business of the evening, the 
Members, with a number of Republican friends, sat down 
to an excellent supper prepared for the occasion. The fol- 
lowing toasts, interspersed with sentimental and patriotic 
songs, added a high zest to the conviviality of the even- 
kg." 

Then follow the toasts, viz : 

1. The day we celebrate — May every returning Anniver- 
sary, find us united in friendship, and firm in political 
integrity. 

2. The Land we left — Suffering under the scourge of Tyr- 
anny — A practical comment on the pernicious effect of a 
Minority ruling the Majority. 

3. The Land we live in — The land of liberty, where the 
public will must become the public law. 

4. The People of the United States — Their rights well 
understood, will preserve them from every species of aris- 
tocracy — And their energies properly directed, secure them 
from foreign aggression. 



136 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



5. Public Confidence — Extended to all who really deserve 
it — withheld from those who do not. 

6. Principle — Founded on Right — Supported by Truth, 
and guided by Reason — Evinced by Practice, which outlives 
the clamours of Faction, and stands the test of Time. 

7. The memory of the brave and generous men, who sac- 
rificed their lives in the late noble, but alas ! unsuccessful 
attempt to emancipate Ireland. 

8. The memory of Washington, and the other departed 
sages and heroes of the Revolution. 

9. Thomas Jefferson — A rare example to his contempo- 
raries and to posterity — A public character who continued 
the same, in and out of office. 

10. The President, Vice-President, and constituted au- 
thorities of the Union. 

11. The 1 2th Congress of the United-States — More de- 
cision, and less procrastination than the 10th and nth. 

12. The independent members of both houses of Con- 
gress, who put down that Hydra of Toryism, the Anglo- 
United-States-Bank — They all deserve well of the Republic 
especially the venerable Patriot and Veteran who, when it 
hung in awful suspense, gave the finishing blow which con- 
signed the monster to oblivion. 

13. The State of New York — May the proposed Conven- 
tion extirpate the remains of aristocracy, undue influence, 
and colonial degradation, which still disgrace its political 
code — correct all defects — reform every abuse, and insure 
lasting harmony to the people. 

14. The Republicans of the City and County of New 
York — Samsons yet unshorn, who so effectually aided the 
overthrow of British influence and federal delusion in 1800, 
and have since been the first to resist every faction which 
dared to raise its head — Animated by the same spirit and 
principle, their importance ought to be duly appreciated by 
their brethren of the state and of the union. 

15. Integrity and Intelligence — Pillars of public virtue — 
Antidotes to political imposture and intrigue. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 137 

16. Office-Hunters and Office-Holders who only profess 
Republicanism for selfish ends, and growl when disappointed 
— A speedy translation of them to the federal ranks. 

17. Agriculture, Manufactures and Commerce — If Euro- 
pean injustice and rapacity have diminished the one, Amer- 
ican patriotism and industry have increased the others. 

18. The Fair who adorn the Land — " Sweet as the breath 
of morn — Soft as Summer showers — As Autumn mild — 
Soothing and solacing man through life's revolving seasons." 

Volunteers. 
By Major M'Clure. 
Independent Legislators — May our next Representatives 
legislate for the people — not negotiate for themselves. 

By Mr. Fellows. 
Joel Barlow — Our minister to France. 
By Mr. A. M'Bath. 
Henry Rutgers — The true Patriot — The Widow and Or- 
phan's friend. 

By a Visitor. 

May no power exist unless derived from the people, and 
exercised for their benefit. 

By Mr. Morton. 
Public opinion — It may be led but cannot be driven — 
May it always command respect and obedience. 

By a Member. 

" Political Leaders " — May that Anti-Republican phrase 
be forever expunged from the vocabulary of freemen. 

Many excellent Volunteers are omitted owing to the gen- 
tlemen who gave them, not having committed them to paper. 



The toasts at the banquet of the Hibernian Society, in 
honor of St. Patrick's Day, 181 2, included * 

The Day. While it awakens recollections dear to our na- 
* From " The Shamrock," April, 1812. 



i38 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



tive land, it should excite to the paramount duties we owe 
to the country of our choice. 

The People of the United States. One voice in council, 
one arm to strike. 

Ireland. A total separation from Britain, the sure mode 
of emancipation; repeal of partial grievances only retards 
her independence. 

Public Spirit — Steeled with firmness, tempered with jus- 
tice, loving peace without fearing war. 

The lamp of patriotism — Extinguished only with the lamp 
of life. 

Education — Parent of Virtue, Nurse of Science, and Germ 
of Patriotism, the sentinel, benefactor and guardian of the 
republic. 

Principle — A speedy arrival to the day when it will not be 
bartered for office. 

The " Western Star and Harp of Erin," March 20, 1813, 
contains a detailed account of a celebration that year and 
gives a list of the toasts presented. The paper mentioned 
tells us that the 



New York 

Hibernian Provident Society 

Celebrated the anniversary (as usual) on the 17th inst., 
at the Union Hotel, when the following toasts were 
drank : 

1. The Day — devoted to sympathetic recollections, and 
patriotic feelings. 

2. The United States of America — great, enlightened and 
free — possessing energy and resources adequate in every 
crisis. 

3. The People of the United States — though agitated by 
interna) fires — like iEtna — they will hurl destruction on 
every external foe. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 139 

4. War, vigorous War! — till the Nation's Wrongs are 
avenged, the Country's Rights secured — Then, three cheers 
for peace. 

5. Ireland — ill-fated Country — doomed to fight the bat- 
tles of her own oppressors. 

6. James Madison, re-elected President — the undivided 
choice of the Republicans of the Union. 

7. Elbridge Gerry, Vice-President — a steady luminary in 
a cloudy atmosphere. 

8. The Public Mind — invigorated by information — ani- 
mated by the consciousness of what is due to itself. 

9. Thomas Jefferson — a guide and example for the real 
Patriot and faithful Citizen. 

10. True Ambition — that of serving the Republic — op- 
posed to the ambition of individuals. 

11. Principle, and her uniform Adherents — by whom de- 
ceitful leaders — and their pliant tools — are detested. 

12. Daniel D. Tompkins — Governor of the State of New 
York — his exertions in aid of the General Government merit 
the confidence of his country, and our united support. 

13. Our Army — " The presaging flashes of heroic enter- 
prize already displayed, ensure its future triumphs " — and 
ultimate renown. 

14. American Tars — Sons of Neptune, armed with the 
thunder of Jove. 

15. The Rights of the Nation — better understood — the 
Duties of the Citizen better practised. 

16. The Republicans of the State of New York — discern- 
ment to distinguish Patriotism from Selfishness — the interest 
of the Public from the designs of Faction. 

17. Tories — Old and New — Native or Exotic — Marshal's 
passports — time, three seconds ; destination, " the fast- 
anchored isle." 

18. Licensed Trade with the Enemy — " the friends of 
Great Britain in America," and the friends of America in 
Great Britain — exchanged at par. 

19. The Fair — In war, our comfort — in peace, our joy. 



i 4 o EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

Volunteers. 

By the President — The Tammany Society of New York — 
opposing the seductive arts of Faction, and supporting the 
great chain of National Union. 

By the Vice-President — The Republicans of South Am- 
erica, speedily emancipated from European domination. 

By Mr. Wheaton — " Erin, — sweetest isle of the Ocean ! " 
— May she soon be free from the fast-anchor'd Isle. 

By Mr. Broome — Retaliation ! — May its law be the JEgis 
which shall protect all who fight under our banners. 

By Capt. Ogilvie — May the avenging sword of Justice 
remain unsheathed, until our just rights are duly ac- 
knowledged. 

By Capt. M'Keon — Sackett's Harbour — a harbour for 
British prisoners. 



In "The Columbian," March 16, 1815, it was announced 
that " The Hibernian Provident Society will celebrate the 
anniversary of the institution as usual, at Mr. Sagar's, corner 
of Nassau and Little George streets, Friday evening, 17th 
inst. Supper on the table at 8 o'clock. The members will 
introduce their Republican friends. Tickets at the bar. By 
order of the Committee of Arrangements. 

David Bryson, Sec'ry." 

In the same paper, on March 16, 1816, appeared this an- 
nouncement : 

Hibernian Provident Society. 

The Hibernian Provident Society will celebrate the ensu- 
ing anniversary of St. Patrick on Monday evening, the 18th 
inst., at Connolly's Hotel, corner of Nassau and George 
streets. The members are at liberty to invite their Republi- 
can friends. 

By order of the Committee. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



141 



N.B. In consequence of the Ward Meetings being held 
on Monday Evening, the Society will not meet until half- 
past 8 o'clock. 

In its report of this celebration, " The Columbian," March 
21, 1816, informs us that: 



The Hibernian Provident Society 

Celebrated their anniversary, as usual, on the 18th inst. 
when the following toasts were drunk : 

The Day — One to St. Patrick — three-hundred and sixty- 
five for our country. 

Self-government — The magna charta of freemen. 

Our Country — The rights of man the element of her ex- 
istence — his happiness her glory. 

The People — Great without ostentation — noble without 
nobility. 

Union of the States — A gordian knot, which treason failed 
to cut, and faction to untie. 

The Republican Phalanx — Vulnerable only by disunion. 

The President of the United States. 

The Army — T,heir laurels cherished — their services re- 
warded. 

Our Seamen — The theatre of their glory is boundless as 
the ocean. 

Thomas Jefferson — A name, embodied with our national 
existence- — lasting as its duration. 

Science — The partizan of no country — the beneficent pa- 
troness of all. 

The Hartford Convention — " The mountain in labor, that 
brought forth a mouse." 

The Patriots of South America — When freed from pre- 
judice tyranny expires. 

The Liberty of Europe — " A cant phrase, invented by 
knaves, and made current among fools." 

Industry — " Put thy shoulder to the wheel, then call upon 
Hercules." 



1 42 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

Hospitality — Open doors and open hearts to every child 
of misfortune. 

Ireland — The genius which should have elevated her des- 
tiny has rivetted her chains — Silent be the harp, till better 
men and better times awake its strings to freedom. 

Ups and downs of life — The honest down up, the roguish 
up down. 

The Fair — " Diffusing smiles that soften every thought, 
and tune to sighs of love each passing gale." 



The following statement which appears in " The Colum- 
bian," March 19, 181 7, possesses some measure of interest 
as a curiosity of the time. It seems to indicate a slight rip- 
ple on the surface, — a political ripple: 

Manoeuvring; or " Much ado about Nothing." 

The public and usual notice of the annual celebration and 
transactions, was not given to the Hibernian P. Society on 
the last anniversary : but private circulars were sent round — 
to how many we do not know. When convened, the follow- 
ing resolve was somehow or other palmed on a pliant 
meeting: 

" Hibernian Provident Society. At the annual meeting 
of the society, on the 17th instant, the following resolution 
was adopted unanimously, and ordered for publication in 
the ' National Advocate,' the ' Mercantile Advertiser,' and 
the ' Columbian.' 

An unauthorized statement of the last election for officers 
of this society, having appeared in the ' Columbian ' of the 
7th instant, accompanied by some unfounded, and illiberal in- 
sinuations against the character of Mr. Cornelius Heeney, 
a worthy and respectable member of this society — Therefore 

Resolved, That we retain undiminished confidence in the 
political integrity and private worth of Mr. Heeney — and 
that his zeal and fidelity in representing the sentiments — the 
wishes — and the interests of his constituents in the legisla- 
ture — justly merit, and receive, the cordial approbation of 
this society. By order of the society. 

David Bryson ) c , . „ 
,,. * J \ Secretaries. 
Wm. Cox 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 143 

To this, " The Columbian," presumably by its editor, 
thus made reply: 

Remarks on these False and Foolish Resolutions. 

When the Secretary called at this office yesterday, I turned 
to the files of the " Columbian " and read the statement of 
the election, which they admitted to be correct. What then 
is the object of the resolution? To make a false impression 
on the public. Why did they not point out " unfounded and 
illiberal insinuation ? " Because they could not find them. 
The " private worth " of Cornelius Heaney was never ques- 
tioned : but his political integrity or wisdom is quite another 
thing. His vote on the election law is at variance with the 
judgment of every sane man in New York. The only excuse 
we can find for that vote is that he saw the constitution, 
under the influence of terror; — that he dreaded the denunci- 
ation of the junta who disgrace this city, and looked at ob- 
jects through the medium of fear. 

This manoeuvre was intended to gain a little of what was 
lost at the 4th ward meeting; and may be regarded as a 
species of smuggling. It is really " much ado about 
nothing ;" because our brief statement and remarks are true. 
Capt. M'Keon, a Clintonian, was elected — Mr. Heaney an 
anti-Clintonian, was rejected. 

But D. Bryson, &c. retain their confidence in Mr. H's 
political integrity! — That may be; though the Republicans 
of New York think very differently. 

Finally, nobody denies Mr. Heeney's " private worth " 
and generosity; but every body will ask, why the cunning 
Mr. Bryson & Co. pretend to defend what was never im- 
peached ? 

The political ripple seems to have continued to disturb the 
surface for some time, for in " The Columbian," of March 21, 
181 7, we find this statement: 

More of the Hibernian Provident Society. 

It has been usual for the members of this society to dine 
together on St. Patrick's Day, in order to celebrate the anni- 
versary of their institution. This practice, we believe, had 
never been deviated from till after Capt. McKeon's election 
to the presidency on the first Thursday of the present month, 



144 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



when some of the gentlemen who had managed the affairs 
of that society for some years back, in consequence of the 
secession of several others who retired in disgust, now find- 
ing, contrary to their expectation, that the sceptre had de- 
parted from the legitimate junta, and that their occupation 
was gone, immediately on the result of the election being 
announced, retreated from the room in high dudgeon; and 
one of the officers would not even condescend to give a civil 
answer to a proposition of the president-elect to make pre- 
parations for the celebration of the ensuing anniversary. 

We have shown that the resolution has no foundation in 
fact or truth, and dismiss it to the shades of contempt, with 
other ephemeral pieces of artifice. 



1 

On Thursday evening, March 2, 1820, the Hibernian 
Provident Society elected these officers: — 

William Cox, President. 

William Donovan, 1st Vice-President. 

James J. M'Donnell, 2d Vice-President. 

Garit Byrne, Treasurer. 

David Bryson, Thomas S. Brady, Secretaries. 

Dr. Cuming, Robert Swanton, Stephen White, Andrew 
Dooley, Standing Committee. 

James Hays, Walter Morton, Dr. Getty, John Morrison, 
Corresponding Committee. 

The organization celebrated St. Patrick's Day, in 1820, 
at St. John's Hall, Frankfort-street, New York, the notice 
therefor reading as follows : 

Hibernian Provident Society. 

The Society will celebrate the Anniversary of their Insti- 
tution at St. John's Hall, Frankfort-street, on Friday next, 
the 17th inst. The members are at liberty to introduce their 
Republican friends. Supper on the table at 7 o'clock P.M. 
Tickets at the bar. 

By order of the Committee of Arrangements. 

David Bryson, Sec'ry. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

Constitution of the Hibernian Provident Society, of New York, as 
Adopted on St. Patrick's Day, 1802 — Reproduction of an Interesting Old 
Pamphlet comprising same — " Persons of whatever Country " Eligible 
to Membership in the Organization — Allegiance to the National and State 
Constitutions explicitly required of all Members. 

Just 100 years have passed since the Hibernian Prov- 
ident Society, of New York, adopted a constitution for the 
government of the organization. This was done on St. 
Patrick's Day, 1802. Robert Swanton was then president of 
the Society, and David Bryson, secretary. A pamphlet com- 
prising this constitution is now in the possession of the New 
York Historical Society. From that source the instrument 
is here reproduced. 



Constitution 

of the 

Hibernian Provident Society 

of 
New York. 

Whereas many Irishmen are forced by persecution, and 
the oppression of a tyrannic government to seek an asylum 
in the United States, and whereas emigrants on their ar- 
rival in this country, are in many instances, subjected to 
inconveniences, and compelled to contend with difficulties, 
which information with respect to the pursuits most likely 
to afford success, would frequently prevent. Therefore 
we whose names are written in the roll or book hereunto 



I4 6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

annexed, in order in some degree to obviate inconveniences 
occasioned by want of such information, and for the purpose 
of affording relief to such emigrants; but more especially to 
such members of this institution, and their families, as may 
by sickness, be reduced to indigence, have associated our- 
selves by the style and title of The Hibernian Provident So- 
ciety of New York, and have agreed to and adopted the fol- 
lowing Rules for our government: 

Article I. 

Persons of whatever Country, being Democratic Repub- 
licans, and of good moral characters, may be admitted mem- 
bers of this institution : Provided, however, that no Irishman, 
who has willingly aided in continuing the dominion of Great- 
Britain over Ireland, shall be admitted. And if, at any time, 
it shall be discovered, that a member, being an Irishman, 
aided in continuing such dominion, he shall be forthwith 
expelled. 

Article II. 

A Candidate in order to obtain admission into this society, 
shall be proposed by a member, and seconded by another, 
both of whom shall declare, that they know the candidate, 
and that his character, in every respect, comports with the 
requisites made necessary by the preceding article. A 
committee shall then be named by the presiding member, for 
the purpose of enquiring into the character of such candi- 
date, who, or a majority of whom, shall report the result of 
their enquiries at some subsequent meeting; if their report 
be favorable, the society may proceed to ballot; and if it 
appear as the result thereof, that seven eighths of the mem- 
bers present be in favor of admission, the President shall 
declare him duly admitted on making the following declar- 
ation, viz. I do solemnly declare that I do approve 

of the political principles on which the Federal Compact 
or Constitution of the United States, and that of the State 
of New York are founded, and that I will to the utmost of 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



T 47 



my power support the same; and (if an Irishman) that I 
never willingly aided in continuing the dominion of Great- 
Britain over Ireland. 

Article III, 

Annual meetings of this society shall be held on the 17th 
of March in each year during its continuance, for the pur- 
pose of electing a President, first and second Vice-Presidents, 
Secretary, Assistant Secretary, and Treasurer, who shall hold 
their offices for one year; and whose respective duties are 
hereinafter mentioned; other meetings of this society shall 
be held on the first Thursday of every month, for the purpose 
of transacting the business thereof, and collecting the 
monthly contributions of the members. 

Article IV. 

This society at its annual and monthly meetings, shall 
have power, subject to the restrictions hereinafter provided, 
to alter and amend this constitution, to make bye-laws, or 
temporary regulations, to appropriate and dispose of its 
funds, to hear and examine all charges of irregular or im- 
proper conduct, which may be exhibited against officers or 
other members thereof, and on conviction, to reprove, 
censure or expel the persons charged; to elect committees, 
except in cases where their election is otherwise provided 
for; and in case of the death, resignation, or removal from 
office of any of the officers before mentioned, except the 
President, they shall have the power at their monthly meet- 
ings to elect a successor or successors, who shall continue 
in office during the residue of the time for which the person 
or persons whom they are to succeed were chosen. 

Article V. 

Should the society for the purpose of more convenient 
accommodation, deem it expedient to divide themselves 
into sections, they may at any time (seven eighths of the 



i 4 8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

members present concurring) by a resolve to be made at a 
regular meeting, and entered on the minutes of their pro- 
ceedings, direct as many sections to be formed as they shall 
think proper, to meet at such times and places, and subject 
to such regulations, as shall, by such resolve be directed 

Article VI. 

No motion shall be received for altering or amending 
this constitution, or for dividing the society into sections, 
in pursuance of the preceding articles, unless the member 
intending to make such motion, shall have given notice 
thereof, at an annual or monthly meeting, two months at 
least previous to the time of submitting the same to the so- 
ciety, which shall be entered on the minutes of the proceed- 
ings, with the particular meeting at which the said motion 
shall be intended to be made, and when the question thereon 
shall be put, it shall not be considered or carried, unless 
seven-eighths of the members present vote in the affirmative. 

Article VII. 

A majority of four fifths of the members present shall be 
necessary to carry all questions not requiring particular ma- 
jorities, except that in all cases of election, and on questions 
of adjournment, a simple majority shall be sufficient. Pro- 
vided, however, that no member being in arrear shall be en- 
titled to exercise the right of suffrage. 

Article VIII. 

A committee shall be appointed to consist of seven mem- 
bers, to be called a committee of enquiry and distribution, 
whose duties shall be to receive applications for relief from 
members of this society and their families; to enquire into 
the situation of the persons making such applications; and, 
if it shall appear to the satisfaction of the said committee or 
[Blank] of them, that the persons making applications as 
aforesaid, stand in need of relief, they may order it after the 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 149 

rate, and agreeably to the provisions hereinafter mentioned. 
It shall also be their duty to enquire into the character of 
Irish emigrants arriving in this country; to receive applica- 
tions for relief from such of them as may be in distress, and 
if (diligent enquiry being made) it shall appear that emi- 
grants so applying are really distressed, and that they are of 
the description mentioned in the preamble, the said com- 
mittee, or a [Blank] of them, may order suitable relief — due 
respect in all instances of granting relief being had to the 
state of the fund and revenue of the society. 

Article IX. 

The President of this society shall, beside the usual and 
ordinary duties of his office, superintend the official conduct 
of the other officers and committees of the same, and enforce 
a regular discharge of their respective duties. 

Article X. 

In case of the President's absence, the first Vice-President, 
and in case of his absence, the second Vice-President shall 
preside; and in case of the death, resignation, or removal 
of the President, his office, together with all its duties, shall 
devolve on the first Vice-President, and be exercised by him 
until the annual meeting of the Society next ensuing such 
death, resignation, or removal; and whenever the President 
shall be absent from the City of New York, all the duties of 
his office shall be discharged by the said first Vice-President 
until his return. 

Article XL 

The Secretary, or in his absence, the Assistant-Secretary 
shall make fair and correct minutes of the proceedings of 
this society at their several meetings; shall keep an account 
of the monies [moneys] paid by the members; the disburse- 
ments of the society (as reported by the Treasurer) and the 
amount of its fund. 



15° 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



Article XII. 



The Treasurer shall hold the fund of this society, and keep 
an exact account of all monies belonging thereto, and which 
shall be paid to and advanced by him; he shall advance no 
monies but in pursuance of appropriations made either by 
the society at a regular meeting, or by the committee of 
enquiry and distribution, in the manner hereinafter men- 
tioned. He shall at least once in three months report to the 
society, at an annual or monthly meeting, the state of their 
fund, and the monies advanced by him since the time of 
making his last report. He shall, as frequently as required, 
submit his accounts respecting the receipts and disburse- 
ments of this society, to a committee to be composed of the 
President, Vice-Presidents, and three members to be chosen 
for that purpose, or to a majority of them; and he shall also 
on entering into office, or as soon after as required thereto, 
enter into a bond with one or more sureties, to be approved 
of by at least two thirds of a committee, to be composed of 
the President, Vice-Presidents, and seven Members, to be 
elected for that purpose, and in such sum as two thirds of 
the said committee shall think proper to require, conditioned 
for a faithful performance of the trust reposed in him by this 
society. 

Article XIII. 

The officers of this society shall, on retiring from office, 
hand over the books and other property belonging thereto, 
which may at such time, be in their hands, to such persons 
as the said society shall appoint to receive the same; and in 
case of the death of one or more of the said officers, such 
books and other property shall be demanded of his or their 
representatives, as soon thereafter as shall be deemed con- 
venient. 

Article XIV. 

In order to create a fund to answer the purposes for which 
this institution is formed, each candidate shall, at the time 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



I5i 



of being admitted, pay [Blank] dollar and [Blank] cents to 
the fund of this society; and contribute after the rate of 12% 
cents per month, so long as he shall continue a member 
thereof. 

Article XV. 

Each member of this society shall, in case of sickness and 
inability to support himself, be entitled to receive from the 
fund thereof, a weekly allowance of 1 dollar and 50 cents; 
and a further allowance of 25 cents for each child, (not ex- 
ceeding two) that such member may have incapable of pro- 
viding for itself. — Provided, however, that no member shall 
be entitled to pecuniary aid or relief from the fund of this 
institution, until the expiration of six months after his ad- 
mission; or whose contribution, (if a resident in the city of 
New York) shall have been more than three months in 
arrear at any time within one month next before the time of 
making application therefor. — And provided further, that the 
committee of enquiry and distribution, or [Blank] of them, 
may encrease [increase] or reduce the said allowance accord- 
ing to the circumstances of the applicant, and the state and 
amount of the fund and revenue of this society. 

Article XVI. 

The names of members resident in the city of New- York, 
whose contribution shall at any time be twelve months in 
arrear, or who while in arrear shall leave the said city with in- 
tent to reside elsewhere, may be struck off the roll, and such 
persons shall be no longer considered as members of this 
institution. 

Unanimously adopted the 17th day of March, 1802. 

Signed by order and on behalf of the Society, 

Robert Swanton, President. 
David Bryson, Secretary. 



CHAPTER XV. 

The Juvenile Sons of Erin, New York — They Observe the Day in 1807, 
1808 and 1809 — Toasts in Honor of Washington, Jefferson, Madison and 
other Eminent People — Pleasant Tribute to " The Spinning Wheel and 
the Loom " and to " The Harp Freed from the Crown." Mention of other 
Sentiments Expressed. 

The Juvenile Sons of Erin, New York city, observed St. 
Patrick's Day as early as 1807. Whether these Sons were 
at first a regularly organized body, or only an informal 
gathering of friends, does not appear. The fact, however, 
that they annually observed the day for a number of years 
would seem to indicate that at some period they had duly 
organized. In the " Morning Chronicle," March 18, and the 
" Republican Watch Tower," March 20, 1807, appears the 
following : 

Messrs. Editors: 

Your giving the inclosed a corner in your most esteemed 
publication will confer a particular favor on a number of 
your 

Subscribers. 
In Honore De Padrig. 

Tuesday the anniversary of the festival of St. Patrick was 
celebrated by a few of the juvenile sons of Erin, at a private 
house in James street. The following toasts are selected 
from those drank on the occasion : 

1. St. Patrick's Day — May each return of this day find 
our native and adopted country happy. 

2. Ireland — May peace and plenty smile on our native 
land — may the clouds of bigotry and superstition be expelled 
therefrom, and may the harp never be attuned to the vile 
sounds of discord and dissension. 

3. The United States of America — The asylum of the 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



15; 



distressed and persecuted stranger. May its inhabitants 
never feel the effects of a bad government in being forced 
to emigrate from their native country. 

4. Irishmen — May they who emigrate to America behave 
with propriety and honor, and never be the means of bring- 
ing disgrace on the country which gave them birth. 

5. Liberty — May the ample earth become her area, and 
the arch of heaven her dome. 

6. Swift and Curran — May Erin never want such men 
who endeavor by their writing and speaking to gain for 
oppressed humanity, freedom and happiness. 

7. New York — May it take the lead of all the other states, 
in literature as in commerce — may the clouds of ignorance 
be expelled its horizon; and may the authors of Salmagundi 
still continue to lash folly and vice naked through the land. 

8. Hospitality — May the hospitable never know the want 
of it. 

9. The Irish bar — Although it has lost the first advocate 
of the age for a paltry office of £5,000 a year, may it still con- 
tinue to preserve the true principles of Greek and Roman 
language. 

10. Mr. Carr. — May other travellers emulate his liber- 
ality in laying down national prejudices and substituting 
deserved encomiums in their stead. — And may our Denizens 
and Aliens in America, ever hold in grateful remembrance 
those persons who vindicate the character and genius of the 
Irish nation, against narrow prejudice and foul aspersions. 

11. "When my country takes. her place among the na- 
tions of the earth, then, and not till then, let my epitaph be 
written " — May the awful fiat of Heaven sanctify and grant 
this last expiring wish of a noble murdered patriot. 

The following are the productions of a young lady. 

12. May the rising generation pay more attention to the 
adornment of their minds than their persons. 

13. A speedy and entire reform in the dress of our females, 
may it be more conducive to the purposes of comfort, and 
less to those of vanity. 



i54 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



" The song and toast with appropriate music (the bagpipe, 
which was played on remarkably well by a gentleman of the 
company, in two parts without the drone) went round, and 
it was not till after 12 o'clock that the juvenile sons of Erin, 
terminated the celebration of the pious orgies of St. Patrick 
their tutelar Saint." 

[In a descriptive note referring to the bagpipes, the papers 
recording this celebration said:] 

Although the bagpipe is not an instrument indigenius 
to Ireland, it holds an high antiquity in the country. It was 
the music of the kerns in the reign of Edward the Third, 
(see Smith's History of Cork, page 43). It is still the favorite 
accompaniment of those mirthful exertions with which la- 
borious poverty crowns the temporary cessation of its weekly 
toil, and the cares and solicitudes of the Irish peasant ever 
dissipate to the spell which breaths in the humorous drones 
of the Irish pipes. To Scotland we are indebted for this 
ancient instrument who received it from the Romans [but 
to] the native musical genius of Ireland are we indebted 
for its present form and improved state. " That at present 
in use in Ireland," says Dr. Burney in a letter to J. C. Walker, 
Esq., " is an improved bagpipe; on which the natives play 
very well, in two parts without the drone, which I believe is 
never attempted in Scotland. The tone of the lower notes 
resemble that of the hautboy and clarinet, and the high note 
that of the German flute, and the whole scale of one I lately 
heard, was very well in time, which has never been the case 
of any Scottish bagpipe that I ever heard." 

Quite a detailed account of the observance in 1808 appears 
in the " American Citizen," and in the " Public Advertiser," 
of March 19, the same year. It was communicated and 
opens with these lines : 

Still Erin attracted wherever we roam, 

Our hearts shall with Paddy be yearly at home. 

The account then states that " Thursday being the Anni- 
versary of the Festival of St. Patrick, the same was cele- 
brated according to custom by the Juvenile Sons of Erin, 
at a private house in Liberty street — Partaking of a plen- 
teous feast, which consisted of every delicacy which the 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



155 



varied art of cookery could produce; drinking the following 
Toasts interspersed with original songs, bag-pipe and other 
music, kept the company together until they hailed the 
morning of Shelah's day." 

Then follows this list of toasts : 

1. The Day — May we on the next return of it find that 
avenging Providence has granted the martyred Emmet's 
emphatical wish to be literally fulfilled. Music — " St. 
Patrick's Day." 

2. Ireland — The best blood of this land has been shed 
by the most iniquitous government that ever insulted 
Heaven and oppressed mankind, but may she like the 
' shivering tenants of the frigid zone,' enjoy a day propor- 
tioned to the dreary darkness of her long and gloomy night. 
Song, " The Last Irish Harper." 

3. America — The resting place of Liberty, the asylum 
of persecuted humanity — may she ever keep clear of such 
miserable systems as have prevailed in the old world under 
the name of government — her people so far have been an 
example to the admiring world, that they are capable of self 
government — " Hail Columbia," full band. 

4. Irish Heroes and Patriots — Montgomery, Lord Ed- 
ward Fitzgerald, Russel, Emmet, and the thousand others 
whom " memory cannot count nor choice elect," may every 
son of Erin emulate their shining virtues and devotion to 
liberty. Carolan's " Farewell to Music." 

5. Washington and Jefferson — The hero and statesman, 
animated by their bright example, may their children imitate 
their shining virtues. " The Wreath You Wove." 

6. The memory of Walter Blake Kerwan — " This bright- 
est gem in pulpit eloquence." " To feed the lamp of charity, 
he exhausted the lamp of life." " Carolan's Devotion." 

7. Burke and Macrary — Our poets in Petersburgh; may 
they receive the smiling approbation of their countrymen for 
their laudable endeavors to redeem our national airs from 
oblivion. " Coolin." 



i S 6 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



8. Our Bards — Ossian the first and greatest; Carolan the 
last though not least — may their memories be the pride of 
Irishmen whilst poetry and melody exist. " How sleep the 
Brave." 

9. Plowden — An independent, liberal Englishman, may 
the perusal of his history of Ireland, wake the compassion 
of some of his countrymen to the miseries of a people who 
deserve a better fate. — " There's Nae Luck about the 
House." 

10. War! — If peace cannot be maintained with national 
honor — then let us have war — Paddy is always ready and 
willing to lend Jonathan a hand to give the enemies of his 
country a sound drubbing. " Yankee Doodle." 

11. Irish Slavery — may the chains of coercion, the cords 
of enslavement which are already stretched to their utmost 
extent, be by the energetic efforts of our countrymen rent 
asunder like cobwebs — and may they enjoy their portion of 
liberty and happiness after such a long, long absence. 
" Her Emmet's no More." 

12. Tammany and Hibernian Provident Societies — may 
the only difference between those distinguished bodies be, 
which shall do most to the support of genuine republican- 
ism; and may all such patriotic and charitable associations 
never want the means to relieve the distressed. " Jefferson's 
March." 

13. " Shall oppressed humanity find no asylum on this 
globe ? " — may every emigrant remember the author of this 
humane query — and may he long enjoy the reward of his 
excellence in the respect and admiration of all who see him, 
the esteem and affection of all who know him. " Roslin 
Castle." 

14. Miss Owenson — May her laudable example in raising 
her country to a respectable rank in the scale of nations by 
her ingenious researches into its records, be emulated by 
those who possess similar talents — " Mortimer and Glor- 
vina " (an original song). 

15. Shelah— Song, " Loony M'Toulter." 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



157 



16. The American Fair — May beauty adorn and happiness 
attend them forever; and may they (conform to the wish of 
the ingenious editors of Salmagundi) pay more attention to 
" the conversation of the enlightened than to the frivolity of 
the coxcomb," or " flourish of the fiddle sticks." " How- 
sweet the love that meets return." 

17. Republican Editors — May our countrymen ever hold 
your well doings in grateful remembrance : but for ourselves 
we tender you our grateful thanks for your exertions to pro- 
tect our national character against the unjust and illib- 
eral prejudice of your federal opponents. " Let the toast 
pass." 

From the numerous Volunteer Toasts, the following are 
selected. 

The American Soil — May it never bear another Burr, to 
disturb the peace of its society; or its atmosphere be con- 
taminated with the poisonous effluvia of aristocracy. " Giles 
Scroggins Ghost." 

Odd Fellows — May every odd fellow be a good fellow 
. . . " I'll follow my own vagary." 

Richard and Maria Edgeworth — whose genius and indus- 
try has rescued old Erin's children from the undeserved 
imputation of being the only blunderers and bull makers — 
" Tid-re-I." 

" Disguise thyself as thou wilt, still slavery, still thou art 
a bitter draught." May the spirit of freedom move over the 
whole globe, that all mankind may partake of its sweets. 
" Its liberty, sweet liberty." 

The Harp freed from the Crown — May it ere long be the 
standard to wave over the green fields of Erin. " Hibernia, 
rouse from your trance." 

National Prejudice — May it no longer be used as a 
hammer to knock down republican principles. " Paddy 
O'Rafferty." 

The spinning wheel and the loom — May their use become 
more general, as it will be the means of insuring indepen- 
dence to the states. " Somehow my spindle I mislaid." 



i 5 8 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



The sons of Tammany — May they succeed in raising and 
beautifying the monument sacred to the martyrs of freedom 
who perished on board the Jersey Prison Ship — and may the 
calumny of tory editors be the only obstacle in their way — 
" Dead march in Saul." 

The American Eagle — fostered under thy wings, we will 
die in thy defence — " All the way to Galloway." 

The oppressed sons of Erin — May they ever find an asy- 
lum in the only free country on earth, Columbia. " Hail 
Liberty." 

Standing Toasts, the first of an absentee. 

Liberty — May the ample earth become her area and the 
arch of Heaven her dome. " Lexington march." 

" When my country takes her place among the nations of 
the earth, then and not 'till then, let my epitaph be written." 
May the awful fiat of Heaven sanctify and grant this last 
expiring wish of a noble murdered patriot. " Delighted 
fancy hails the hour." 

" The succeeding entertainments consisted of three appro- 
priate recitations, two of them original, composed and re- 
cited by one of the party, after which our piper gave us very 
humorously the favourite air of " Paddy Whack." Then we 
had four songs of Miss Owenson's, as sung by Mr. Webster, 
and the new words of our poets in Petersburgh, to the old 
airs, Robin Adair, Humours of Glen, and Cathron Oghee; 
also Carolan's Receipt (the Irish Orpheus) which for spright- 
liness of sentiments and harmony of numbers, stands un- 
rivalled in the best of modern drinking songs. Milton 
says 

" Song charms the scene — eloquence the soul." 

" The truth of which was fully proved on this occasion, 
for the utmost harmony prevailed, pleasure was manifest in 
each countenance; wit, humour and Irish wine went round, 
which was felt with undiminished zest 'till the busy and 
unwished-for hour of day clapt its seal on the uninterrupted 
round of tasteful pleasure." 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



J 59 



We find the Juvenile Sons, in 1809, again honoring Ire- 
land's patron saint. The event seems to have been observed 
with the customary eclat and enthusiasm so characteristic of 
such occasions by this organization. We get a good idea of 
the occasion from this notice in the " Public Advertiser," 
March 20, 1809: 



In Honor of St. Patrick. 

" Let the bards of old be near: let them draw near with 
their songs and their half viewless harps." 

The juvenile sons of Erin celebrated their festival on 
Friday according to the annual custom ; and after partaking 
of a " snug little supper and plenty of booze," they drank 
the following toasts, interspersed with music and many orig- 
inal songs. 

1. The day we celebrate — " consecrated to generous 
recollections " — may it ever be dear to freedom and Am- 
erica. Music, " St. Patrick's Day." — Song, " When Rome 
was dividing." 

2. Ireland — our feelings and our wishes are still for the 
welfare of our kindred and our native country — may the con- 
dition of its poor be ameliorated — may foul misrepresenta- 
tion and aspersion cease. Recitation, " When Erin first rose 
from the dark swelling flood." 

3. America — The only country in which the virtuous liv- 
ing can find a refuge, or truth be conveyed to posterity 
through a free press. Song, " America thou lovely nation." 

4. Thomas Jefferson — The friend and benefactor of the 
human race — may his evening sun, like his noon of life, shed 
a lustre on his native land. — " Thou Chief rever'd while slan- 
der pours." 

5. James Madison — The president of a nation of free men 
— the friend of Jefferson — his principles and patriotism en- 
title him to our esteem — " Brave sons of Columbia your 
triumph behold." 

6. The Vice President of the United States — The intrepid 



^o EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

soldier and able statesman — " My bards wait him with 
songs." 

7. The memory of the immortal Washington — " Sons of 
Alpin strike the strings, is there aught of joy in the harp? 
pour it on the soul of Washington." 

8. Erin's virtuous exiles — Emmet, M'Neven, Sampson, 
Trenor and Jackson — Their virtues and patriotism, a legacy 
for us all — " Raise the song of joy, ye bards of Morvan that 
our souls may forget the past." 

9. The Ocean — " Which, like the air, is the common birth- 
right of mankind," its surface for those who deem it free, 
its bottom for those who wish to usurp it, (Drank standing 
hand in hand) — " Yankee Doodle " — full band. 

10. Independence or War! — The determined sentiment 
of every American — In such a cause Paddy is always ready 
and willing to lend his friend Jonathan a hand. The charge 
— " When the blasts of war blows in our ears, then imitate 
the actions of the tiger." 

11. Sons of Erin — May you always turn a deaf ear to the 
rude insults of an uninformed rabble — and may the exertions 
of your true friends never be forgotten as long as grateful 
memory holds her seat in the breast of an Irishman. — " How 
sweet on the mountains." 

12. Domestic Manufactories — Sure fortifications — May 
they ever receive that attention and encouragement they so 
richly deserve — " Hope told me flattering tales." 

13. Col. Henry Rutgers — An undeviating republican, 
one who justly merits and receives the confidence of his fel- 
low citizens — " Thou God of Liberty ! " 

14. Tammany, Whig and Hibernian Societies — Under 
every vicissitude of party, through all changes of men 
and fluctuations of power, in adversity and in prosper- 
ity may you still preserve a love for your country, her 
rights, her liberties and her honor — " Patrick and Tam- 
many." 

15. Republican Greens — May they always stand forth the 
firm supporters of American rights : and whenever assailed 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 161 

may the foe feel the avenging blow of our brave volunteers — 
" Some talk of Roman Glory." 

1 6. The Fair Temple of Liberty — Confined to Columbia's 
shores alone, may her sons appreciate the heavenly boon 
and be willing to die in its defence — " Hail Columbia." 

17. The Fair — " Ah me! how sweet is love itself possest, 
when but love's shadows are so rich in joy " — " How sweet 
is love when virtue guides." 

The song and toast went round with great spirit, the boys 
appeared to have Goldsmith's lines in their mind's eye: 

When you with your bagpipes are ready to play, 
My voice shall be ready to carol away. 



From the volunteer toasts we select the following: — 

Sons of Columbia — May your motto still be, divided you 
perish, united you're free ! — " Ye tories give ear to my 
groans." 

Our Harp — The armorial bearing of Ireland, which per- 
petuates our former musical celebrity beyond the power of 
time or prejudice to destroy — " She waked her own sad tale 
from every trembling string." 

Hugh Macawlay Boyd — The supposed author of Junius' 
Letters — We knew the man and never think of him, but as 
every one who knew him did, with affection while he was 
living, with sorrow now that he is dead. — Recitation, Camp- 
bell's poem to the ancient Irish of " Erin Go Bragh." 

Universal Emancipation — May despotism and oppression 
forever cease — May the poor enslaved Africans be reinstated 
to their former joys, and may all, all find protection under 
the fostering wing of liberty. — " What pleasing scenes before 
me ran." 

The Emerald Isle — Her shamrock top'd hills, and daisy 
deck'd valleys, may their green be ever green — " Oh ! when I 
breath'd a last adieu." 



1 62 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

The Embargo — By it we imitate the wisdom of the snake, 
who recoils within himself before he springs upon his enemy. 
— " When first the sun o'er the ocean glow'd." 

The memory of John D. Burk and Lucas George. 
" 'Till mould'ring worlds and trembling systems burst ! 
When the last trump shall venerate their dust ! 
Still by the mandate of eternal truth. 
Their souls will flourish in immortal youth." 

The heroes of the American revolution — " The song 
comes with its music to melt and please the soul." 

Education — One of liberty's life strings; may it hereafter 
meet with ten-fold encouragement. — " Dear Erin, how 
sweetly thy green bosom rises." 

The Tammany Monument — Sacred to the martyrs of the 
prison ships — joint emblems of the sufferings it celebrates, 
and the eternal honor of its erectors. — " Wallabout Grand 
March." 

May we always meet upon a level and part upon the 
square. — " Thou fairest type of excellence divine." 

Standing toast — " When my country takes her place 
among the nations of the earth, then, and not till then, let 
my epitaph be written." — May the awful fiat of heaven sanc- 
tify and grant this last expiring wish of a noble murdered 
patriot. — " Mournful are the mountains of Erin, for the 
Chief of the people is low." 



In the same issue of the " Public Advertiser " that the fore- 
going appears is the following scintillation from the editor's 
pen: 

" On Shelah's morning Bacchus, attended by Wit and 
Humour, paid us a visit, & after the necessary salutations 
and hearing Carolan's receipt for drinking Irish wine, from 
our piper ; he gave us a short lecture on sobriety — ' Three 
cups of wine (said he) a prudent man may take, and then he 
ought to be after taking himself off ' — this hint was quite 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 1 63 

sufficient, for immediately the happy festive circle began to 
separate, every soul acknowledging that parting was the 
only unpleasing moment of the night : 

" Loud rang the roof with festive sound, 
With joy and revelry; 
The sparkling glass went gaily round 
The jocund guest with ivy crown'd 
Wore Bacchus' livery." 



CHAPTER XVI. 

The Juvenile Sons of Erin, New York (Concluded) — Evidence of 
Mourning in 1810 — Celebrations of St. Patrick's Day by the Organization 
in 181 1 and 1812 — Toast to the " Memory of Washington," and to Jeffer- 
son, Madison and other Patriots — Many Impressive Sentiments uttered 
at the Exercises. 

The following was published in " The N. Y. Columbian," 
March 17, 1810: 

Communication. 
Anniversary of the Festival of St. Patrick. 
" Whilst pensive he leaned on a cloud." 

The Juvenile Sons of Erin have hung their harps on the 
willow. Mournful are those former sons of gayness, for two 
of our chiefs are laid low. See that passing cloud of death : 
it hovers over the plains of Columbia. The sons of green 
Erin have fallen. Brothers send your souls back to the days 
of other months. Think of your companions that are gone. 
The bards sit wrapt in silence and grief. Not a string of the 
harp is now stirred. Round their grass-tufted hillocks we 
lingering stay. Son of Ossian, of songs, our souls are 
mournfully sad. Their green tombs are to be seen by the 
traveller in the bosom of hills. Here midst the waving 
of oaks are the dwellings of the renowned men of old. Their 
bright eyes are closed in death. Let the anniversary of our 
saint pass away in silent sorrowing. Let nought but the harp 
of your bards, untouched, sound mournfully over the hills. 

New- York, March 17, 1810. 



In " The Columbian," March 20, and the " Public Adver- 
tiser," March 21, 181 1, was this " communicated " report of 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 165 

the celebration that year : " The anniversary of St. Patrick 
falling on Sunday, the same was celebrated by the Juvenile 
Sons of Erin, at the Albany Coffee-House, on Monday the 
1 8th inst. After partaking of a truly appropriate supper, 
the following toasts were drank, interspersed with recitations 
and many original songs." The correspondent then gives 
the list of toasts proposed on the occasion. They were as 
follows : 

1. St. Patrick's Day — On the next return of it may our 
Shamrock flourish fair, the monumental marble record Fitz- 
gerald's virtues, and the epitaph of Emmet be inscribed by 
a freeman's hand. Song, " Ah ! low lies the harp, thou green 
isle of the ocean ? " 

2. Ireland — " Green gem of the ocean's ring." May your 
regenerated harps once more be struck to the sound of joy, 
and your hills and vales echo with the shouts of emancipated 
man. " Ah ! pooh ! botheration, dear Ireland's the nation." 

3. America — Land of peace and plenty — May the inhab- 
itants continue to emulate the example of their fathers, and 
may the hand of despoiling tyranny never disturb their hap- 
piness. " Hail Columbia." 

4. The memory of Ireland's virtuous patriots — Who pre- 
ferred death to the endurance of despotism — " Behold where 
the Heroes of Erin repose." 

5. Washington — He fought for independence; Jefferson 
— Writer of the Declaration of Independence; Madison — 
The man of the people's choice — He will support Independ- 
ence. Then let every man whose heart ever formed an in- 
dependent wish drink Washington, Jefferson and Madison 
compared with whom the kings and emperors of the earth 
are no more than glow-worms to the sunbeams. " Go 
where glory waits thee." 

6. The memory of Orr — 'Tis sufficient that we name him. 
Who whiter strives to paint the new-fallen snow, 

Or add vermilion to the pink or rose? 

7. The Vice-President of the United States and the Am- 



1 66 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

erican members of both houses of Congress. Their motto, 
Union of the States, no foreign alliance, and an orderly ob- 
servance of the laws. — " While Europe's mad powers o'er 
creation are raging." 

8. The memory of Carolan — One of Ireland's numerous 
bards. 

— " in Gratitude's tear shall his name be enshrin'd 
And the long silent harp shall re-echo his name." 

9. The Shamrock — May its columns never be polluted by 
calumniating the soil that gave it birth, or its growth be 
impeded by a chilling eastern blast; but may its young and 
tender fibres continue to vegetate until the luxuriance of 
its little leaves become ornamental to Columbia — " There's 
a dear little plant that grows in our isle." 

10. The memory of our late Vice-President and Treas- 
urer. — " Soft sigh the winds of heaven o'er their tombs." 

11. John M'Creery — May his persevering exertions to 
secure from oblivion the relics of our national music con- 
tinue to procure him that applause he justly merits. " The 
Bard's Legacy." 

12. E. Bunting and S. Holden — Who have nearly com- 
pleted in Ireland what Burke and M'Creery planned in Am- 
erica; the collecting and adopting new words to Irish music. 
May their exertions be crowned with complete success. — 
" Last minstrel of Erin how sweetly thy fingers." 

13. Liberty of the Press and toleration of Religion — Sure 
pledges of an enlightened, free and virtuous people. " What 
angel form is that descends? " 

14. Miss Balfour — Erin's patriotic child — May her harp 
still continue its pleasing vibrations; and when she takes her 
last slumber, may the green turf over her breast vegetate 
the shamrock and white daisy; the one emblematic of her 
country, the other resembling her own pure soul. — " When 
in death I shall calmly recline." 

15. The Belfast and Dublin Harp Societies — Revivers of 
the song of other times — May the spirit of the ancient bards 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 167 

hover over their proceedings; and inspire them to complete 
this patriotic undertaking — " O ! had I lived when Ossian 
sung." 

16. The Fair Sex. " I love thee, I have spoke it." — 
" None can love like an Irishman." 

17. Our countrymen in all parts of the world, who this 
day celebrate the anniversary of our titular Saint. — " Let 
the toast pass." 

Volunteers. 

The Torpedo — A scientific child of an American artist. 
May it receive the fostering care of the nation, until its 
parent completes his handiwork — " Hope told a flattering 
tale." 

General Valency — The Irish linguist and antiquarian. 

Moore and Stevenson — The poet and musician. — The 
song comes with its music to melt and please the soul. 

The People of England, we distinguish between them and 
the government of England. 

The memory of Miss Brooks — The elegant translator of 
ancient Irish poetry. Recitation — " Harp of Erin, wake to 
glory." 

Scotia Minor — descended from the same stock; may her 
hardy sons unite with those of Scotia Major. 

Our Native Country — ever dear ! but liberty still dearer. 

Theobald Wolfe Tone — Alpha. 

Robert Emmet — Omega. 

Our countrymen in Petersburg, Va. who are this moment 
(12 o'clock) toasting our party. 'May they never want a 
potatoe to share with a friend. 

The memory of Brian Boruhma, who finally expelled the 
Danes from Ireland. — " Strike the harp ! raise the voice ! 
sing the song of great Brian ! " 

The memory of Laurence Sterne, author of " Tristram 
Shandy," &c. 

Favor'd pupil of Nature and Fancy, of yore, 

Whom from Humor's embrace sweet philosophy bore, 



l6S EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

While the Graces and Loves scatter flowers on thy urn, 
And Wit weeps the blossom too hastily torn. 



On Feb. 28, 1812, "The Columbian" published this: 

" O Erin ! whilst life in this bosom is swelling, 
Shall I neglect thee the land of my birth? 
On thy mountains I'll hold with sweet friendship my 

dwelling, 
And hymn forth thy praises, thou favorite earth." 

" Those gentlemen who wish to join the Juvenile Sons of 
Erin, in celebrating the Anniversary of St. Patrick, will 
please to leave their addresses as early as convenient, with 
Mr. Samuel Martin, at the Commercial Buildings. The 
committee of arrangement intend regulating every thing for 
this merry meeting early in March." 

On March 21, 1812, "The Columbian" has the following 
report of this observance : 

Anniversary of St. Patrick. 

On Tuesday last, the 17th inst., the Juvenile Sons of Erin, 
met according to previous arrangement, at the Commercial 
Building, where they partook of an elegant supper, appro- 
priately served up by Mr. Samuel Martin. 

The cloth being removed, they were agreeably entertained 
by an enthusiastic display of Mr. Moffat's abilities; who in- 
troduced a highly finished solo on the clarinet, in which were 
included the following Irish airs : " St. Patrick's Day," 
" Coolin," " Cean dubh Delish," " Edmund of the Hills," 
" Ellen a Roon," " Tell me dear Eveline." 

Mr. Carden played several planxties on the Pipes, and 
many Irish jigs, very humorously on the flute, in imitation 
of the pipes. 

" The soul of song " was awakened and scarce one of the 
company failed to contribute to the general hilarity. 

On no occasion in this city have the Sono of Erin so gen- 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 169 

erally manifested a disposition to celebrate in characteristic 
style the anniversary of that day on which Irishmen soothe 
their cares, and drown their shamrocks. 

1. The 17th March — The 1318th anniversary — No human 
institution has ever been so often or so generally celebrated 
— May the present day form some part of the last year of 
Irish thraldom. Original song, tune " Patrick's Day." 

2. The Fair Sex — May their influence be always directed 
rightly, and may no advocate of oppression have the load of 
his conscience lightened by their love. Song, " O love is 
the soul of a neat Irishman." 

3. The land of our nativity 

" Farewell to the land where in childhood I wander'd 
In vain is she mighty, in vain is she brave : 
Noblest is the blood that for tyrants is squander'd 
And fame has no wreath for the brow of the slave." 

4. The land we live in — Her children " willed it " and 
are free — May they never experience ingratitude from those 
Irishmen whom they have liberally invited to share their 
blessing. 

5. The Press — free as the air — may its rays illumine the 
mind and disseminate the principles of truth and universal 
emancipation. Song, " In concert join each soul that loves." 

6. Emmet, Tone, Fitzgerald and Russel; why grieve for 
their fate? Their deaths are the best commentary on their 
lives — may we emulate their example if the good of our 
country renders it necessary. " Tears are wintry streams 
that waste the soul." 

7. The memory of Washington — " Sons of Alpine, bring 
the harp! give" Washington's "praise to the wind; raise 
high his praise in my hall " Music, " Hail Columbia." 

8. Jefferson — The friend of the emigrant — " and shall we 
refuse the unhappy fugitives from distress, that hospitality 
which the savages of the wilderness extended to our fathers 
arriving in this land? Shall oppressed humanity find no 



170 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



asylum on this globe?" Song, "Green were the fields 
where my forefathers dwelt, oh ! " 

9. Miss Brooks, Walker, Bunting, and Valancey — Anti- 
quarians and scholars, who seeking the history of our coun- 
try among the ruins of her records, would yet teach us what 
she was. Song, " My thoughts delight to wander." 

10. The President, Vice-President and other constituted 
authorities of the U. S. — Deriving their power from the true 
" fountain of honor," the people — they will successfully 
direct the energies of the nation against the slaves of a steeled 
monarchy. Song, " When freedom first shone o'er Colum- 
bia's rich shores." 

11. John Murphy, (of Belfast) — We have received your 
" Song " and your " Shamrock " — thanks to the donor — 
" Son of song," alas ! the Shamrock thrives only as an exotic. 
Song, " Erin farewell ! o'er the wild ocean roaming." 

12. Commodore Rodgers — Hospitable as he is brave, he 
flew to the relief of Irishmen, when in distress, and thrown 
by adverse winds as strangers in a strange land — he chas- 
tised the pirate who offered in sight of a free soil to close the 
entrance to our persecuted countrymen. Song, " When war 
was heard and Erin's call." 

13. Montgomery — " Illustrious chieftain, Erin claims 
thee as her own " — May thine, " the only public monument 
in New- York," remind Irishmen of their duty. Music, 
" Irish volunteers." 

14. The memory of Carolan — " Sit thou on the heath, O 
bard ! and let us hear thy voice, it is pleasant as the gale of 
spring that sighs on the hunter's ear, when he wakes from 
dreams of joy." 

15. The records of Ireland — Could the murdered bards 
but arise to sing their country's history, who would stop to 
listen? Not the destroyers of Ireland lest the earth should 
open and do them justice. Who would listen with former 
glee, and hear the praises of their fathers? Not even her 
best children — the past contrasted with the present would 
harrow the soul of the patriotic Irishman. " O that I had 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



171 



fallen in the strife of shields, ere I had known the breakers 
of my harp." 

16. M'Creary — His national airs and songs remind us of 
the bardic ages — his patriotism animates our enthusiasm in 
the cause of injured Ireland. Song, " Dear Erin, how 
sweetly thy green bosom rises." 

17. Grattan, Ponsonby, Moira, Sheridan, and the other 
distinguished advocates of oppressed Ireland — Of what avail 
is eloquence when the advocates lose sight of this simple 
axiom " all our evils spring from having no national govern- 
ment." Song, " Come strike the bold anthem, the war-dogs 
are howling." 

18. Major Sirr, Castlereagh, Beresford, Verner, & Co. 
Oh ! what noble brothers ! Whether did the men make the 
system, or did the system make the monsters? Song, " Ye 
winds and ye waves, bear my sorrows away." 

From the numerous volunteer toasts, the following are 
selected : 

His excellency Daniel D. Tompkins — Governor of the 
State — The friend of freedom, and patriotic supporter of our 
constitutional rights. 

Dewitt Clinton — The enlightened patriot and statesman; 
the friend of the persecuted foreigner, and the able advocate 
of his country's rights. Song, " Of a noble race was 
Shynkin." 

The social and invincible spirit that equally distinguishes 
Irishmen in every clime. 

The Sons of Erin, of Caledonia — May the blood of Fitz- 
gerald and Emmet, and of Muir and Palmer, cement a per- 
petual union between them in the glorious cause for which 
these martyrs fell. 

Dr. Bryson, of Belfast — An Irish scholar — His literary re- 
searches can only be equalled by his attachment to his 
country. 

Mary — Scarce yet in her teens, she feels and sings her 
country's wrongs with a spirit and a melody rising far above 



172 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



her years, and reaching the acme of true patriotism. Song, 
" Oh ! touch, dear maid, the trembling string." 

La Fayette, Rochambeau, De Grasse, and the other brave 
men of the French army and navy, who eminently contrib- 
uted to the attainment of American independence. 

Internal manufactures — The pride, the boast, and the 
riches of England — " the ruin and the folly of America ! " 
Think not, John Bull, to gull us by such nonsense. 

Robert Emmet — Honored be his memory! unfaded may 
the laurel and cypress intermingle at his tomb. " Often 
shall the last sigh of evening die away on the strings of my 
harp, as I sit by thy narrow house, complaining to the com- 
ing night." 

Finerty and Cox — Oh! England, where is thy boasted 
liberty — let the word be blotted from your vocabulary; or 
buried with the victims of your policy in the dungeons of 
Lincoln and Newgate. Song, " You never did hear of an 
Irishman's fear, in love or in battle." 

The Catholics of Ireland — Their cause is a good one : May 
their spirited exertions and manly perseverance, be crowned 
with the rich reward of " emancipation." 

May no collusion of Kings at the court of St. James be 
ever able to prevent the emigration of our persecuted coun- 
trymen to the land of Columbia. 

The memory of Orr — An intimidated jury said " guilty " 
— a sanguinary government sealed the verdict. 

Union, the word — freedom, the aim of every son of Erin. 

Plowden and Parish — Proofs that no exertions of tyranny 
can eclipse a bright star, nor any ray of liberty, however 
strong, warm the soul of a contracted bigot. Song, " Assist 
mc ye lads, who have hearts void of- guile." 

Franklin — " Eripuit coelo fulmen, sceptrumque tyrannis." 
He snatched the thunder from heaven and the sceptre from 
tyrants. 

The British army in Portugal — Take away the Irish, 
(Faugh-a-Ballaugh) and " Hey for the Polish Lancers, O ! " 
Music, " Marshal Soult's Charge." 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 173 

Our Countrymen — may they soon have an opportunity 
of practically convincing their tyrants that the loss of Ireland 
will reduce England to her rank among nations; thus demon- 
strating, that to the misapplied valor of Irishmen is owing 
the unnatural preponderancy of Britain. 

New York, March 18, 1812. 



CHAPTER XVII. 

The Shamrock Friendly Association of New York — Its Celebration of 
the Day in 1817 and other Years — Remarks by Garret Gilbert, Dr. Mac- 
neven, Stephen P. Lemoine, George A. O'Keefe and others of that Period 
— Observances at Union Hotel and Washington Hall — Byrne's Fly- 
Market Hotel also the Scene of Festivities. 

Among the old-time, honored organizations of New York 
should be mentioned the Shamrock Friendly Association. 
The learned Dr. Macneven was at one time president of this 
society and many other eminent gentlemen were found in its 
ranks. The Association celebrated St. Patrick's Day as 
early as 1817, and may have done so at even an earlier period. 
In "The Columbian" of March 15, 1817, is found the fol- 
lowing: 

Shamrock Friendly Association 

The Society will celebrate the 17th of March, (St. Pat- 
rick's Day), at their Hall. 

Tickets for the Supper, may be had of the subscribers. 
Previous to which an address will be delivered by one of the 
members, at seven o'clock, P.M. 

B. Irvine, ) Committee 
G. Dillon, y of Arrange- 
J. M'Keon. ) ment. 

In 1 818, the Association again celebrated the anniversary, 
the accompanying notice appearing in " The Columbian " of 
March 12, that year: 

St. Patrick's Day. 

Arrangements for the celebration of the anniversary of 

St. Patrick's Day, by the Shamrock Friendly Association. 

The society will meet at its room, 70 William-street, on 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 175 

the 17th of March at n o'clock, A.M., for the purpose of 
transacting business. 

The society will repair at 12 o'clock (noon) to the long 
room, Union Hotel, where an oration will be delivered by- 
Mr. Garrit Gilbert. Members may invite their friends to 
hear the oration, seats will be reserved for ladies. 

Dinner will be on the table, at Mr. Coghlan's, at 5 o'clock 
P.M. Members who wish to dine and unite in drowning the 
Shamrock, may have tickets for themselves and friends, by 
applying at Mr. Coghlan's. — It is wished that applications 
for tickets may be made before Sunday next. 

In reporting the event, " The Columbian," under date of 
March 18, 1818, published this extended article: 

Shamrock Friendly Association. 

Yesterday the Shamrock Friendly Association celebrated 
the anniversary of St. Patrick at the house of Mr. Coghlan, 
in William-street, and an Oration was delivered on the occa- 
sion by Garret Gilbert, Esq. It was the language of feeling 
and patriotism, and merited, as it received, the plaudits of 
a large assembly. It recalled to minds the wrongs of a 
brave and humane people in their native land — and dwelt 
with enthusiasm on their devotion to the cause of enlightened 
liberty in the land of their adoption. — " If, (said the orator) 
you have any national prejudices — (and I believe, I know 
you have none) — relinquish them. Preserve all the attach- 
ments to your native land that are not incompatible with 
the interests of that community which has adopted you. I 
beg pardon — I should have said preserve them all; for I 
know of no Irish attachments that can possibly injure the 
United States of America." 

Doctor Macneven presided at the festive board, supported 
by Mr. Fox the vice president, and the following sentiments 
were given, accompanied by songs, national and senti- 
mental. 

Toasts of the Shamrock Friendly Association, 17th March 
1818: 

1. The day: before another return of the anniversary of 



176 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

Erin's festival, may Erin's harp resound on Erin's plains, 
to the tune of " Erin go bragh." 

2. The people of Ireland : exiles abroad or slaves at home, 
at great sacrifice they avoid, or under great afflictions they 
endure, the baleful connexion of Britain. " He came to the 
beach." 

3. The stranger's asylum : in the day of peace the Irish- 
man's gratitude will suppport the laws, in the day of battle 
it will support the country. " Hail Columbia." 

4. The New- York and other Irish Emigrant Associations : 
they labored for the good of America, and for the benefit of 
Irishmen; they could not command success, but they de- 
served it. " Green were the fields." 

5. The friendly Emigrant, and the Emigrant's friend. 
" Love for love." 

6. The people of the United States : a great family of free- 
men, worthy the boon for which they twice victoriously 
contended. 

7. The President of the United States : may he keep a 
steady eye on the principles of '76. 

8. De Witt Clinton, Governor of the State of New York : 
The will of the people is great, and it will prevail. 

9. The Patriots of Mexico and South America: union to 
their councils, victory to their arms, and confusion to the 
[unjholy alliance of Despots. 

10. The hallowed memory of the deceased heroes, martyrs 
and statesmen of Ireland: no honest Irishman can recollect 
his country, and forget her Tones, her Emmets and her 
Fitzgeralds. 

11. Agriculture, manufactures and commerce: the first is 
necessary to our existence, the second to our independence, 
the third to our rank as a nation. The entire must be main- 
tained at whatever price we would pay for liberty. 

12. The Grand Canal: alias cheap exchanges, easy inter- 
course, and a new cement of the Union. 

13. Hospitality, an Irish characteristic not to be forgotten 
on Patrick's day. " O'Rourke's noble feast." 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 177 

14. Civil and religious Liberty: the world for their do- 
main, the human race for their votaries. 

15. The regular army and militia of the United States : the 
former never so large as to endanger liberty, the latter never 
so small as to be unequal to its defence. 

16. The Navy of the United States: it was justly reserved 
for freemen to chastise the tyrant of the deep. 

17. The Press: the hope of freemen, the terror of tyrants; 
with it no people can be enslaved, without it none can be free. 

18. The United States of America: untouched in their own 
soil, be they unstained by the spoil of their neighbors. 

19. Ireland as she ought to be: free, sovereign, and inde- 
pendent. 

Volunteers. 

By Major Noon — The Vice-President of the United 
States; his patriotism and services during the late war, will 
ever be remembered with feelings of gratitude by every 
friend of his country. 

By Capt. M'Keon. — The memory of Montgomery; his 
ashes will speedily repose in the urn . . . erected to his 
memory, by that Congress which declared America free, 
sovereign and independent. 

By Mr. Irvine — The doctrine of Transmigration exempli- 
fied; Liberty extinct in Europe, is animating South America. 

By Mr. Dillon — Thomas Addis Emmet, Esq. our late 
worthy President; the ornament of his native country, the 
friend to that of his adoption. 

The President having retired, the Vice-President took the 
chair — while the following toast was given : 

Our worthy President — The patriot, the politician, the 
man of science. 

The land that gave us birth, and the land we live in. May 
the sons and daughters of the natives of Europe who emi- 
grate, never be deceived by the hopes held out to them by 
foreign powers. 



I7 8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

The Vice-President having retired, Capt. M'Keon, the 
2d Vice-President, took the chair, when the following toast 
was given : 

Robert Fox, our worthy Vice President — His uniform, 
independent, and patriotic conduct, has endeared him to all 
who have the pleasure of his acquaintance. 

By Mr. Murney — May the enemies of this country here, 
and the oppressed of the old, meet each other half seas over. 

By Mr. Pigott — The Irishman as he is, the statesman, 
the general and the glory of his country — May those virtues 
never be diminished, particularly in the land of freedom. 

The 2d Vice-President having retired, the following toast 
was given : 

Our worthy 2d Vice-President, Captain James M'Keon — 
May he have an opportunity of exerting as much bravery in 
the defence of his native soil, as he has done in the protection 
of his adopted country. 

May Irishmen flourish in every climate, and always sub- 
stantiate the character they profess : — " a lion in battle, a 
saint in love, and a brother in charity." 

May the friends of liberty in Europe who have volunteered 
their services in South America, meet the reward they 
deserve. 

Provisions to the unprovided. 

The sons of Irishmen, who fell in vindication of their coun- 
try's rights — May the earth rest lightly on them, and the 
shamrock bloom green o'er their graves, till in future days 
their epitaphs shall be engraved by the hands of freemen. 

On motion of Dr. Macneven, seconded by the whole com- 
pany, the thanks of the company were given to Garrit Gil- 
bert, Esq. for his eloquent and patriotic Oration, delivered 
this day before the Society. 



Under date of March 16, 1819, The " Evening Post " and 
The Columbian " both contained the following: 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 1 79 

Shamrock Friendly Association 

Anniversary of the Shamrock Friendly Association will 
be celebrated on the 17th March inst. at Washington Hall, 
at half past 12 o'clock, P.M. 

1 st. Music. 

2d. The address of Stephen P. Lemoine, Esq. 

3d. Music. 

Members of the society and strangers who wish to partake 
of the anniversary dinner, can procure tickets at the bar of 
Washington Hall, or of the members of the committee. The 
dinner will be on the table at 5 o'clock, P.M. at Mr. M. 
Byrne's Hotel, Fly Market. 

Charles Mahon, Secretary, 

86 Maiden Lane. 

The celebration was a glorious success, " The Columbian " 
of March 20, 1819, saying of it: 



Shamrock Friendly Association 

This Association celebrated their anniversary on the 17th 
inst. — An Oration was delivered at Washington Hall by 
Stephen P. Lemoine, Esq., in which the history of Ireland, 
and its early claim to civilization and literature, were briefly 
and eloquently portrayed, in a manner to call forth the 
warm applause of an intelligent audience. 

The Society partook of an excellent entertainment at 
Byrne's Fly-Market Hotel, after which the following toasts 
were drank : 

1. The Fair Sex — 

Ye are stars of the night — ye are gems of the morn — 
Ye are dew-drops whose lustre illumines the thorn; 
And adorn'd by the bays, or enwreath'd by the willow, 
Your smile is our mead, your bosom our pillow. 

2. The pious and immortal memory of St. Patrick. 

3. The Day — the Irishman's jubilee. — " St. Patrick's 
Day." 



!8o EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

4. The land we inhabit — The memory of Columbus, who 
discovered it; honor to the heroes who bled for it; dignities 
to the patriots who have preserved it: — the bulwark of lib- 
erty; the school of self-government; the envy of royal power; 
the asylum of persecuted worth. — " Hail Columbia." 

5. Erin — Land of our Fathers — May she rise in her great- 
ness; the progress of the human mind will then be no longer 
retarded by the pressure of despotism. — " Exile of Erin." 

6. The President of the United States — Deriving his au- 
thority from the sole legitimate source, the will of the people 
— the first among his equals. — " Rights of Man." 

7. The Vice-President of the United States — " Tomp- 
kins' March." 

8. DeWitt Clinton — The Governor of the Great and Pa- 
triotic State of New York; calumniated by a few partisans 
who are unwilling to acknowledge its [his?] merits, and af- 
fect to support principles, while their only object is place. — 
" Grand Canal." 

9. The Emigrants from Europe — Every republican will 
hail them as friends — every philanthropist will welcome them 
as strangers — " Hail to the Chief." 

10. Gratitude, more conspicuous in actions than in words. 
He whose brows are entwined with the Shamrock may for- 
get his enemies — his friends never. — " Blow, blow, ye winds." 

11. The newly acquired territory of Florida — Its wilder- 
ness will soon fall before the industry and skill of Freemen. — 
" Hail Liberty." 

12. The truly great of every country, who espoused or 
have fallen in order to establish National Independence. 
" Glory of Brian." 

13. Our brethren in South America — Their firmness will 
soon teach their haughty foe, that timely retreat only can 
prevent total destruction. — " Stay at home, ye rogues." 

14. The Grand Canal — The key-stone of the Union. 
" Clinton's March." 

15. General Jackson — A foe to savages in every clime. — 
" Jackson's morning brush." 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 181 

1 6. The heroes of the revolution and late war — The for- 
mer proved themselves apt scholars — the latter, able mas- 
ters. — " Brown's March." 

17. The memory of Washington. — [Silent.] 

18. Thomas Jefferson, the stranger's friend. — " Yankee 
Doodle." 

19. The memory of General Richard Montgomery. 
[Silent.] 

20. The Ocean, the highway of nations — The surface for 
freemen, the bottom for tyrants. — " Liberty, Commerce, 
and Freedom." 

21. The Press — The palladium of Liberty. 

22. A National Debt, for which every man in England 
pays twenty dollars a year: — Republicans, less ambitious, 
remain less blessed. 

Volunteers. 

By the President. — Stephen P. Lemoine, Esq., the Orator 
of the Day — The Phillips of America. — (9 cheers). 

By the First Vice-President — The Grand Canal. — Our 
farmers have grubbed the Roots that impeded the progress 
of the Big Ditch — (6 cheers). 

By the Second Vice-President, pro tern. — Counsellor Phil- 
lips — May his transcendent talents be employed in the eman- 
cipation of his country. — (9 cheers). 

By Stephen P. Lemoine. — The 17th of March — May the 
recollections of this day remain as fresh on your memories 
as your own emblem — the evergreen Shamrock. — (9 cheers). 

By A. T. Spring. — The immortal memory of Robert Em- 
met. — [Drank standing.] 

By Col. Pell. — Talents, integrity, and patriotism — the only 
distinctions of citizenship worthy a nation of freemen. 

By Dr. Arden. — Major General Brown, the hero of the 
North — His great achievements will ever be held in grateful 
remembrance by his fellow citizens. — (9 cheers). 

By George A. O'Keeffe, Esq. — The historian and the war- 



1 82 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 

rior, the patriot and the philanthropist, Sir Robert Wilson — 
the deliverer of Lavalette — (9 cheers). 

By Noah Bartlett, Esq. — A speedy release to the insolvent 
debtor. — (6 cheers). 

By George B. Barry, Esq. — The literary Shamrock of Ire- 
land — May its verdure never be blighted by the press of tyr- 
anny — Moore, Maturin, and Phillips. 

By Lieut. M'Keon. — His honor James M. Wayne, Mayor 
of the City of Savannah — the Stranger's Protector. — (6 
cheers). 

After the President had retired — 

By George Mills — Our worthy President — His valor had 
been proved in the defence of his adopted country. — (9 
cheers). 

By Mr. Burke. — May our Shamrock never be withered by 
the blightening spirit of party. 

By Mr. M. H. Bowyer — Our brother in South America, 
Baptis Irvine — We regret his absence, but are consoled by 
the prospects of his mission being accomplished. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

The Shamrock Friendly Association of New York (Concluded) — A 
Splendid Celebration in 1820 at Washington Hall — The Declaration of 
Independence Read by Jonas Humbert, Jr. — An Oration by George 
Alexander O'Keefe — Another Notable Celebration Held by the Society 
in 1822 — Capt. James McKeon, President. 

In March, 1820, the leading New York papers contained 
this notice, viz : 

Shamrock Friendly Association. 

The Society will celebrate the next anniversary of St. 
Patrick, on Friday next, the 17th instant, at Washington 
Hall. The officers elect will be installed at 2 o'clock, P.M. 
At half past 2 the following exercises will commence, with 
music at intervals, to which the public is respectfully invited 
to attend : — 

1. A Prayer. 

2. An Oration, by George A. O'Keefe, Esq. 

3. Declaration of Independence, by J. Humbert, Jun. Esq. 

4. The Society will dine at 4 o'clock precisely. Gentle- 
men desirous of joining in the celebration of the Festival, 
can be furnished with tickets at the bar of the Hall. 

Jno. Bohan, Sec'ry. 

" The Columbian," March 22, 1820, has the following de- 
tailed report of the event : 



The Anniversary of the patron saint of Ireland was cele- 
brated at Washington Hall, at 2 o'clock P.M. on Friday last, 
by the Shamrock Friendly Association. 

After the prayer, Capt. M'Keon proceeded to the initiation 
of counsellor Lemoine, the president elect, and the other 
officers. 



184 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

The Declaration of Independence was read by Mr. Jonas 
Humbert, Jun. 

George Alexander O'Keefe, Esq. gave the oration in the 
true spirit of a son of the Green Isle. The orator, amidst 
repeated applause, spread before Irishmen, as an example 
worthy their imitation, the virtues and patriotism of their 
forefathers; their unshaken constancy to their God and their 
Country, notwithstanding the unceasing virulence of seven 
centuries of British persecution. He remarked on the happy 
amalgamation in the society of the native with the adopted 
citizen, and drew from it the most happy presages of future 
usefulness. 

At 4 o'clock the company partook of an elegant dinner 
prepared by Mr. MTntire, in his usual style; after dinner the 
following toasts were drank : — 

ist. The day we celebrate — If it must not form a part of 
the first year of Irish liberty, may it at least belong to the last 
year of Irish slavery (3 cheers). Tune — " Tho' dark are our 
sorrows." 

2d. Ireland — Separated from the rest of the world by na- 
ture and an encircling ocean, sufficiently extensive and popu- 
lous for the purpose of independence, may its only political 
relationship with other nations be " Enemies in war, in peace 
friends." (6 cheers.) Tune — " Patrick's Day." 

3d. The United States of America — The land of the free, 
the asylum of the persecuted, the resting place of the exile, 
the home of the emigrant. (6 cheers.) Tune — " Hail Col- 
umbia." 

4. The President of the United States. (3 cheers.) 

5. The Vice President of the United States. (3 cheers.) 

6. The Governor of the State of New York. (6 cheers.) 

7. The memory of Robert Emmet, William Orr, and other 
Irish patriots who resolve to live free or die. (Silence.) 

8. The memory of George Washington — His name is his 
best eulogy. (Silence.) Tune — " Washington's March." 

9. The Army and Navy of the United States — Tune — 
" Yankee Doodle." 



OF ST. PA THICK'S DAY 



i8 5 



10. Agriculture, Manufactures and Commerce — The bases 
of independence, industry and wealth. (6 cheers.) Tune — 
" America, Commerce and Freedom." 

11. The patriots of South America — May the last battle 
be theirs. (6 cheers.) Tune — " Hail Liberty." 

12. The friend of the emigrant and stranger — He cannot 
be a true republican who could be their enemy. (12 cheers.) 
Tune — " The Exile of Erin." 

13. The Fair Daughters of every nation. 

Volunteers. 

By J. Meyher. Our ex-president, Capt. M'Keon — His 
exertions in private have been commensurate with his public 
zeal for the interest of the society. 

By Capt. M'Keon, ex-president — George A. O'Keefe, Esq. 
the orator of the day — The emigrant with genuine Irish feel- 
ing blended with attachment to the institutions of this 
country. 

By the President. The Shamrock, the emblem of our So- 
ciety — May its verdure never be blighted by the Demon 
Spirit of Party. 

By Capt. Davy, first vice-president. The memory of Pat- 
rick Sarsfield, the invincible hero — He procured the treaty 
of Limerick — British perfidy broke it. 

By Jonas Humbert, Jun. 2d vice-president. The patriot 
and philanthropist of all nations — May their united endeav- 
ors produce a derangement of the plans of tyranny, and show 
deluded man his true friend. 

By T. Madden. The Rev. Dr. Taylor — The accomplished 
scholar and philanthropist. 

By J. Bohan. The Rev. Dr. Power — His virtues and tal- 
ents command and receive our esteem. 

By Geo. A. O'Keefe. The memory of Commodore Perry,* 
the Hero of Lake Erie — He well merited the national tribute 
conveyed in the message of the president. 

* Perry's mother, Sarah Wallace Alexander, was a native of Ireland. 



1 86 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

By J. M. Espada. The South American patriots — May 
another Washington arise to lead them through their glori- 
ous struggle to independence. 

By D. M. Byrne. The immortal memory of an Irish pa- 
triot — Wm. Michael Byrne. 

By J. S. Arden. A speedy emancipation to the sons of 
Erin — May they be hail'd as a sister requblic, as also the op- 
pressed of all nations. 

The President having retired — By Capt. North. Our 
President, S. P. Lemoine, Esq. — The friend of the Alien — 
the friend of the Irish Emigrant. 



In 1822, the Association once more honored the memory 
of St. Patrick. The following account of the celebration ap- 
pears in " The Evening Post," of March 22, that year : 



The Shamrock Friendly Association met on Monday, the 
1 8th instant at 5 o'clock, P.M. when the following officers 
were installed : 

Capt. Jas. M'Keon, President. 

Mr. Naphali Judah, 1st Vice President. 

Wm. M'Cluskey, 2d Vice President. 

John W. Wright, Treasurer. 

James Foley, Corresponding Sec'ry. 

Thomas O'Connor, Recording Sec'ry. 

Lieut. P. M'Keon, "1 

Mr. Owen M'Cartin, >■ Com. of Accounts. 

Mr. Francis O'Neil, J 

At 7 o'clock, the members of the Society, with their 
friends, partook of an excellent supper prepared by Mr. 
M'Cluskey; plenty and variety covered the board. 

The following toasts were drank, and the evening cheered 
with excellent songs, during the prevalence of great harmony 
and good humour: 






OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 187 

The day we celebrate, like the religion of its illustrious 
saint, hallowed throughout the universe. — " St. Patrick's 
Day." 

The land of our nativity, Erin is rising in her greatness, 
the progress of the human mind cannot be retarded by the 
puny efforts of the petty tyrants of a day. — " Erin go Bragh." 

The land we inhabit, Incense to the memory of Columbus 
who discovered it; honors to the heroes who bled for it; dig- 
nities to the patriots who preserve it; the Bulwark of Liberty; 
the school for self-government ; the envy of regal power, the 
Asylum of persecuted worth. 

Gratitude more conspicuous in actions than in words. He 
whose brows are entwined with the Shamrock may forget 
his enemies, but his friends never. " Blow, blow, thou bitter 
wind." 

The men of Ireland, before the die is cast, and the day of 
retribution is arrived, may they become in reality what they 
are in name — Irishmen. — " Mary Le More." 

The truly great in every country, who espoused, or have 
fallen in order to establish, or perpetuate, national independ- 
ence, history will do them justice. — " Remember the glories 
of Brian the brave." 

The President of the United States and the heads of de- 
partments, wisdom in council, intrepidity in danger, and 
honour throughout. 

Generals Jackson and Bolivar, the heroes of the North 
and of the South; on ground destined for the residence of 
freemen, the minions of England and Spain fell conquered 
and lie forgotten. 

Our brethren in the South, may those of them who yet 
struggle, meet the success of the victorious. 

The memory of Washington — Caesar and Alexander will 
be forgotten, but the hero of America will live for ever. 

The memory of Montgomery and Emmet — they died en- 
deavoring to give Liberty to the two hemispheres. 

Benevolent institutions all over the world, may they col- 
lectively and individually exercise charity without ostenta- 



j88 early celebrations 

tion, religion without bigotry, philosophy without infidelity, 
arts and science without pedantry, and render impartial jus- 
tice to all mankind, without reference to geographical dis- 
tinctions, climate, colour or language. — " The Poor Negro." 
Woman, lovely Woman, without thee creation were a 
blank — with thee the cup of human happiness is brim full. 
" Cnshla Ma-cree." 

Volunteers. 

By the President. — The rights of man erected over the 
ruins of despotism. 

By the ist V. Prest. — Irishmen, they never turn their back 
to a friend or an enemy. 

By the 2d V. President. — Brethren of all nations, may 
prosperity and happiness attend their views and undertak- 
ings for the progress and happiness of the human family. — 
" Liberty, Commerce and Freedom." 

By the late President. — Don Juan O'Donohu, the friend 
of Old and New Spain. * 

By the Corresp. Sec'ry. — The patriotic and friendly sons 
of St. Patrick, all over the world. 

By the Recording Secretary. — Americans, may it be their 
boast that they are, like Jefferson, the stranger's friend. 

By Mr. Charles O'Connor. — Our President, Captain 
James M'Keon, who in whatever station he has been placed, 
has always acted with honour to himself, and usefulness to 
the cause of liberty, and suffering humanity, when defending 
the country of his adoption on the banks of the Niagara, or 
at the head of a philanthropic society, extending comfort and 
consolation to the exiled sons of his own native land. 

By Lieut. M'Keon. — The Hon. J. C. Calhoun, the stran- 
ger's friend, out of office, as well as in office. 

By Mr. John D. Walsh. — Prosperity to the " Shamrock," 
and every other free and independent press ; may they be 
ever guarded with the jealous vigilance, and meet with ade- 
quate encouragement from a liberal public. 

By Mr. Toohey. — Mr. Lawless, the editor of the " Belfast 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 189 

Irishman," a true patriot, whose bright talents, and un- 
doubted patriotism, gave him a high rank among those wor- 
thies, who, ever and anon, during the long night of Ireland's 
bondage, have burst forth from the dark cloud of ignorance 
with which Britain would fain obscure their unhappy coun- 
try, and showed to the world, that oppression, however it 
may enchain the body, can never conquer the mind. 

By one of the company — Our highly talented countryman 
Danl. O'Connell, Esq., Barrister at Law; the inflexible patriot 
and undeviating friend of civil and religious liberty — he is an 
ornament to his country and profession. 

By Edward C. Quin — Mr. Shays of N. Jersey, the son of 
an Irishman, the sublime and patriotic bard, the effusions of 
whose pen are so uniformly warm and devoted to the cause 
of liberty and the interest of Ireland. 



CHAPTER XIX. 

The Memory of St. Patrick Honored by other New York Organiza- 
tions — The Hibernian Volunteers Dine at Byrne's Hotel in 1796 — The 
Hibernian Friendly Knot have an Observance at the same Place in 1797 
— The Druid's Grand Lodge Celebrates the Day in 1799 — Other Celebra- 
tions Noted. 

We find special mention of two St. Patrick's Day celebra- 
tions in New York city in 1785. One of them was at the 
" Coffee House " and the other at " Capes Tavern." One of 
these observances is believed to have been under the auspices 
of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, but it does not apper 
under whose auspices the other was held. The two observ- 
ances are thus referred to in the " New York Packet," March 
21, 1785: 

Anniversary of St. Patrick. 

Thursday being the anniversary of St. Patrick, tutelar saint 
of Ireland, the same was celebrated at the Coffee-House, 
by a number of respectable gentlemen of that ancient nation, 
with that festivity and good humour for which the brave 
sons of Hibernia, have ever been remarkable. His Excel- 
lency the Governor, his Honor the Chancellor, Hon. John 
Jay, Hon. Judge Hobart, the Attorney General, and several 
members of the legislature, honoured this social knot with 
their company at dinner. 

The same anniversary was also celebrated on the 17th inst. 
at Capes Tavern, by a numerous and respectable company of 
the liberal sons of Ireland. Mirth, harmony and good hu- 
mour was the characteristic of this happy set. Their bump- 
ers were filled to loyalty and universal benevolence. The 
dinner was remarkably excellent, and the wines delicious. 

A resident named Morgan was engaged in the tavern 
business in New York as early as 1786. Under date of 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 19 x 

March 15, that year, he had a notice in "The Independent 
J ournal," reading as follows : 

St. Patrick 

The festival of that ancient, noble and well-beloved Patron 
of Ireland, will be celebrated on Friday next, at Morgan's 
New Tavern, the Sign of the Grand Mason's Arms, on the 
Dock near the Ferry-Stairs, Water Street, where the Com- 
pany of all the well-wishers of that Titular Saint will be ex- 
pected; more especially as Mr. Morgan has much exerted 
himself to have his House in order for the reception of his 
Countrymen, and other well-wishers on that Day, being the 
first of opening. 

New York, March 15, 1786. 

Mr. Morgan's desire to please, was no doubt, appreciated 
by those who assembled on that occasion. Quite an am- 
bitious celebration of the day took place in 1796 under the 
auspices of the New York Hibernian Volunteers. The 
" American Minerva," New York, March 18, thus tells about 
the event: 

St. Patrick's Day. 

Yesterday being the Anniversary of the Tutelar Saint of 
Ireland, a number of young Irishmen who have formed them- 
selves into a military corps called The New York Hibernian 
'Volunteers met to celebrate the Day, at Byrne's Hotel, where 
they drank the following toasts, expressive of their senti- 
ments : 

1. The Day and all who honour it. — 3 Cheers. 

2. The Isle of Saints. 

3. Our adopted Country. 

4. George Washington. The Soldier in War, the Patriot 
in Peace, the Father of his Country and the Friend of Man- 
kind. — 9 Cheers. 

5. The Governor and State of New York. — 3 Cheers. 

6. The Military of the United States. — 3 cheers. 

7. The French Republic, our magnanimous allies. May 
they soon enjoy in peace that liberty which they have so long 



192 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



embraced with enthusiasm, and of which they have been the 
invincible defenders, and all the happiness which liberty can 
bestow. — 9 Cheers. 

8. Rational Liberty — May its mild and beneficent influ- 
ence dispel the mists with which despotism and superstition 
have clouded the genius of our native country. 

9. May the Hibernian volunteers maintain in the New 
World, the honour they have acquired in the Old — 3 
Cheers. 

10. May the inherent courage, hospitality and generosity 
of an Irishman, never be impaired by change of climate. — 
3 Cheers. 

11. The patriots of our adopted country — As soldiers may 
we emulate their courage, and as citizens their virtues. — 6 
Cheers. 

12. May the American Eagle ever expand its wings to 
protect the Irish Harp, and the Harp ever be a worthy sup- 
porter of the American Eagle. 

13. May the conduct of the Sons of Hibernia ever entitle 
them to the esteem and confidence of those of Columbia. 

14. The Sovereign People — May every Citizen be a Sol- 
dier and every Soldier a Citizen. 

15. The Fair Daughters of Columbia — May the Sons of 
Hibernia ever merit and enjoy their smiles. 

Volunteers from the Chair. 

The St. Patrick Society. 
The Corps of New York Rangers. 

After spending the day in harmony and conviviality the 
company dispersed at an Early Hour. 



The following notice was published March 16, 1797: 

The Hibernian Friendly Knot. 

The members of the Hibernian Friendly Knot, are re- 
quested to attend their Prelate at Byrne's Tavern, No. 126 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 193 

Fly-market, on Friday, March 17, to transact business of 
importance, and celebrate the Festival. 

Dinner on the table at 5 o'clock 

Signed by order L. C, Sec'ry. 

" Greenleaf's Daily Argus " of March 18, 1797, pleasantly 
announces that " St. Patrick's Day in the morning, was cele- 
brated very quietly last night." 

In 1799, mention is found of a celebration by an organiz- 
ation known as the Druid's Grand Lodge, though whether 
they claimed anything in common with the Irish druids of 
old, the record does not state. As they met on this occa- 
sion at the " Druid's Head Tavern," it may be that they took 
their name from that hostelry. The notice for the meeting 
here follows : 

Druid's Grand Lodge. 
New York. 

The Brethren resident in New York, are informed that 
the Grand Lodge will celebrate the 17th of March on Mon- 
day, the 18th inst., when the Members will dine at the Druid's 
Head Tavern, James street. 

Mistleto on the table at 4, Dinner on the Table at 5 o'clock 
— Oration at half past 6. 

Signed by order 

Durock G. A. V. A. T. B. 

A communication in " The Morning Chronicle," March 
21, 1805, contains the curious information that " Monday 
being set apart for the celebration of St. Patrick's Day, a few 
sons of the Saint, boarding at the Sheriff's Hotel, met on 
the occasion, at No. 4, on the middle hall, and at 3 o'clock, 
sat down to a handsome dinner, prepared on the occasion, 
when the day was spent in the greatest harmony and conviv- 
iality — Among the numerous toasts and sentiments, the fol- 
lowing were given by the president and vice president. * * * 

" Our Creditors — May they never forget the 31st verse 
of the 6th chapter of St. Luke. 

" 14. Our Landlord — May the iron rod of oppression be 
13 



194 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



ever softened by his humanity and attention towards his 
boarders. * * * 

"17. Judge Livingston — A friend to the distressed pris- 
oners. 

" 18. The Recorder — A speedy arrival to him from Al- 
bany." 

Among the New York observances in 1817 we learn* that 
" a very numerous and highly respectable company cele- 
brated the anniversary of St. Patrick, at the Shamrock-Hall, 
where they partook of an elegant and sumptuous supper; Mr. 
Dennis M'Carty, President, assisted by Mr. J. Humbert, as 
vice-president. Good humour, wit and harmony prevailed 
throughout. The pleasure of the occasion was enhanced by 
the company of several intelligent gentlemen recently arrived 
in New-York from Europe, as well as by that of a deputation 
from the Hibernian Provident Society, for a part of the 
evening. 

" After the 2d toast, an appropriate discourse was pro- 
nounced by Mr. Pyke, the Secretary. It was at once rhet- 
orical and argumentative, and received with universal 
applause. 

" The following are the toasts — the gentlemen giving vol- 
unteers, only partially distinguishable; many being written 
with pencils : " 

1. The Day — Sacred to social intercourse and friendly 
recollections — A health to all who honour it. " Patrick's 
day in the morning." 

2. The Hibernian Provident Society — And all other asso- 
ciations promotive of social good — concert with them and 
felicity to them. Song, " Fill the bumper fair." 

3. The land we live in — " The asylum of oppressed human- 
ity " — May the union of the States last as long as their lib- 
erty, and both be eternal. " Hail Columbia." 

4. James Monroe — President of the United States. In 
France, the friend of the emigrant; every where the friend of 
freedom. " The Eagle of Freedom and Shamrock my boys." 

* " The Columbian," March 18, 1817. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 1 95 

5. The army of the United States — The advanced guard of 
freedom, a good specimen of the nation. " The Star- 
spangled Banner." 

6. The Navy — Whose impressive moral lessons have re- 
formed the pirates of England and Algiers. Song — 

" Ye gentlemen of England, reclining at your ease, 
" How little do you know of the dangers of the seas." 

7. The Militia — An armed nation — " Conscript fathers " 
and conscript sons — every citizen a soldier — every soldier 
a citizen. " Jackson's Morning Brush." 

8. American Manufactures — Let us show the world that 
the nation which could repel the arms of England will not be 
conquered by her arts. " America, Commerce and Free- 
dom." 

9. Ireland as she ought to be — Free, sovereign and inde- 
pendent. " Oh ! had we some bright little isle of our own." 

10. The superabundant population of Ireland — Settlers for 
the superabundant soil of the United States. " When Adam 
at first was created." 

11. France — An asylum of persecuted emigrants — France, 
by whose aid American independence was achieved — who 
neglected the independence of Ireland, and thereby lost her 
own — May that centre of civilization soon become the abode 
of freedom by exchanging the King of France for a French 
government. " Marseillaise Hymn." 

12. The Exiles of France in America — They who cultiv- 
ated the laurel on the Rhine, the Po and the Danube, may 
successfully cultivate the olive and vine on the Mississippi. 
" The Soldier tired of war's alarms." 

13. Cause and Effect — The first emigrants to the Ameri- 
can wilderness, and their independent posterity — " If the one 
had not been the other would not be." " Says Plato why 
should man be vain." 

14. Franklin — The favourite of philosophy, the benefactor 
of the human race — Eripuit ccelo fulmen sceptrumque 
tyrannis. 



196 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

15. General Washington — The great man who com- 
manded an army composed of all nations, was above national 
prejudices. " Tho' the last glimpse of Erin with sorrow I 
see." 

16. George Clinton — Distinguished in the council and in 
the field — his fame is as imperishable as the scenes of his 
actions. " Come on ye hearts of temper'd steel." 

17. Thomas Jefferson — The apostle of liberty, who ex- 
tended to the exiles of Europe that hospitality which the Am- 
erican savages had not denied to the victims of English 
oppression. 

18. The American Fair — The exile stays his pilgrim step 
to offer homage at the shrine of beauty and virtue. 

" The world was sad, the garden was wild. 
And man the hermit sigh'd till woman smil'd. 

Volunteers. 

T. A. Emmet and Dr. MacNeven, our worthy president 
and 1st vice president — Men who dared be honest in the 
worst of times. 

Robert Fox, our 2d vice president — Regret for his ab- 
sence, respect for his worth. 

Robert Emmet — A man in council, though a youth in 
years — a precious offering but a bloody sacrifice — May his 
epitaph be speedily written. 

Thomas Russel, and the glorious army of Martyrs who 
bled at the altar of British despotism — Immortality to 
their names — resurrection to the independence of their 
country. 

(By Capt. M'Keon) — DeWitt Clinton — above prejudice, 
above calumny — a man without guile, a politician without 
reproach — 9 cheers. 

After Mr. M'Carty retired, Mr. Humbert was called to 
the chair, and gave, 

The President of the Day — An honest man, an unassuming 
citizen, and decided republican. 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



197 



The Tammany Society of New- York — Who would divide 
fellow citizens into castes, by excluding the countrymen of 
Montgomery, of Gates, of Steuben, and of La Fayette, from 
fellowship — Let white Indians have as much liberality as red 
ones, and employ the calumet as well as the scalping-knife. 
Song — " When Rome by dividing had conquer'd the 
world," &c. 

(By Mr. Humbert) — The Grand Republican Convention 
of this state, may they echo the wishes of the people — 3 
cheers. 

(By Mr. Dillon) — Daniel D. Tompkins, our late Governor, 
his patriotic services during the late war have been honour- 
ably appreciated by the people. 

Thomas Paine, the herald of civil liberty, the terror of 
kings, the champion of the people — religious opinions aside, 
we cannot forget his political merits — 3 cheers. 

" He left America his debtor ; 

" I wish she e'er may find a better." 

(By Mr. Charles Mahon) — The Emerald Isle — Before the 
next anniversary of our patron saint, may we have the fe- 
licity of celebrating its independence in common with our 
transatlantic brethren — 6 cheers. 

(By Mr. Smith) — The memory of Lord Edward Fitzgerald 
and other patriots who died in defence of their country's 
rights. 

Counsellor Sampson — His indefatigable exertions in be- 
half of the manufactures of this country shall in future 
ages be reiterated by the noise of the shuttle. 

(By Mr. Wall) — General Montgomery — may the next war 
afford an opportunity of writing his epitaph in Quebec. 

(By Mr. Burns) — May the foot of a British tyrant never 
trample on the grave of Lawrence. 

(By Mr. Costigan) — Ireland, a monster — five millions of 
heads and one heart. 

The company separated at a very early hour, * * * 



198 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



From " The Gazette," (N. Y.), of March 20, 1821, we 
learn that : 



A select party of the Friendly Sons of Erin, celebrated 
the Anniversary of their Tutelar Saint at the Commercial 
Coffee-House, Fly-market, on the 17th inst. An excellent 
Dinner was served up at 5 o'clock, in Dillon's best style. The 
following Toasts were drank, and several Patriotic Songs 
were sung; after which the company retired, much pleased 
with their entertainment, and liberality of the evening. 

1. The pious and immortal memory of St. Patrick — May 
the anniversary of the day dedicated to his honor be ever 
kept as a jubilee among Irishmen. 

2. Our Native Land, the gem of the Ocean — May we soon 
have the pleasure of hearing that she has taken the rank 
due to her among civilized nations; to be free and inde- 
pendent. 

3. The United States of America — The asylum of the per- 
secuted, and home of the industrious; may they long flourish, 
free and happy. 

4. The President of the United States — His patriotism, 
virtues and talents have so endeared him to a virtuous people, 
that he has been again called upon to fill the executive chair 
of the most free and happy nation on earth; we wish him 
the blessings of health and happiness. 

5. The Vice-President of the United States — His patriotic 
and public services will always be held in grateful remem- 
brance by an enlightened nation. 

6. The Navy and Army of the United States. — The former 
the gallant supporters of their country's liberty on the seas ; 
the latter' s motto "pro aris et focis " on land; they have 
always done it honor. 

7. DeWitt Clinton, Governor of the State of New- York — 
The profound scholar and accomplished gentleman; his ex- 
ertions to render his native state, in the opinion of the world, 
the first for agriculture, manufactures and commerce, must 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



199 



be always viewed as proofs of his good understanding and 
sincere love for the people. 

8. The memory of the immortal Washington — The great- 
est hero and best man the world ever produced; others have 
conquered to aggrandize themselves and enslave their re- 
spective countries; he to free even the slave, and make all 
independent. 

9. Gen. Andrew Jackson, the hero of New-Orleans — He 
has been always attached to the country which gave his and 
our fathers birth, and evinced in this the land of his nativity, 
that "what's bred in the bone cannot be got out of the flesh"; 
he hates oppression, and punished a tyrant's vassals, when 
the opportunity offered. 

10. The memory of Gen. Montgomery — He gave us an 
example worthy of imitation, by sacrificing his life for the 
freedom and honor of his adopted country. 

11. Our Countrymen throughout the United States, who 
having drank deeply of the bitter cup of persecution in their 
native land, at length dashed it from their lips, and retired 
hither to enjoy the sweets of tranquility — May they never 
prove forgetful of the kindness and philanthropy with which 
they were received. 

12. Our Brethren of the lately acquired Territory of the 
Floridas — May they become useful and faithful citizens, and 
ever hail with joy the anniversary of the day on which they 
were made freemen. 

13. The Republic of Colombia, our legitimate twin sister 
— We hope her example will be followed from the Isthmus 
of Darien to Cape Horn. 

14. The immortal memory of our dear countryman 
Emmet — He loved liberty, and gloriously died for having 
endeavored to make his native land free; a second Washing- 
ton as a patriot, but unhappily not so successful. 

15. The Queen of Great Britain — The conduct of her hus- 
band and his ministers towards her is sufficient to convince 
the world that he is another Henry the Worst; they, his obse- 
quious minions; and clearly shows what the integrity or 



200 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 

honor of that government is in the administration of Irish 
affairs. 

1 6. The memory of Theobald Wolfe Tone, the Sheares, 
and others of our beloved countrymen, who were immolated 
at the shrine of despotism, by the ruthless and exterminating 
hand of tyranny. 

17. Lovely Women — The last, the fairest, and the best of 
creation; may they never take to their arms any but those 
who are willing to cherish and protect them. 

In "The Evening Post" of March 21, 1823, it is stated 
that " The Friendly Sons of Erin celebrated the anniversary 
of their tutelar Saint, at the Commercial Coffee House, on 
the 17th inst. Mr. Dillon furnished a superb dinner, served 
in handsome style. A variety of toasts and songs closed the 
evening's amusement, and the company retired much 
pleased." 



CHAPTER XX. 

An Oration in New York City, in 1824, by William Bayley, Esq.— It 
was Announced to be Delivered in " Military Hall, 11 Spruce St." — An 
Irish Drama Presented at the Chatham Theatre on St. Patrick's Anni- 
versary, 1827 — William McDonnell Gives a Public Dinner, in 1829, " at 
the Bowery Long Room " — A " Shamrock Ball " takes place in 1830. 

Under the head of " Irishmen — St. Patrick's Day," a 
notice appears in the " Advertiser," (N. Y.), March 17, 1824, 
stating that " Wm. Bayley Esq. will deliver an appropriate 
Oration this day at 1 o'clock, at the Military Hall, No. 11 
Spruce st" 

The N. Y. " Commercial Advertiser," March 17, 1827, 
announces that " The warm-hearted sons of Erin celebrate 
the anniversary of their tutelar saint this day. Mr. Niblo 
provides for the wants of the body, and among other delica- 
cies his larder presents the rarity, so early in the season, of 
half a dozen fine shad." The following also appeared in the 
" Advertiser " of this date : 

Chatham Theatre. 

This Evening the Hibernian Drama of " Brian Boroih- 
me": Brian, Mr. Scott; O'Donohue, Stevenson; Terence, 
Anderson; Minstrel, Howard; Tormagnus, Durang; Volti- 
mar, May wood; Erina, Mrs. Wallack; Emma, Mrs. Lacomb; 
Elgitha, Mrs. Entwistle. For Scenery, &c. see bills. 
Comic Song, by Mr. Simpson. And the farce entitled 
" Botheration." Thady O'Blarney, Mr. Anderson. 

Performance to begin at \ before 7 o'clock. 

William McDonnell gave a " public dinner " on St. 
Patrick's Day, 1829. It was announced in " The Evening 
Post " of the day before, the announcement thus reading : 

Public Dinner — In commemoration of the patron saint 



2 02 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

of Ireland, St. Patrick, William McDonnell, at the request 
of many of his friends, proposes to give a Public Dinner on 
the 17th inst. at the Bowery Long Room, No 58 Bowery. 
Tickets to be had at Mr. James Sweeney's, Chatham Row; 
Mr. Joseph Hunt's, do; Mr. Patrick Mangin's, do; Mr. Wil- 
liam C. Sloan's, No. 338 Broadway; Mr. James Harrison's 
Northern Hotel, Cortlandt st; Mr. John Fegan's, No. 126 
Chatham st. ; Mr. Thomas Plunket, Willett and Stanton sts; 
Mr. Edward Flannagan's, Rivington and Goerick sts; Mr. 
P. Duffy, 290 Grand st; Mr. William Friel's, Water street; 
Mr. John McQuade's, Cherry st; Mr. Arthur Ray's, Murray 
st, and at the bar of the Bowery Theatre Hotel. Dinner on 
the table at half past 4 o'clock, precisely. Tickets $1.50. 

N.B. The Long Room will be brilliantly illuminated, 
and a full length likeness of the patron Saint will be exhib- 
ited in the hall. An excellent band of music is engaged and 
will attend on the occasion. 

Wm. McDonnell. 

In 1830, New York had a " Shamrock Ball " in honor of 
the day. " The Gazette " of March 17, had this mention of 
the event : 

" Shamrock Ball — An amusement of this description is 
announced for this evening at the Bowery Theatre. It is 
a pleasant mode of closing the festivities of a day, venerated 
by all ' The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick ' among whom 

" Worth, prosperity, conviviality, 
Open sincerity and good humor dwell." 

Another notice of this ball was published the same day in 
" The Evening Post " as follows : 

" Bowery Theatre. — On St. Patrick's Day, March 17th 
a splendid Ball will be given at this Theatre. The Miss 
Parkers will dance their much admired Irish Hilt to the 
favorite airs of St. Patrick's Day and Katy Lynch. During 
the evening the Irish piper O'Donoghue will perform 
on the wind pipes. Tickets admitting one Gentleman and 
two Ladies $2. Gentleman alone $1; to be had at the Box 
Office of the Park and Bowery Theatres." 

On March 17, 1831, the " Friendly Sons of Ireland " dined 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



203 



at St. John's Hall. The following report " From the Eve- 
ning Journal," was published in the " Evening Post," March 
22, concerning the event : 



St. Patrick's Day. 



Thursday, being St. Patrick's Day, was celebrated by the 
" Friendly Sons of Ireland " in this city in a becoming man- 
ner, and at evening a large number of gentlemen sat down 
to dinner at St. John's Hall and concluded the festivities of 
the day so dear to Irishmen. Dr. Macneven presided, 
assisted by Thomas A. Emmet and Eber Wheaton, Esquires, 
vice presidents. Among the guests on this joyous occasion 
were the Hon. G. C. Verplanck, the Very Rev. Dr. Power, 
Alderman Seaman, and a number of other gentlemen who 
were invited to partake of the hospitality of the Association. 
The Dinner was excellent and was highly creditable to Mr. 
Andrews the worthy landlord of St. John's. After the re- 
moval of the cloth the regular toasts were announced by the 
president, and were received with cheering and echoed by 
bursts of appropriate music from an excellent band. 

Regular Toasts 

1. The day and all who honor it at the feast of reason in 
the flow of soul. Air — " St. Patrick's Day." 

2. Ireland — Delightful as thou art, yet any change from 
what thou art would make thee more delightful still. Air — 
" Exile of Erin." 

3. The auspicious union of Green and Orange, effacing 
forever the dissensions that make of a noble nation a 
wretched province. Air — " Shamrock." 

4. The federal union of Ireland to Britain with a common 
executive, and distinct Legislatures, in place of the Legisla- 
tive Union that enslaves, impoverishes and provokes to 
separation. A National Air. 

5. The United States of America, the birthplace of those 



204 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

liberal principles that are now abroad on the tour of Europe. 
Air — " Hail Columbia." 

6. England, reformed and wise enough to prefer free asso- 
ciates to discontented subjects. National Air. 

7. France — In the van of freedom may she succor as well 
as lead the nations that aspire to it. " Marseillaise Hymn." 

8. The Belgians — Conspicuous among the Revolutionary 
nations, they continue to deserve Caesar's eulogy, " Horum 
omnium fortissimi sunt Belgse." Air — " Hail Liberty." 

9. Poland — May her " Manifesto " produce fruits as glo- 
rious as its immortal prototype the Declaration of American 
Independence. " Washington's March." 

10. Daniel O'Connell — Ireland's incorruptible champion. 
He preserves her peace — may he establish her liberty. Air 
— " See the conquering hero comes." 9 cheers. 

11. The President of the United States — An American 
scion of an Irish stock. " President's March." 

12. Lafayette, the uncompromising advocate of civil lib- 
erty — May his principles predominate in the councils of re- 
generated France. French National Air. 

13. Woman. — The only ruler who governs by right divine. 
Six cheers. Air — " O Love is the Soul of a neat Irishman." 

Several apologies for absence were read by the President, 
and among others was one from his honor the Mayor, and 
another from the Vice President, who was prevented by ill- 
ness from appearing. 

The following note from William Sampson, Esq., directed 
to Dr. Macneven, was listened to with evident satisfaction. 
It plainly indicated that although that gentleman was absent 
in body, he was present in spirit. 

" Dear Doctor — I regret that from the yet unconfirmed 
state, I cannot take upon me the duties of a Vice President 
at the approaching commemoration of our tutelar Saint. I 
am past service for a dinner party, but I will volunteer to do 
garrison duty as an invalid; and whilst you and your good 
company, with wine cup in hand, make all crack and shiver, 
from the foundation to the roof, by force of agitation, I will 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 205 

get up an under-plot of a conspiracy to avoid proclamations, 
at my own fireside, composed of two or more persons be- 
sides our household gods; and we will say and do whatever 
may be said or moved upon the strength of hot coffee, or 
by virtue of young hyson, to promote the great cause, by 
abstaining from riot, and keeping the peace.. 

" In the mean time, express for me, and in your best man- 
ner, my regret that I cannot be with you, and my thanks 
for this and every other mark of kind regard, to the com- 
mittee of the Society. I have not dined from home but once 
since the last anniversary, and then it was with my brethren, 
the Friends of Ireland and of Civil and Religious Liberty, on 
the 25th November, and it was not with impunity. We 
shall, however, drink to your happy meeting, and to the 
health and honest intentions of you all, with three times three 

" Yours, as ever, truly 

" William Sampson 
" Of the order of pacificators. 

" Lispenard-st, Monday, March 14, 1831." 

After the reading of the letter, Dr. Macneven proposed 
" Absent Friends " — and in conjunction with this toast, the 
name of " William Sampson " was repeated, and received 
with " three times three." 

Mr. Verplanck being called upon for a sentiment, rose and 
addressed the Chairman in a pertinent speech in which he 
paid a just tribute to the splendid talents of the great men 
who have figured in Irish history, and pronounced a severe 
stricture upon the policy of the English government in re- 
paying the Irish, who had nobly and devotedly defended the 
cross of St. George against its enemies, by neglect and con- 
tumely, and with wrong and injury. Mr. Verplanck con- 
cluded his remarks by offering the following toast, which was 
received by long and continued cheering : — 

Ireland — She has for years lent the genius and valor of 
her sons to the service of a government which has repaid 
her only with wrong — she now claims that genius and valor 



20 6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

for herself; may they be henceforward devoted to Ireland's 
liberty, happiness and glory. 

The Very Reverend Dr. Power was invited by the Presi- 
dent to propose a sentiment. This gentleman was listened 
to with the profoundest attention, and we find ourselves at 
a loss to do justice to the beautiful and classical remarks 
which fell from the reverend gentleman on the occasion. He 
commenced by observing to the President, that it would 
perhaps be matter of surprise when he should say, that until 
now, the return of the anniversary of Ireland's patron Saint, 
had invariably filled his heart with sorrow and depressed his 
feelings with sadness. But how could he feel otherwise, when 
he saw the liberties of his native country swallowed up in 
tyranny, and the strong arm of power exerted to crush his 
beloved countrymen to the earth. It was true, he observed, 
semblances of freedom were held out to Ireland, but they 
were mere shadows — deceptive practices to amuse, and not 
intended to convey benefit to the people. He could not com- 
pare them better than to liken them to the toys which are 
placed before children to tickle the fancy — they were unreal, 
and did not better the condition of mankind. But a new 
era dawns upon Ireland, and she may now look forward to 
more cheering times. She calls for freedom, and none will 
deny that she has reason for her appeal. The learned gen- 
tleman closed his remarks by an apt reference to the pro- 
phetic words of Curran, and sat down amidst warm applause 
which resulted from the deep emotion created by his brief 
address. The reverend gentleman proposed : 

The immortal memory of Curran, who told England " not 
to imagine that a nation containing at least two thirds of the 
military population of the empire, would remain on her 
knees, in hope of the interval, when cruelty and folly may 
work themselves to rest, and humanity and justice awake." 

Mr. C. C. Rice, being called on for a sentiment, prefaced it 
with the following remarks : — 

" Mr. Chairman — If, on common-place occasions, when 
convened round the festive board of private friendship, we 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 207 

feel an expansion of social philanthropy and a buoyancy of 
spirit — how much more, then, on the present occasion 
should we feel our united influence gushing pure and fervid 
from the sacred tide of that " Amor Patriae " which is a com- 
ponent part of the Irish existence, breathed by nature and 
nature's God into him with that very breath which vivified 
him in embryo. 

" Yes. Sir, if there is anything can add an additional 
impetus to our feelings, it is the occasion on which we are 
assembled ! — to pour a festive libation on the day of Ireland's 
National Festival — a day made sacred by religion, memor- 
able by glorious events, and hallowed by a mighty people's 
fond remembrance! The present crisis of things portends 
much for Ireland — we see she has once again taken up the 
gauntlet and entered the lists of the fight. We see her 
boldly standing forth and before Heaven and earth demand- 
ing a full reinstation of those rights which are her own, her le- 
gitimate, her unalienable rights, which a demoralizing policy 
basely wrested from her — she at length sees that she too long 
calmly succumbed to the encrimsoned hand of British an- 
archy — she feels the mournful lesson it has taught her — she 
sees that no one who feels her wrongs dares to right them; 
and no one who knows her motives dares to vindicate them. 

" Ireland knows the importance of her assuming a formal 
and decisive stand — she is now united! — the barrier of reli- 
gious dissensions is burst, and Irishmen of every creed and 
every sect rally round their common country's cause, and 
call aloud for legislative reform — ' A repeal of the Union.' 
The eyes of enlightened Europe are awake, and anxiously 
watch her energies; their sympathies are aroused at the jus- 
tice of her cause — and if she but receive the timely, the co- 
operating hand of the friends of Ireland, the friends of liberty, 
and the friends of man, she will, she shall, ere our next anni- 
versary, have wrenched from the iron hand of her oppressors, 
the ' magna charta ' of her legal rights — a resident Parlia- 
ment. 

" Ireland expects the friends of civil and religious liberty 



2o8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

to aid her in her mighty work. She looks, sir, to her Amer- 
ican friends. She leans pensively on some cliff overhanging 
the Atlantic's surge, and sees with fancy's eye on the distant 
horizon a golden sunbeam as herald of American co-opera- 
tion. And shall we then coldly blast her hopes, and refuse 
her silent, yet no less forcible appeal? No — no! It shall 
never be said that the kindly eye of American philanthropy 
wants the tear of sympathy for a nation that struggles for 
her native freedom. She has warmly shared it with the na- 
tive land of Bozzaris, and she will not refuse it to the land of 
Montgomery. Yes, sir, to that land whose sons stood firm 
and unshaken by her side in the hour that ' tried men's 
souls ! ' Irishmen in Ireland can no longer assemble to speak 
the wrongs of their country. Then let that be the duty of 
Irishmen in America. Let us often assemble, agitate, and 
make public through the press the wrongs of Ireland; and 
anticipating much good from such a course, permit me, sir, 
to give as my toast : 

" America and Ireland ! — May the Genius of Liberty which 
blesses the land of Washington, soon be seen unfurling her 
' Sun Burst ' of victory over the tomb of Emmet." 

Mr. Mason being called for a song, gave the " Sprig of 
Shillalegh," with the following additional verses written for 
the occasion : 

" May heaven bless the land that gave Paddy his birth, 
Burst the soul-piercing bonds of that green spot of earth, 

Where grows the shillalegh and shamrock so green 
When her sons nobly rous'd, shall by unity's charm, 
Her oppressors repel, her dissensions disarm 
And Erin triumphant, at Freedom's pure shrine, 
Shall victory's laurel in glory entwine 

Round a sprig of shillalegh, and shamrock so green." 

Mr. Brady of one of the Deputations, after returning 
thanks for the handsome reception he met at St. John's, pro- 
posed — 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



209 



Success to every struggle for civil and religious liberty 
throughout the world. 

By the Deputation from the Cottage House. — The Union 
of Irishmen — may it soon repeal the British Union. 

By G. C. Rice. — The Liberty of Poland — long looked for; 
coming at last; bloody or bloodless, as the case may be — 
the sooner the better. 

" Where's the slave so lowly 
Condemn'd to chains unholy, 
Who, could he burst his bonds at first, 
Would pine beneath them slowly." 

Several Deputations from other assemblies of the warm- 
hearted sons of Ireland and their friends were received dur- 
ing the evening, and other addresses, which did credit to the 
heads and hearts of the speakers, were made by Major M. 
Moses, Mr. McKeon and other gentlemen, and the evening 
was spent with much good feeling. An ode from the pen 
of Mr. Shays was sung with great effect, and we regret that 
our limits do not permit us to publish it to-day or give the 
substance of the eloquent remarks of the speakers referred 
to. We conclude by appending several volunteer toasts. 
Dr. Macneven having retired from the chair, the Vice-Presi- 
dent proposed : 

Dr. Wm. Macneven, a patriot of '98 — Still clinging to the 
destinies of his country. — Universally respected for his tal- 
ents; universally admired for his fidelity to the cause of 
liberty. 

By Mr. McKeon. — The Youth of Ireland, may each one 
become a Hercules in crushing the serpent of oppression. 



On St. Patrick's night, 1832, an "Erin ball" took place 
in New York, the " Gazette " stating the day before that 
" The young sons and grand-sons of Erin, young men of the 
first respectability, give their first Ball this evening at Ma- 
sonic Hall. On this occasion fashion and beauty, with char- 
14 



2io EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

acteristic glow of feeling, will.be exhibited in the best style. 
We intend to accept an invitation to attend this Ball." 
The N.Y. "Evening Post" of March 9, 1832, announces a 

Grand Hibernian Ball 

On St. Patrick's Eve, Friday, the 16th, at Concert Hall, 
Broadway. 

E. H. Conway has the pleasure of informing his patrons 
that the Grand Hibernian Ball will take place on Friday 
evening, the 16th at Concert Hall. A brilliant band is en- 
gaged, leader Mr. Brown. Mr. Kendall will play on the 
harp several national airs during the evening. The com- 
mittee will be appointed on Saturday evening next, and fur- 
ther particulars made known in a future advertisement. 

Mr. C. solicits a general attendance of his patrons at the 
ball as the proceeds are to be given to the Orphan Asylum 
in Prince st. 

Tickets $1 to admit one gentleman and two ladies. 

We learn from the N. Y. " Evening Post," that the 
" Friends of Ireland " again celebrated the day in 1832 by 
a dinner, this time at the Bank Coffee House. Speaking of 
this event, " The Post " has the following detailed report : 



Celebration of St. Patrick's Day. 

By the " Friends of Ireland," at the Bank Coffee House, 
17th March, 1832. 

In obedience to those feelings which the true sons of Saint 
Patrick have ever cherished at the return of their exhilarat- 
ing anniversary, a large and respectable company, composed 
of Irishmen, and those who approve the principles for which 
the patriots of Ireland have struggled, sat down to an un- 
usually sumptuous and elegant dinner, prepared by their 
worthy host Mr. James Doran, Jr. proprietor of the old 
established Bank Coffee House. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 2 n 



James B. Sheys, Esq. was elected President. 

Captain John Bant, ist Vice President. 

Edward Maginness, 2d Vice President. 

Lawrence Langton, ^ 

Daniel Kearney, ! 

Patrick McCafferty, f btewards - 

John Rusk, J 



Regular Toasts. 

1. The day we celebrate — Though it dawns and closes 
upon us as exiles, yet we gather the memorial shamrock by 
its light and rejoice. 

Original song — " While round our board the wine is 
bright." 

2. Ireland — The gloom of despotism has failed to obscure 
the genius; the chains of slavery have not destroyed the 
energies of her sons. 

Air — " Remember the glories of Brian the Brave." 

3. The United States of America — The best model of a 
perfect government; securing the rights and increasing the 
happiness of the people. 

Song — " The Wanderer's Home." 

4. Poland — Her cities have bowed to the despot, but her 
name cannot perish while patriotism is revered or freedom 
worshiped. 

Air — " The Marseillaise Hymn." 

5. The President of the United States — Raised to the 
proudest distinction of earth by the will of a free people — he 
sustains in the cabinet the glory acquired in the field. 

Original song — " An Irishman's son our President is." 

6. Daniel O'Connell — The timid may hesitate; the sus- 
picious may accuse; but the patriot stands undaunted — a 
beacon to his countrymen; a rock to their foes. 

Air — " Erin go Bragh." 



2I2 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

7. Civil and Religious Liberty — The birth-right of man! 
endangered by demagogues; denied by bigots; opposed by 
tyrants. 

Air — " A man's a man for a' that." 

8. The Governor of the State of New York — Honored by 
his station and honoring his station. 

Air — " Clinton's Grand March." 

9. Charles Carroll of Carrollton — The last actor in the 
most sublime scene of the world's drama — Ireland's inesti- 
mable contribution to the greatness of America. 

Air — " The Star-spangled Banner." 

10. The United Irishmen and their Principles, Religious 
Liberty and Self Government — The one is gained, the other 
is in progress. 

Air — " Cushla ma cree." 

11. The memory of Thomas Addis Emmet — He loved his 
impoverished country better than her rich oppressors- — he 
won the hatred of traitors and the applause of freemen. 

Air — " The harp that once through Tara's Halls." 

12. The English Reform Bill — Ireland, indignant at the 
disenfranchisement of her forty shilling freeholders, and dis- 
trusting the efficacy of reform, insists upon repeal. 

Air—" Garry Owen." 

13. The Fair — The only power from which all Irishmen 
do not ask a " repeal of the Union." 

Air — " To Ladies eyes around Boys." 

Volunteer Toasts. 

By James B. Sheys, Esq., President. — The Patriots of '98 
— Political Elijahs ! they depart, but the mantles remain with 
their children. 

By Capt. John Bant, 1st Vice President. — St. Patrick's day 
— May its remembrance be eternal as the wishes of every 
patriot. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 213 

By Mr. Edw. Maginnis, 2d Vice President. — May England 
do justice to Ireland, and if she don't 

By Mr. John Rusk. — Montgomery — with the character- 
istic enthusiasm of his native country, he grappled with the 
enemies of liberty in their citadel, and expired in the heroic 
attempt to restore millions to the most sacred gift of heaven. 
Irishmen are proud of his glory. Americans are grateful 
for his co-operation, and Freedom has recorded him as one 
of the noblest of martyrs in her cause. 

By Mr. John M'Kinley — Charles Carroll of Carrollton — 
The last of that devoted phalanx who lifted upon the storm 
the banner of American independence. In the evening of 
his existence, the glory of his exertions, like the departed 
sun, is not the less brilliant because they have passed from 
amongst us. 

By Mr. James Doran Jr. — Erin! our native Erin — May 
we live to see her achieve what her patriotic countrymen are 
now struggling to obtain — her freedom and independence. 

By Mr. John Twomey — Literature — One of the grand 
repositories of the human intellect; to which, the sons of 
Ireland have made ample and splendid contribution. 

By Captain Denman — America! — May her independence 
be a perpetual refutation of monarchical theories, and her 
principles so diffuse themselves as to spring up in every soil 
and invigorate every people. 

Dr. Rice rose and said he was fully aware that he had al- 
ready occupied a considerable portion of their valuable time, 
nor did he rise to make a second trial of their unmerited 
and evident partiality, for which he felt duly grateful. But 
yet he congratulated himself on the toast he was about to 
propose, which he was convinced would be received with 
a cheer and a bumper. It was the health of 

Dr. Wm. Jas. Macneven, and Councillor Wm. Sampson. 
The exiled patriots of their native Isle — two nations feel 
proud of their existence — and Irishmen on this day tender 
them the tribute of grateful remembrance. 

Music — " Here's a health to them that's awa." 



214 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 

" The Literary and Catholic Sentinel " of Boston, Mass., 
under date of March 14, 1835, announces that " The Young 
Friends of Ireland will celebrate, [in Boston], the Anniver- 
sary of the Patron Saint of Ireland, at the Franklin Hall (in 
the same building with the Mechanics Exchange) on Tuesday 
next, the 17th inst. Those gentlemen who have handed in 
their names (none others) are informed that they can obtain 
tickets at No. 18 School street; over P. Mooney's Book- 
store, on Saturday evening or at this office." The foregoing 
was signed by the " Committee of arrangement," viz : E. C. 
White, Wm. Daily, Patrick Flynn, Patrick O'Neil and Pat- 
rick Donahoe. 

The same paper in reporting this celebration states that 
among those who responded to toasts, etc., on the occasion 
were the Rev. Mr. Polin, J. B. Clinton, M. A. Neif, John 
Kelly, Edward C. White, Patrick Donahoe, C. J. Howland, 
James D. Fitzgerald, Laurence Connell, T. Mooney, S. J. 
Rogers, and Michael Hamilton. 

Another Boston celebration in 1835 was that under the 
auspices of the Sons of Erin, which took place beneath " the 
hospitable roof of Major Coburn, of the Merrimac House." 
N. W. Ryan is believed to have been president of the organi- 
zation at this period. Rev. P. Connolly was one of the guests 
on the occasion. Toasts were offered, or addresses made, 
by Michael Burrows, Thomas Read, James Smith, Lawrence 
Hill, Thomas Hyde, Owen M'Cosker, Ambrose Keating, 
Thos. H. Fales and Richard Savage, the latter of Salem, Mass. 
On St. Patrick's Day, 1835, a celebration also took place 
at Salem, Mass., one of the centres of the old witch craze. 
The celebration was by the Friends of Ireland, dinner being 
served at the Mansion House. Rev. Mr. Brady presided, 
" and was ably assisted by the vice-president, Mr. Dalrymple, 
an ancient resident of Salem." Among the " invited guests 
was Mr. Palfray, the talented editor of the ' Commercial Ad- 
vertiser,' and a true friend of democracy and of Irishmen. 
Mr. Pike, too, a spirited citizen of Salem, added the pleasure 
of his presence to our festivities." 



CHAPTER XXI. 

Celebrations by the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa. — 
Stephen Moylan, First President of the Organization — Many Dis- 
tinguished Men of the Revolution Members of the Society — Washington 
is " Adopted " into Membership — Wayne, Knox, Barry, Hand, Irvine and 
other Notable People on the Rolls — Twenty-seven Members Subscribe 
£103,500 in Aid of the Patriot Army. 

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia, Pa., was instituted on March 17, 1771. We may 
be sure that upon that occasion the memory of the Saint was 
duly honored. Indeed, the date selected for organizing the 
Society, together with the name chosen, indicates the fealty 
of the founders to the great apostle of Ireland. 

At the start, the Friendly Sons numbered 30 members, 
of whom six were classed as honorary. No creed lines 
were drawn, and in the Society " Catholics, Presbyterians, 
Quakers and Episcopalians were united like a band of 
brothers." The requisite for active membership was that 
" the applicant must either have been a native of Ireland 
himself, or one of his parents must have been so, or he must 
have been a descendant of a member." This requisite did 
not apply to honorary members of whom ten were eligible. 

Stephen Moylan was the first to fill the office of president, 
and with him were elected John M. Nesbitt as vice-president, 
and William Mitchell as secretary and treasurer. The other 
original active members were: Thomas Barclay,* John 
Boyle, Andrew Caldwell, Samuel Caldwell, George Campbell, 
George Davis, Thomas FitzSimons, Tench Francis, Col. Tur- 
butt Francis, Benajmin Fuller, George Fullerton, Ulysses 
Lynch, George Meade, James Mease, John Mease, Matthew 
Mease, John Mitchell, Randle Mitchell, John Nixon, John 
Shee and William West. 

* John, James and William Barclay also became members of the Society. 



2i6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

The first honorary members were John Dickinson, William 
Hamilton, William Hicks, Henry Hill, Robert Morris and 
James Searle. 

The founders of the Society were nearly all prominent 
in business life and men of property and high social position. 
Some of them had extensive shipping interests and were en- 
gaged in commerce with Europe, India and other parts. 
Several of the founders later attained distinction as patriots 
of the Revolution. Moylan, for instance, the first president 
of the Society, became a renowned military officer, served 
on the staff of Washington as Quartermaster-General, and 
later recruited the Fourth Pennsylvania Light Dragoons 
and commanded the same. As a cavalry leader, he has been 
termed the Phil Sheridan of the Revolution. 

George Meade, another of the founders of the Friendly 
Sons, subscribed £5000 to furnish provisions to the army. 
A total of £103,500 was subscribed by twenty-seven members. 
Matthew Mease was an officer of the " Bonhomme Richard " 
and served under Paul Jones in the desperate engagement 
with the British 44-gun ship " Serapis," in which engage- 
ment Mease was wounded. 

John Mease was a brother of Matthew and was among the 
force that crossed the Delaware with Gen. Washington on 
the night of Dec. 25, 1776, and surprised the Hessians. He 
was also a member of the detail told off to maintain the fires 
along the front of the American encampment, to outwit the 
foe, while the patriots secretly moved in another direction 
to fall upon the rear guard of the British at Princeton. 
Later, he subscribed £4000 for the patriot cause. In his old 
age he was affectionately spoken of as " the last of the cocked 
hats," owing to his continuing to wear the three-cornered 
hat of the Revolution. 

John Mitchell, another of the founders, was a wealthy 
merchant. He became Muster-Master-General of the Penn- 
sylvania navy in which position he is recorded as " serving 
without pay." He was captain of the " Ranger," 1776. 

Thomas Barclay was president of the Friendly Sons from 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 217 

June 17, 1779, to June 17, 1781. In 1780 he subscribed 
£5000 in aid of the army. He is spoken of as " a man of 
elegant manners." Tench Francis was for a long period 
agent for the Penn family in Pennsylvania. He became 
cashier of the Bank of North America, being the first to hold 
that position. He was a son of an Attorney-General of the 
Province of Pennsylvania, and subscribed £5,500 in 1780 for 
the patriot army. 

John Shee was appointed, by Congress, to command the 
Third Pennsylvania regiment. He served in the campaign 
of 1776, and was taken prisoner after the battle of Long 
Island. In 1777 he was made a member of the State Board 
of War. He subscribed £1000 in aid of the patriot forces. 
He is described as " a man of excellent manners and good 
acquirements." He became a General of Pennsylvania state 
troops after the war and was appointed collector of the port 
of Philadelphia by President Thomas Jefferson. He was also 
city treasurer of Philadelphia. 

John Nixon was " an ardent, active and most efficient 
friend of America in the Revolutionary struggle." He it 
was who, on July 12, 1776, in Philadelphia, read the Declara- 
tion of Independence to the people it being the first time 
that immortal document was so read in public. He was 
commissioned Colonel, and gallantly led his regiment at the 
battle on Long Island, wintering with the army at Valley 
Forge. He became president of the Bank of North Amer- 
ica, was a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania and held 
other positions of honor and responsibility. The foregoing 
brief mention of a few of the founders will serve to illustrate 
what manner of men were they who instituted the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia. 

The famous " Light Horse of the City of Philadelphia," 
subsequently known as the " First Troop of Philadelphia 
Cavalry," was organized in 1774 and numbered among its 
original members ten or a dozen of the Friendly Sons. Of 
the 88 names on the rolls of the Troop during the period of 
the Revolution, not less than 30 were those of members of 



2I 8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

this patriotic Irish society. Over a dozen of the Friendly 
Sons became members of the Society of the Cincinnati at 
the organization of the latter and are numbered among the 
original members thereof. 

The Friendly Sons observed St. Patrick's Day in 1772 at 
'' Mullan's Tavern," Philadelphia. The company included 
16 active members, three honorary, and ten " visitors " 
among whom was " His Honour, the Governour." Of the 
members absent, James Mease, William Mitchell and Ulysses 
Lynch were reported as " beyond sea." The honorary 
members present were John Dickinson, Robert Morris and 
Henry Hill. 

At a meeting held June 17, 1772, it was voted that " All 
the Stock that may be in the Treasurer's hands on the 17th 
March next to be apply'd towards that day's Expence." 

Early in its career, the Society adopted a gold medal, of 
special design, as a badge of membership. These medals 
were each " of the value of three guineas." Every member 
was required to supply himself with one and to wear the 
same at meetings of the organization. Failure to do so on 
St. Patrick's Day, subjected the neglectful member to a fine 
of 7s 6d. Omission to wear the medal on days of the quar- 
terly meetings carried with it a fine of 5s, unless for some 
legitimate reason the same were remitted. 

St. Patrick's Day, 1774, was observed by the Friendly Sons 
by a meeting at " Smith's Tavern," at which were present 
22 " ordinary " members, 7 honorary, and a number of 
guests. Among the latter were " His Honour, the Gover- 
nor," John Penn. 

At a meeting of the Society's council, March 6, 1775, 
James Mease, Thomas Barclay and John M. Nesbitt were 
ordered " to wait on Mr. Smith and agree with him for a 
Dinner for thirty persons at 3s 9d per head and make choice 
of the wines and other liquors for the occasion." It was 
also decided " that the anniversary meeting on the 17th 
inst. be at the City Tavern, & dinner on Table at 3 o'clock," 
and " that the Governor, and all strange gentlemen that may 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



219 



be in Town at that time, have an invitation card sent them 
by the Secretary." The event thus arranged was held at 
the time and place fixed and proved a very enjoyable occa- 
sion. Among the members present were Anthony Wayne, 
Thomas FitzSimons, John Nixon, Thomas Barclay, John M. 
Nesbitt, James Mease, John Cadwalader, Lambert Cad- 
walader, John Dickinson, Samuel Meredith, Henry Hill and 
Richard Bache. Stephen Moylan was absent as were also 
Tench Francis, Col. Turbutt Francis, John Shee and a num- 
ber of others. 

The council of the Society held a meeting at J. M. Nes- 
bitt's March 11, 1776, and made arrangements for the ob- 
servance of St. Patrick's Day, the same to take place March 
1 8th. At this council meeting it was " Ordered, That Mr. 
Nesbitt and Mr. Mease speak for dinner at Mr. Smith's 
Tavern, for thirty gentlemen, to be on table at four o'clock, 
on Monday, the 18th inst., and that they shall choose the 
wines and other liquors for the occasion." The observance 
took place as mapped out. Gathered around the hospitable 
board were Anthony Wayne, Samuel Meredith, Andrew 
Caldwell, William West and a large number of other con- 
genial gentlemen. Stephen Moylan was absent and was 
fined 7s 6d. A significant proceeding at this meeting was 
the expulsion of Thomas Batt from the Society " for taking 
an active part against the Liberty of America." 

The Friendly Sons held a quarterly meeting June 17, 1776. 
Then occurs a lapse in the records which is explained in the 
following minute : 

" The State of Pennsylvania having been invaded & the 
City of Philadelphia taken by the British Army under the 
command of General Sir William Howe in September, 1777, 
the Society had no meeting until September, 1778. The 
minutes of the meetings in September and December, 1776, 
& in March & June, 1777, are unfortunately lost." 

" Though the minutes are silent," says John H. Campbell 
in his splendid history of the Society, " the members were 
not. The history of Philadelphia in the Revolution and of 



220 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

the Revolution itself is incomplete without a record of the 
patriotic services of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 
Whether in the field or upon the sea, or in giving freely of 
their goods, money and time to the Revolutionary cause, 
we find their names ever prominent." 

The first recorded meeting of the Friendly Sons, after the 
British evacuation of Philadelphia, took place at the City 
Tavern, Sept. 17, 1778. Only nine members attended, 
several of the others being absent in the army, the navy, or 
in other branches of the public service. Those who were 
present at the meeting were President Benjamin Fuller, 
Sharp Delany, James Mease, John Boyle, John Mease, Blair 
M'Clenachan, John Mitchell, Samuel Caldwell and Henry 
Hill. Among the new members admitted was Gen. William 
Thompson. 

It is probable that St. Patrick's day was observed by the 
Society in 1779, but the records cannot be found. At a 
meeting on June 17, 1779, Col. Walter Stewart, Col. John 
Patton, Capt. John Barry, John Dunlap and James Crawford 
were admitted to membership in the Society. 

The meeting on St. Patrick's Day, 1780, was attended by, 
among others, Col. John Nixon, Col. John Shee and Col. 
Walter Stewart. At a meeting on June 17, 1780, two new 
members were admitted, — William Erskine and Col. Ephraim 
Blaine. 

On St. Patrick's Day, 1781, an unusually interesting meet- 
ing was held, the attendance being large and the enthusiasm 
over the approaching close of the war being very marked. 
Among the " visitors " who enjoyed the hospitality of the 
organization on this occasion were: President Reed of 
Pennsylvania, Chevalier Paul Jones, Speaker Muhlenberg, 
Governor Hawley, Col. Richard Butler, Col. Ternent, Dr. 
Burke, Capt. Nicholson, Don F. Rendon and others. At 
this meeting. Gen. William Irvine and Col. Richard Butler 
were elected to membership. Other members admitted 
during the year included Col. Charles Stewart, Dr. John 
Cochran, who was Director of the Hospitals of the Conti- 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 221 

nental Army; Capt. Isaac All and William Constable. In 
1782 were elected to membership, — Gen. Henry Knox, Gen. 
Edward Hand, Capt. Thomas Reed, and other distinguished 
n\en. 

J On Dec. 18, 1781, the Friendly Sons " unanimously 
adopted " Washington " as a member of the Society." This 
ineeting was held at " George Evans' " and was well at- 
tended. The guests included Gen. Howe, Maj. M'Pherson 
and John Lardner. An address was ordered presented 
Washington notifying him of his " adoption," and James 
Mease surrendered his own medal to be given " His Excel- 
lency." Subsequently, the President and the Secretary of 
the Society waited upon Washington and presented him the 
following : 

May it please your Excellency, 

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in this 
City, ambitious to testify, with all possible respect, the high 
sense they entertain of your Excellency's public & private 
Virtues, have taken the liberty to adopt your Excellency a 
member. 

Although they have not the cloathing of an Civil estab- 
lishment, nor the splendor of Temporal power to dignify 
their election, Yet they flatter themselves, as it is the genuine 
offspring of hearts fill d with the warmest attachments, that 
this mark of their esteem and regard will not be wholly un- 
acceptable to your Excellency. 

Impress'd with these pleasing hopes, they have directed 
me to present your Excellency with a gold medal, the ensign 
of this fraternal Society, which that you may be pleased to 
accept, and long live to wear, is the earnest wish of 
Your Excellency's 

Most Humble and Respectful Servant, 
By order & in behalf of the Society, 
Geo. Campbell, President. 
To His Excellency, General Washington, 

Commander-in-chief of the Allied Army. 

To the foregoing, Washington gave this answer: 

Sir: — I accept with singular pleasure, the Ensign of so 
worthy a Fraternity as that of the Sons of St. Patrick in 



222 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

this city — a society distinguished for the firm Adherence of 
its Members to the glorious cause in which we are embarked. 
Give me leave to assure you, Sir, that I shall never cast 
my eyes upon the badge with which I am honoured, but with 
a grateful remembrance of the polite and affectionate man- 
ner in which it was presented. 

I am with Respect and Esteem, 

Sir, your mo. ob. servant, 

George Washington. 
To George Campbell, Esq., President of the Society of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, in the city of Philadelphia. 

Washington was a guest of the Society " at the City 
Tavern," Jan. i, 1782, the dinner being given especially in 
his honor. Gen. Steuben, Gen. Howe, Gen. Moultrie, Gen. 
Knox, Gen. Hand, Gen. Mcintosh, Mr. Luzerne, Maj. Wash- 
ington, Count Dillon, Count De La Touche and several 
others attended. 

At the St. Patrick's Day celebration by the Friendly Sons, 
in 1782, Washington was again present, this time as a mem- 
ber. The event took place at " George Evans'," on Monday, 
March 18. George Campbell presided and the occasion was 
a brilliant one, the guests including Gen. Lincoln, Gen. Dick- 
inson, Gen. Moultrie, Baron Steuben, Col. Tilghman, Col. 
Humphreys, Maj. Moore, Maj. Walker, Maj. McPherson, 
Capt. Colfax, Capt. Truxton and other officers. Anthony 
Wayne, Richard Butler and other members were unable to 
attend, being " at camp," while Capt. John Barry was re- 
ported as " beyond sea." 

Another splendid celebration of St. Patrick's Day was 
that under the auspices of the Friendly Sons, March 17, 
1783. The guests included the President of Congress, Hon. 
Elias Boudinot; Chief Justice Thomas McKean, Gen. Baron 
Steuben, Gen. McDougall, Gen. Lincoln, and Col. Mercer. 

Of the members there were present, among others : John 
M. Nesbitt, Gen. John Shee, Gen. John Cadwalader, Col. John 
Nixon, Col. Ephraim Blaine, Col. Thomas Robinson, Col. 
Charles Stewart, Col. John Patton, Col. Lambert Cadwala- 
der, Capt. Thomas Read, George Meade, Blair McClenachan, 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



223 



Thomas FitzSimons, Sharp Delany, Samuel Meredith, Henry 
Hill, Tench Francis, Archibald Gamble and Richard Bache. 
Gen. Moylan, Gen. Wayne, Gen. Hand and Gen. Shee 
were among the members present at the banquet on St. 
Patrick's Day, 1784, while at the celebration on March 17, 

1785, Gen. Armstrong, Chief Justice McKean, Judge Hop- 
kinson, Capt. Clark and Capt. Cain were noted among the 
guests. 

A meeting of the Society's Council was held March 10, 

1786, at which it was " Ordered that the Secret'y be directed 
to Issue the notices to all the members to meet on Friday, 
the 17th Inst, at Edward Moyston's at ^2 past 4 o'clock, 20 
dinners to be bespoke, Gen'l Moylan to speak for the Dinners 
and examine the liquors." The event took place in due 
form. The company included Moylan, Wayne, Barry, 
Nixon, FitzSimons and other members, while Gen. Mifflin, 
Gen. Armstrong, Col. Howard, Judge McKean and Judge 
Hopkinson were present as guests. 

Twenty-one of the Friendly Sons, and several guests, ob- 
served the anniversary of St. Patrick in 1788. From this 
date until Sept. 17, 1792, the records of the Society are 
meagre, though St. Patrick's Day was doubtless faithfully 
observed each year. St. Patrick's memory was duly honored 
by the Friendly Sons, March 18, 1793. The guests included 
Hon. Thomas Jefferson, secretary of state; Hon. Alexander 
Hamilton, secretary of the treasury; Gen. Henry Knox, 
secretary of war ; Associate Justice James Wilson of the U. S. 
Supreme Court ; Gov. Thomas Mifflin and a number of other 
distinguished men. 

On March 17, 1794, the organization dined at " Mostan's 
Tavern " and the year following, at the same place. In 
1796, the anniversary was observed " at the house of Samuel 
Richardt." This is the last entry in the records. The 
organization had been declining for some time, and though 
it is believed to have been in existence as late as 1803, DUt 
little is known of that part of its career. 

John H. Campbell in his History of the Society states that 



224 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



at that date (2 September, 1803), it " was probably but a 
shadow of its former self, kept alive, no doubt, by General 
Moylan and a few of his old companions for association sake. 
We can fancy them seated at dinner on St. Patrick's Day, 
talking over the golden days of the Society — how General 
Washington was made an Irishman by adoption, and how 
he signed the constitution — how Mad Anthony Wayne cap- 
tured Stony Point — how Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Ham- 
ilton, Paul Jones and other distinguished men honored the 
Patron Saint of Ireland — how John Nixon, Thomas Fitz- 
simons and others were fined for not wearing their Society 
medals at dinner — how glorious and patriotic a part the 
members took in achieving American Independence." 



CHAPTER XXII. 

Other Celebrations of the Day in Philadelphia — Observances by the 
Hibernian Society of that City — Hon. Thomas McKean, LL.D., Presi- 
dent of the Organization; Gen. Walter Stewart, Vice-President, and 
Mathew Carey, Secretary — Commodore John Barry, Gen. Edward Hand, 
Col. Charles Stewart, Col. Francis Nichols and other Prominent Men 
among the Members. 

On March 3, 1790, the Hibernian Society for the Relief of 
Emigrants from Ireland was instituted at Philadelphia. The 
Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city, was 
still in existence, and several members of the latter also 
joined the new organization. 

Campbell says : " The old Society was in its decline, and 
the members doubtless felt that a new organization was 
needed with a broader scope than the other." A notice 
appeared in the "Pennsylvania Packet," March 4, 1790, 
stating that " At a select meeting of Irishmen, summoned 
to take into consideration the formation of a Society for 
the protection and relief of Irish Emigrants, there were 
present — John Maxwell Nesbitt, chairman; James Crawford, 
Patrick Moore, William Finlay, Thomas Lea, John Brown, 
Hugh Holmes, Thomas Proctor, Matthew Irwin, William 
Nichols, John Taylor, Matthew Carey." * 

According to the subscription paper, the Society's mem- 
bership was to be confined to " natives of Ireland, or descend- 
ants of Irishmen," but later this restriction was removed. 
The Hibernian Society, by which name it was popularly 
known, completed its organization April 5, 1790, and elected 
Hon. Thomas McKean, LL.D., president; Gen. Walter 
Stewart, vice-president; Mathew Carey, secretary; John 
Taylor, treasurer, and a number of other officers, including 
Charles Heatly and Jasper Moylan, counsellors, and Blair 

* Carey himself spelled his first name — Mathew, that is, with one " t." 
15 



22 6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

McClenachan, a member of the " Committee of Corre- 
spondence." 

The Society was incorporated Aug. 4, 1792, among the 
incorporators being " the Honorable Thomas McKean, 
LL.D., Chief Justice of the Commonwealth aforesaid, 
Brigadier-General Walter Stewart," and a large number of 
others. These included Edward Carrell, Patrick Ferrall, 
Paul Cox, James McCrea, James Barclay, Mathew Carey, 
Joseph Brown, Henry Toland, John Leamy, Archibald 
Bingham, John McLaughlin, James Alder, George Baker, 
Alexander Henry, Patrick Moore, John McClelland, Andrew 
Porter, Samuel Bayard, Sharp Delany, M. M. O'Brien, 
Oliver Pollock, Jasper Moylan, George Meade, Samuel 
Kingsley, James McClure, Robert Rainey, Hugh Holmes 
and David McCormick. 

March 7, 1793, the secretary, Edward Fox, issued the 
following notice : " The Hibernian Society for the relief of 
emigrants from Ireland will dine together at Mr. Patrick 
Byrne's in Front street on Monday, the 18th instant. Such 
members of the Society as mean to attend will please leave 
their names with the Secretary, or with Mr. Byrne, on or 
before Thursday next that dinner may be provided accord- 
ingly. Dinner to be on the table precisely at half past 3 
o'clock. The members are desired to take notice that the 
Society will meet at Mr. Byrne's at one o'Clock on the same 
day to transact business, and that such members who have 
commuted, or intend to commute, their early dues will re- 
ceive certificates therefor by applying to the treasurer." 

The event was carried out in due form as arranged. : ' The 
Federal Gazette," March 22, 1793, says of it: 



On Monday last the Hibernian Society for the relief of 
emigrants from Ireland held a meeting at Mr. Byrne's in 
Front street, and proceeded to the choice of their officers 
for the ensuing year. * * * After finishing their busi- 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 227 

ness, the Society sat down to an elegant entertainment pro- 
vided by Mr. Byrne. The following toasts were drank: 

1. The immortal memory of St. Patrick. 

2. The President and Congress of the United States. 

3. The Governor and State of Pennsylvania. 

4. The St. Andrew's Society. 

5. The St. George's Society. 

6. The German Society. 

7. The French Benevolent Society. 

8. Every prejudice which tends to promote charity and 
benevolence. 

9. Emigration from the Old World. May the love of 
liberty always surmount the attachment which men feel for 
the place of their nativity. 

10. The Republic of France. 

11. The volunteers of Ireland, and all who arm in the 
cause of the rights of man. 

12. Henry Grattan, of the Kingdom of Ireland. 

13. Political and Religious Freedom to all the nations of 
the earth. 

14. The memory of the Patriots who have fallen in the 
cause of Freedom. 

15. May the blessings of the present American govern- 
ment be transmitted to our latest posterity. 

16. May the Universe be formed into an Republican So- 
ciety, and every honest man enjoy the blessings thereof. 



St. Patrick's Day, 1796, was observed by the Society in 
accordance with the following notice issued March 14: 

" HIBERNIAN SOCIETY FOR THE RELIEF OF EMIGRANTS 
FROM IRELAND. 

" The members of this corporation are hereby notified that 
a stated meeting of their Society will be held on Thursday 
next, 17th instant, at two o'clock in the afternoon, at the 
Harp and Crown Tavern in Third Street, and that the said 



22 8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

Society will hold their anniversary feast at the same place 
on that day; such members as mean to attend the feast will 
be pleased to leave their names at the Bar of the Tavern on 
or before Tuesday evening, that dinner may be provided 
accordingly. « E. Fox, Secretary. 

" Dinner to be on the table at 3 o'clock precisely." 

On St. Patrick's Day, 1797, the Hibernian Society met at 
" Mr. McShane's tavern " and " sat down to an elegant 
dinner, in company with some of the officers of the other 
charitable societies, and other gentlemen invited on the occa- 
sion. The evening was spent in that social conviviality where 
' wit, song, and sentiment ' add a zest to the pleasures of the 
festive board, and reluctantly admit the painful idea of a mid- 
night separation." 

In 1799, the Society again observed the anniversary at 
McShane's tavern. The " Philadelphia Gazette " says of 
the event that after an election of officers, the members " in 
company with the officers of the other charitable societies 
of this city, * * * sat down to an elegant dinner, and 
spent the day in the utmost degree of perfect harmony." 
The following were the toasts on this occasion : 

1. The glorious and immortal memory of St. Patrick. 

2. The President of the United States. 

3. Lieutenant-General Washington. 

4. The Governor and State of Pennsylvania. 

5. Commodore Barry and the navy of the United States. 

6. The army of the United States. 

7. The memory of the heroes who fell in establishing the 
Independence of America. 

8. Captain Truxtun, his officers and gallant crew. 

9. The German Society. 

10. The St. George's Society. 

11. The St. Andrew's Society. 

12. The Welsh Society. 

13. May information, submission to the laws, and good 
order, ever be characteristic of the citizens of Pennsylvania. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 229 

14. Peace with dignity, or war with energy. 

15. Old Ireland, peace and prosperity to her. 

16. The American Fair. 

On St. Patrick's Day, 1802, the Society again dined at 
" McShane's." On March 16, 1803, a meeting was held at 
" Mr. Kitchen's Coffee House," while in 1804, St. Patrick's 
memory was honored at " Mr. Hardy's Inn." The anni- 
versary dinner in 1806 was at " Vogde's Hotel." 

On March 17, 1807, the Society dined at the " Mansion 
House Hotel " and there " partook of an excellent dinner 
prepared by Mr. Renshaw, and served up in excellent style. 
Benevolent and patriotic toasts, interspersed with wit, senti- 
ment and song, kept them together until they hailed the 
morning of Shelah's day." 

In 1808, the Society honored St. Patrick by another meet- 
ing at the Mansion House and " Dinner removed, the ex- 
hilarating juice was kept in free circulation, whilst with 
toast, song and conversation, emanating from hearts filled 
with benevolence, patriotism, and respect for the Fair, due 
honor was done to the memory of St. Patrick." 

The following notice was issued for the celebration held 
March 17, 1809: " The members will please take notice that 
the anniversary dinner will be at the Mansion House and 
served up precisely at half-past 3 o'clock; and that it would 
greatly assist the arrangements now making for that occa- 
sion, if those members who intend to celebrate the feast of 
St. Patrick would take the trouble of leaving their names 
with the Secretary (No. 217 High street) on or before 
Wednesday the 15th inst. The anniversary of this year will 
be particularly interesting, as the members will have the 
pleasure of hearing that the funds of their benevolent insti- 
tution will be greatly enlarged by a very liberal donation 
from the trustees of the estate of the late Mr. John Keble." 
This notice was signed by Robert Taylor, the secretary. 

The anniversary was observed, the list of toasts being as 
follows : 

1. The immortal memory of St. Patrick. In the celebra- 



230 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



tion of this day, may we resolve, that " where liberty dwells 
there shall be our country." 

2. The land we live in. May the Union of these States 
be dear to every one of their adopted sons. 

3. The land we left. May the hospitality of America be 
known as a refuge for the oppressed, a relief to the indigent, 
and a reward to the industrious. 

4. The memory of George Washington. May the sons 
of Hibernia truly appreciate the worth of those heroes and 
patriots who have secured the American asylum for the op- 
pressed of every nation. 

5. The President of the United States. May all political 
controversies be reduced to one head, " how best to promote 
the interests of our common country." 

6. The Governor and the Commonwealth of Pennsyl- 
vania. May her canals be sunk, her furnaces be blasted, and 
her manufactures consumed. 

7. The Press. May its freedom be encouraged, its licen- 
tiousness punished. 

8. The union of the confederated states of America. May 
it be perpetuated. 

9. The Militia, the Army and Navy of the United States. 
May the memory of those who have fallen in defense of civil 
liberty be gratefully cherished, and the services of those who 
survive ensure the esteem of their country. 

10. The Agriculture, Manufactures and Commerce of the 
United States. As their true interests are inseparable, may 
they mutually support each other. 

11. The Education of Youth. May our legislature be 
persuaded that the public purse can never be so well applied 
as in the Education of Youth, it being the best security for 
good morals, good laws and the preservation of our rights 
and liberties. 

12. The People and the Laws. May the people respect 
the laws, and the laws protect the people. 

13. Republican Governments. May we never lose sight 
of our rights or the practice of our duties. 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA I 



231 



14. The memory of Mr. John Keble. 

15. The St. Andrew's, the St. George's, the German, the 
Welch, and all other benevolent societies. 

16. The great family of mankind. May the whole human 
race be united by charity as a common tie, and enjoy liberty 
as a common inheritance. 

17. The Fair Sex. 

March 17, 1810, the Society met at the " Mansion House 
Hotel," and on March 17, 1812, at the City Hotel, South 
Second street. 

Campbell in his History of the Society recalls that the 
latter has numbered among its members such eminent 
people as Commodore John Barry, Gen. Edward Hand, Col. 
Francis Nichols, Col. Charles Stewart, Col. Thomas Proctor, 
Col. Christopher Stuart, Lieut. Col. George Latimer, George 
Bryan, who had been vice-president of Pennsylvania; 
Thomas FitzSimons, a signer of the Federal Constitution; 
Samuel Caldwell, clerk of the U. S. District Court; John 
Donnaldson, Auditor-General of Pennsylvania ; John Nichol- 
son, Comptroller-General, and many others. In 1819, Gen. 
Andrew Jackson became a member of the Society. 

St. Patrick's Day, 1813, was celebrated by the Hibernian 
Society with great enthusiasm. The war with England was 
then in progress, and among the toasts was this : " A Speedy 
Peace, upon such terms as the United States ought to grant 
and the Enemy ought to accept." Among the other toasts 
were ones to " The Memory of George Washington," ' The 
Militia, Army and Navy of the United States," " The Presi- 
dent and constituted authorities of the Union " and others 
of a patriotic nature. 

During this war, many members of the Society actively 
participated in the military operations. Several became 
commissioned officers. Of the four aides to Gov. Snyder at 
one period, during the war, three were members of the Hi- 
bernian Society. The " Volunteer Greens " was the name 
of a military company organized in Philadelphia during that 
struggle. 



232 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



On March 17, 1814, the Society held its anniversary din- 
ner, among the guests being " the Right Reverend Bishop 
White, the Reverend Doctor Blackwell, the Reverend Doc- 
tor Abercrombie " and representatives of various charitable 
organizations. 

St. Patrick's Day, 181 5, was likewise appropriately ob- 
served. Major-General Scott was one of the guests, the 
others including Bishop White and the Rev. Doctors Black- 
well and Abercrombie. The toasts were of particular in- 
terest. A few of them are here given : 

The Militia of the Union. Prompt to repel invasion, and 
ready to support the Laws and put down insurrection. 

The Army of the United States. They have, agreeably 
to our former wish, " fought themselves into public favor," 
and have continued to deserve it. 

The Navy of the United States. Public confidence fills 
every sail; public expectation fulfilled by every officer and 
by every sailor. 

The volunteers who assembled for the Defense of this 
District. May their patriotic exertions be a theme for future 
emulation. 

The brave Scott, Brown, Jackson, McComb and the long 
list of citizen soldiers who have shown that America only 
wants an occasion to exhibit her heroes. 

Commodores Porter and Decatur. Triumphant in de- 
feat ; may they receive, as they richly deserve, the universal 
applause of their country. 

The heroes of the Lakes, Perry and Macdonough, names 
rendered immortal in the page of American History. 

Peace. Thrice welcome to our shores. May she long 
continue to bless us with her presence and banish all conten- 
tions which might disturb her repose. 

At the celebration of St. Patrick's Day in 1816, among the 
toasts were : " Our Sister Societies. The St. Patrick's and 
Hibernian of New York ; the Erin and St. Patrick's Benevo- 
lent Societies of Philadelphia." Another toast was " The 
Ocean. Free for every Flag, not the property of any." A 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



233 



third was : " Our fellow-citizens, prisoners in Carthagena. 
A speedy relief to them — peaceably, if we can; forcibly, if 
we must." 

Successive St. Patrick's days were similarly observed by 
this sturdy organization, a celebration being held each year. 
On March 17, 1838, the " Society sat down to dinner in the 
United States Hotel at -| past 4 o'clock to the number of 
sixty and were honored with the company of the Presidents 
of the Welsh Society, the French Society, the Mayor of 
the City, and other distinguished guests." It is stated that 
" Deputations were received from the ' Montgomery Hibernia 
Greens,' dining at the ' Star Hotel,' Harmony Court, and 
from associations of Gentlemen celebrating the day at 
' Hogan's ' and at ' Fagan's,' which were reciprocated by 
the Society ; and ' after spending the evening with the highest 
degree of social enjoyment, the company retired at a late 
hour.' " 

St. Patrick's Day, 1842, was observed, by the Hibernian 
Society, at the Union Hotel. Among the guests was Chas. 
I. Du Pont, of the " Committee appointed by the State of 
Delaware to superintend the removal of the remains of 
1 Haslet ' in July last." Among the toasts were: 

The Emerald Isle. Renowned in song, in fable, in poetic 
interest, in chivalry and in genius. 

The United States of America. May they ever continue 
free and united, unharmed by domestic anarchy or foreign 
foe. 

The memory of Montgomery, Haslet, and the other noble 
martyrs, who nourished with their blood the infant tree of 
Liberty, under whose widespread branches we now repose. 

The memory of our late distinguished and lamented vice- 
president, Gen'l Callender Irvine. " An honest man — the 
noblest work of God." 

The State of Delaware and the memory of her " Haslet." 
She has still Irish hearts and hands able and ready to protect 
and defend her, should necessity require it. 

The military escort of the Philad'a and Washington Greys 



234 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



and their gentlemanly commander, who accompanied the 
Conree of the Hibernian Soc'ty to Dover with the remains 
of "Haslet"; the Society appreciates their worth and 
services. 

At the anniversary dinner in 1844, " 53 members and their 
friends " participated. One of the most striking toasts was : 
" The memory of our predecessors of the Revolutionary 
time, — ' The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,' a Society (in 
the language of Washington) ' whose members were distin- 
guished for their firm adherence to the glorious cause of 
American Liberty.' ' At the dinner on March 17, 1845, one 
of the toasts was one to " Alexander Henry, the last survivor 
of the gentlemen who founded (organized) the Hibernian So- 
ciety. May he live long to approve its usefulness, and illus- 
trate by the example of his benevolence its origin and design." 

On Dec. 17, 1845, the Society had a permanent fund of 
$16,850. In 1869, this had increased to $36,406,188. In 
1877, ^ was $39> I 597 I - I n 1886, the funds stood at 
$61,581.79. On Dec. 17, 1892, the Society had 538 mem- 
bers and a fund of more than $65,000. Early in 1901, the 
Society numbered over 600 members and had over $72,000 
in the treasury. In December, 1897, the Hibernian Society 
changed its name to the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, a title 
that had been borne by its predecessor. 

At a banquet under the auspices of " St. Patrick's Benevo- 
lent Society," Philadelphia, March 17, 181 1,* the following 
toasts, among others, were drank : 

The Day. On its next return, may the resurrection of 
Erin and its delivery from seven hundred years of British 
Bondage, be celebrated with the heartfelt enthusiasm that 
liberty creates. 

The American Eagle. " Fostered under thy wing, we will 
die in thy defense." 

Erin — Gifted by nature with all that could make man 
happy, but by foreign oppression rendered most miserable — - 
may the last yell of her cruel tyrants soon be heard. 

* From the " Shamrock," March 23, 1811. 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



235 



The Sovereign People— May they teach their agents that 
the blood and treasure of freemen were not expended, nor 
the constitution of the union framed, for the purpose of creat- 
ing an undue treasury influence. 

The memory of Genl. Montgomery, and the other Irish- 
men, who shed their blood in support of American Inde- 
pendence. May their glorious examples ever animate the 
sons of Erin, who seek to enjoy in the land of their adoption, 
the blessings denied them in the land of their forefathers. 

The memory of Robert Emmet and other patriots of Ire- 
land, who suffered death by the torture, in attempting to 
establish the freedom of their country — their epitaphs shall 
yet be written on the tombs of their murderers. 

The Sons of St. Tammany and St. Patrick — May they ever 
be an united family, and bear in mind that division would 
give a triumph to the foes of both — the enemies of freedom. 



CHAPTER XXIII. 

The Day in Baltimore, Md. — A Celebration there as early as 1795— 
Mention of a Military Parade that Year by the First Battalion of the 
Twenty-seventh Regiment and the Independent Light Dragoons — Stew- 
art's Irish Brigade, Keating's Irish Grenadiers and Weaver's Artillery 
Participate in a Celebration in 1798 — Interesting Anniversary Exercises in 
other Years — The Hibernian Society of Baltimore. 

We are indebted for this chapter on Baltimore celebra- 
tions to a paper on the subject by Mr. Charles W. Bumpo. 
The paper was recently read before the Irish Historical So- 
ciety of Maryland and was subsequently published in con- 
densed form in " The Gael " of New York City. The 
following is the substance of the production as it appeared 
in " The Gael " : 

Irishmen were among the first settlers of Baltimore. 
Fifty years before the American Revolution, Irish names are 
found on every page of the annals of the future Southern 
metropolis. But it was not until after Independence had 
been achieved that the current of immigration from the 
Green Isle set so strongly toward Baltimore as to lead to 
special Hibernian observances and reunions in that city. 
* * * In 1 79 1 the Irish Catholics were there in numbers 
large enough to cause the founding of St. Patrick's church, 
the second Catholic congregation in Baltimore. 

Nurtured by Archbishop John Carroll, himself a Mary- 
lander of Irish blood, this parish steadily grew and for more 
than a century has been the chief centre of the religious 
observance of the day of Ireland's saint. Archbishop Car- 
roll, until his death, took part annually, and the preachers 
and officiating clergymen included many who were, or later 
became, distinguished prelates of the American Catholic 
hierarchy. 



EARL Y CELEBRA TIONS OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



237 



Of the social and festive side of these recurrences a cen- 
tury ago less has been preserved, but many paragraphs are 
scattered through the files of old Baltimore newspapers. 
Every reader who has delved into a newspaper set of more 
than half a century ago must be painfully aware that more 
local news is omitted than is given. Nevertheless, we have 
gotten together a narrative which could easily be expanded 
beyond the limits of available space. 

There are several curious points common to these old 
Irish banquets. Probably the most surprising thing when 
comparing them to a modern banquet, is the large number 
of sentiments for which the guests were expected to raise 
their glasses; sometimes twenty, and often thirty. More- 
over, impromptu toasts were generally added. 

Wheresoever men were righting for independence — the 
Greeks in the Orient, the Spanish colonists in South America, 
the down-trodden masses of Europe — their deeds were not 
too far away to be applauded in Baltimore on St. Patrick's 
Day, at a time when the memory of Emmet and the chain 
of Irish revolutionists were also honored. So, too, we find 
them declaring year after year against that political faction 
in America which favored closer bonds with Great Britain 
and which developed almost treasonable schemes when the 
war of 1 81 2 came on. 

Rather amusing to us is the time of day at which these 
gatherings were held. Usually, they were at 3 o'clock in 
the afternoon. Only twice has mention been found of night 
affairs. The first was in 181 1 when St. Patrick's Day fell 
on a Sunday and Saturday night was chosen for the celebra- 
tion. The chronicler is careful to inform us that the crowd 
broke up at 11 o'clock, precisely, that night. The night 
affair was repeated two years later, but not again for many 
years. 

With reference to the men participating in these reunions : 
They were the leading merchants of Baltimore in their day. 
The same sheets which mentioned their attendance at the 
Hibernian banquet contained their latest importations from 



2 3 8 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



Europe, Asia or the West Indies. They were the leaders of 
Baltimore's trade, the founders of the city's commercial 
greatness. 

It is impossible to pick out the first St. Patrick's Day 
observance in Baltimore. The earliest of which mention 
has thus far been found was in 1795. In the " Federal Intel- 
ligencer " for March 14th of that year appears the following: 

st. Patrick's ball. 

The gentlemen who are desirous of subscribing to a ball 
to be held at the New Assembly Room on Tuesday, the 17th 
instant, are requested to apply to Mr. Grant's barkeeper. 

Mr. Daniel Grant was the proprietor of Baltimore's lead- 
ing hostelry, the famous Fountain Inn, the predecessor of 
the present Carrollton Hotel and the place where General 
Washington and many noted men put up in those days. In 
1790 Mr. Grant had built on the opposite corner the New 
Assembly place for large entertainments and balls. This 
Hibernian jollification of 1795 was one of the last of such 
affairs there, for the following winter the building was sold 
to the Methodists for a college. 

There was to have been a parade on this same St. Patrick's 
Day, 1795, but it was abandoned because of the unexpected 
severity of the weather. Notices in the dailies announced 
that the first battalion of the 27th regiment, Maj. William 
Lowry, and the Independent Light Dragoons, Capt. John 
Bowen, would parade. The writer knows but little of these 
militia bodies except that the light dragoons were most prob- 
ably Irishmen, as they wore green uniforms. Of Captain 
Bowen we have ascertained nothing, but Major Lowry subse- 
quently became Colonel of the 27th. He was a well-known 
merchant. 

There were balls again on St. Patrick's Day, 1797, but no 
mention of militia turnouts. The Assembly Room having 
been sold, the dances were held in the Fountain Inn, the 
management of which had changed from Daniel Grant to 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



2 39 



James Bryden. There is no subsequent newspaper account 
of these affairs, our information being gleaned entirely from 
prior advertised notices. 

Concerning the celebration in 1798, we find the following 
in the Baltimore " Telegraph " : 

Saturday being St. Patrick's Day, a number of respectable 
citizens composed principally of the sons of Hibernia, dined 
together at different places of entertainment for the purpose 
of celebrating the same; where good humor and harmony 
prevailed and many patriotic toasts were drank. At eleven 
o'clock Captain Stewart's Irish brigade and Keating's Irish 
grenadiers, accompanied by a detachment of Captain Wea- 
ver's artillery, with two pieces of cannon, marched to Federal 
Hill and fired three volleys in honor of the day. After- 
wards they partook of an elegant entertainment at Captain 
Stewart's, where mirth and universal good humor prevailed 
at the festive board. 

During the next five years, no mention has been found, in 
the Baltimore papers, of St. Patrick's Day observances in 
that city. In 1803, however, the following account appears 
in the " American Patriot," March 19 : 

The 17th inst. has been celebrated according to ancient 
custom, with great festivity and merriment, by the sons of 
St. Patrick in this city. Though the Irish harp has been for 
some time unstrung, yet there was no lack of pipers, fiddlers 
and flutes on Patrick's Day in the morning. A band of 
patriotic and excellent musicians paraded the principal 
streets, and complimented several gentlemen with airs most 
grateful to those who are always alive to Eire go Brath. 

In the evening there was a subscription ball given at the 
Columbian Inn (West Baltimore Street), by some of the 
most respectable Irish characters in the city, when the ladies 
of Hibernia had an opportunity of displaying their agility 
and native charms. 

On this day we were happy in not witnessing any marks of 
national prejudice or disrespect, so common but so disgrace- 
ful and illiberal in the other cities. 

In the next issue we gain a glimpse of the existence of 



240 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



that insulting custom of suspending a " stuffed Paddy." It 
was a custom which in several subsequent years caused seri- 
ous trouble and which was practiced by rag-tags and bob- 
tails even within the recollection of middle-aged Balti- 
moreans. In 1819 a " stuffed Paddy " on the mast-head of 
a ship in the harbor ended in bruised heads. Says the editor 
of the " American Patriot " in 1803 : 

We flattered ourselves in our last that on St. Patrick's 
Day no person had presumed to exhibit a Paddy effigy in 
public in derision of the Irish. We are sorry, however, since 
to learn that a Paddy had been dressed and sported on the 
top of Peters' brewery in this city. As this, perhaps, was 
an exception to the conduct of the entire city of Baltimore, 
we are induced to inquire what could have been the motive 
for the display of so much illiberality and prejudice; from a 
quarter, too, that lives by the patronage and custom of the 
public, of whom the Irish people constitute no small portion. 
And if the answer to this enquiry should not prove satis- 
factory, we are convinced the Irish have spirit and sense of 
national honor more than sufficient to convince any indi- 
vidual in this city that their feelings and honest pride are not 
to be wantonly sported with. 

In this same year — 1803 — the Hibernian Society, which 
still exists, was formed, and from that year on banquets were 
held on St. Patrick's Day with almost unvarying regularity. 
I shall introduce you to one or two of which occurred prior 
to 1 81 5 — at which I have set my limit — but first let me give 
you a bit of the earliest history of the Hibernian Society, as 
it is by no means well known. 

The society was organized in 1816, and its records, its 
portraits of presiding officers and all its reminders of the 
past, except one old banner, date from that later period. 
Prior to 1816, the society was known as the Hibernian 
Benevolent Society of Baltimore. The call for its forma- 
tion I quote from the " Federal Gazette " of Monday, 
August 15, 1803 : 

Emigrants are arriving from Ireland; many of them are 
in a friendless and forlorn condition, deprived of health and 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 241 

an asylum. They have a claim upon those that have pre- 
ceded them, to whom industry has proved propitious. There 
are many, very many of our inhabitants who feel all the 
influence of compassion, and who impatiently wait to be in- 
formed how they may make themselves useful to unprotected 
adventurers. A meeting of those who are so disposed, 
whether foreigners or native, is requested to-morrow even- 
ing at four o'clock at Mr. Bryden's tavern, Laight Street, 
in order to devise a plan by which their benevolent design 
may be carried into execution. 

Four meetings were necessary for the society to be 
launched with a complete scheme of organization and enough 
subscribers to insure any progress. These occurred on the 
evenings of August 16, September 13, October 4 and 
October 8. 

John Campbell White, the grandfather of a distinguished 
Maryland lawyer, William Pinkney White, former Mayor, 
Governor and United States Senator, must be regarded as 
the founder of the Hibernian Society. His name is the only 
one appearing in these preliminary notices and he was chosen 
the first president and re-elected annually until his death, 
ten years later. Mr. White started a distillery when he first 
arrived in Baltimore from Ireland and made much wealth 
out of it. 

The first complete list of officers found is in connection 
with the report of the 1805 banquet, which like all subse- 
quent banquets until 181 1, was held at Fulton's tavern. 
Thomas McElderry appears as the vice-president, George 
Salmon as treasurer, Doctor John Crawford as secretary, 
and the following as an executive committee : David Stewart, 
Stuart Brown, Luke Tiernan, James Ramsey, Robert Moore, 
Thomas Dickson and John Campbell. Many of these names 
are familiar to Baltimoreans. McElderry had a soap and 
candle factory and lived in Northwest Baltimore, where a 
street preserves his memory. Salmon, Stewart, Tiernan and 
Brown were merchants and importers. Salmon was also a 
magistrate. Stewart was the ancestor of a family of promi- 
nent merchants and lawyers. 
16 



24 = 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



Brown belonged to the famous family of bankers in Lon- 
don, Liverpool, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore. 
Tiernan was a really eminent merchant of Baltimore and was 
president of the Hibernian Society when there were many 
demands upon its benevolence. Crawford and Moore were 
physicians and the latter also a coroner. Ramsey was a 
ship chandler, Dickson a hardware dealer and Campbell a 
grocer. 

William Patterson had already made a fortune as an 
importer and merchant. By Baltimore's citizens he was 
honored, because he gave them a large park in the eastern 
section of the city, but among a wider circle is known as 
the father of a famous and beautiful daughter. She was 
Elizabeth Patterson, who in 1803 married Jerome Bona- 
parte and gained the implacable hatred of the great Na- 
polean. 

Captain John O'Donnell, who gained a fortune in trade 
with China, has many prominent descendants in Baltimore 
and was also an ancestor of the Iselins of New York. John 
Oliver subsequently endowed the Hibernian Society with a 
school which has been in operation ever since his death 
in 1823. John Kennedy was of that stock which bred John 
Pendleton Kennedy — novelist, congressman and cabinet offi- 
cer — and his brother, Anthony Kennedy, a United States 
Senator from Maryland. Such were the prominent Balti- 
more Irishmen in 1805. 

Let us now return to the Hibernian Society's banquet of 
1805 and give the list of toasts, the sentiments of which 
may sometimes amuse. " After transacting their business," 
the " Federal Gazette " of March 18th tells us, " the company 
dined together and spent the evening with much harmony 
and conviviality. The president and vice-president presided 
and the following toasts were given: 

1. The day we celebrate and many happy returns of it to 
the sons and daughters of St. Patrick. 

2. Our native land — peace, liberty and independence to it. 

3. Our adopted country — the United States of America — 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 243 

the only abode of rational government, peace and inde- 
pendence. 

4. The illustrious President of the United States ; may the 
succeeding four years be not less prosperous than the past. 

5. The vice-president of the United States. 

6. The immortal memory of George Washington. 

7. The memory of that eminent statesman and phil- 
osopher, Franklin. 

8. The memory of Montgomery and all of those patriots 
who so bravely fought and suffered in defense of the liberties 
of this country. 

9. The governor of the State of Maryland. 

10. Prosperity to the city of Baltimore. 

11. Commodore Preble and the United States Navy. 

12. General Wilkinson and the Army of the Union. 

13. May all governments be those of the law, and all laws 
those of the people. 

14. May the United States continue to be an asylum for 
the persecuted and oppressed of all countries. 

15. That safest and best defense of nations, an armed peo- 
ple; may our militia be numerous and well-appointed. 

16. Agriculture; may it be pursued industriously and 
scientifically. 

17. Roads, bridges and canals; may they be as numerous 
as the necessities of the country require. 

18. The sacred name of liberty; may its light illume the 
entire world. 

19. The press; open to everything but calumny and 
scurrility. 

20. Truth; may it universally prevail. 

21. The memory of William Molyneux. 

22. The memory of John Leeche. 

23. The memory of Montesquieu. 

24. Universal charity — the living principle of all our 
social duties. 

25. Unanimity and harmony to the people of America — 
if opposition exists, may it be conducted with honor, truth, 
and justice. 

26. The Fair of America. 

27. Civil and religious liberty to all the human race. 

28. May our Southern states be no longer disgraced by 
the importation of slaves. 

29. The exports of America. 

30. The manufacturers of the United States. 



244 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



We jump to the banquet of 1809. After the business was 
transacted, we are told, the company sat down to an excel- 
lent dinner at Fulton's tavern " where they spent the day 
with that lively conviviality and friendship for which Irishmen 
are so justly distinguished." Twenty-two set toasts were 
proposed by the chairman. Many of them are the same as 
those in the list already quoted. But there are others whose 
sentiments or expressions are interesting-. The toast to 
the Irish, for example, says : 

" The people of Ireland — Freedom, prosperity and happi- 
ness to them; may they render themselves as conspicuous at 
home as they have done in every foreign country." 

The toast to Jefferson was : 

" Thomas Jefferson, the late President — May the recollec- 
tions of a well-spent life make old age pleasant." 

The tenth toast was " The Freedom of the Seas." This 
was the paramount political idea of that year. England's 
exercise of her claim to a right to search American vessels 
brought on her second war with this country. 

The next toast may have been aimed equally at England 
and France. It reads : " Perish that nation which assumes 
universal domain either by sea or land." 

And the last toast shows that spirit of friendly feeling 
toward the descendants of other peoples which prevails 
to-day at every similar banquet : " To the Societies of St. 
George, St. Andrew, St. Herman, and all other benevolent 
societies in the United States." 

The dinner next year — 1810 — was held at the Globe 
Tavern, but the attendance was so light as to occasion com- 
ment in the newspaper account which appeared in the 
" American," Tuesday, March 20. In all, twenty set toasts 
were offered. Among them were the following: 

" A speedy restoration of our trade and a good under- 
standing with all nations." 

" Education, learning and morality, the only sure founda- 
tion of our virtues. May they be as much attended to as a 
government by reason requires." 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 245 

" May the best heads and hearts always direct the affairs of 
America." 

• " May genuine patriotism keep in due bounds attachments 
i<ot foreign nations." 

" May all nations possess and enjoy their rights, but have 
no power to injure those of others." 

" The fair daughters of Saint Tammany." 

The banquet of 181 1 was the first of the two occasions in 
the evening. As already noted, the 17th of March that 
year fell on Sunday and the celebration took place the even- 
ing before. There were twenty-one toasts, among them 
being : 

" Freedom and prosperity to the people of Ireland." 

" Emancipation to the Catholics of Ireland and may re- 
ligion be no bar to civil rights." 

" A speedy destruction to all tyranny wherever it be, by 
sea or land." 

" More national spirit and less duelling; more benevolence 
and less calumny; more attachments to our country and less 
to foreign nations." 

St. Patrick's Day, 1812, occurred on the eve of war with 
England and the papers were so crowded with national 
affairs that the dinner of the Baltimore Hibernian Benevo- 
lent Society was not noticed until it had gone eleven days. 
It took place at the Union Hotel, next door to the famous 
old Holliday Street Theatre, this time largely in the daylight, 
beginning at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, and spending the 
evening with " hilarity and mirth " we are told. Among the 
toasts were these: 

" The Earl of Fingal and the Catholics of Ireland — 
Emancipation to them and may religious persuasion never 
be a bar to civil rights." 

" Captain Timothy Gardner — Thanks to him for giving 
a free passage from Lisbon to seven distressed Irishmen.'^ 

" Commodore Rodgers and his officers — Thanks to them 
for their liberality to our distressed countrymen; true cour- 
age is always accompanied with benevolence and humanity." 



246 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

" Our adopted country — Peace if possible, but at all events 
happiness and prosperity to her." 

" An armed people — the only safe defense of a free nation." 
" May the American flag fly on every sea and in every 
port." ' 

" Perpetuity to the union and harmony of our country." 
" The cause and friends of liberty the world over." 
The last toast was this clever tribute to the ladies : " Our 
fair sisters of America — May the single be married and the 
married be happy." 

In 1813 an advertisement signed "J. Walsh, secretary," 
called on the members of the Hibernian Society to meet at 
the Union Hotel " on Wednesday, the 17th inst., at 7 o'clock 
in the evening." What occurred at that gathering does not 
seem to have been preserved for us, but from the " Ameri- 
can " of March 20, we learn of a second St. Patrick's Day 
banquet, of which the following entertaining account is 
given : 

A select company of the Sons of Erin assembled agreeably 
to previous arrangements at Mr. Neale Nugent's Tavern on 
the 17th inst., to celebrate, in rational convivial manner, the 
festival of their beloved saint. After appointing John Boyle 
president and Alexander Osborne vice president, the com- 
pany, with all the sociability and hilarity characteristic of 
Irishmen, partook of a sumptuous dinner served up in a 
style of elegance highly honorable to Mr. Nugent. Good 
order and perfect harmony prevailed during the whole even- 
ing. The company retired at an early hour, after drinking 
the following toasts, interspersed with a choice variety of 
humorous, sentimental and patriotic songs. 

Then follow the toasts, among which were the following: 

" The friends of reform in Ireland — May success crown 
their efforts — May the happiness of emancipated millions be 
the result of their patriotic labors." 

" The United States — The land of our adoption, the only 
free country on the globe. While English drums rattle at 
our doors, may every friend of freedom know his place." 

" The constituted authorities of the Nation — May their 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



247 



present struggle in the sacred cause of human rights be 
nerved by the physical force of every son of Erin on the soil." 

" The Union of the States — Confusion to those who ad- 
vise their dissolution. May the Atlantic and Pacific be their 
boundary, eternity their duration." 

" The Tars of Columbia — Hull, Decatur, Rodgers, Jones, 
Bainbridge and our other gallant officers and seamen." 

" The memory of General Montgomery — A generous son 
of Erin who gloriously fell contending for the liberty of his 
adopted country." 

" The memory of the illustrious Washington — May every 
heart be a mausoleum to perpetuate his fame; may he be 
revered as our political saviour." 

" Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin, friends of 
man, the guardians of rights, civil and religious, and the firm 
advocates of rational liberty." 

" The Tongue, the Pen and the Sword — Perish the traitors 
who would use either to destroy equal rights or the demo- 
cratical institutions of our country." 

The blockade of Baltimore, the battle of North Point and 
the fierce though unsuccessful attempt to capture the city 
were events of moment which temporarily interrupted the 
Hibernian Society's functions. In 181 6, however, the so- 
ciety started anew and from that time on there is not a break 
in the annual jollifications and reunions. Many were held 
at the Exchange Tavern of Mr. Patrick O'Reilly, an honor- 
ary member of the society, because of the aid he generously 
rendered distressed Irish emigrants and a man who was in 
many ways a type of the genial Irish host. At one of these 
banquets occurred the coronation of an Irish poet, while at 
others there were features which make pleasant reading and 
which could be expanded indefinitely. 



CHAPTER XXIV. 

The Day in Charleston, S. C. — Mention of a Celebration as early as 
1771 — In 1772 the Occasion was Ushered in by the " Ringing of Bells" — A 
Celebration in 1773 by St. Patrick's Club, or the Friendly Brothers of St. 
Patrick — Observances under the Auspices of the Hibernian Society of 
Charleston — Oration in 1841 by Henry L. Pinckney, Jr. — Interesting Letter 
from Hon. William A. Courtenay. 

The earliest celebrations of the day in Charleston, S. C, 
of which we have found mention, are thus set forth in the 
South Carolina " Gazette and County Journal," Charleston, 
March 19, 1771 : " Sunday being St. Patrick's Day, the 
tutelar Saint of Ireland, the same was celebrated here yester- 
day by a number of Gentlemen who met on the occasion, 
and after partaking of a sumptuous dinner, spent the even- 
ing with that mirth and jollity, ever conspicuous to the 
natives of that Country." 

From the same paper, March 17, 1772: "This being St. 
Patrick's Day, the tutelar Saint of Ireland, the same was 
ushered in by ringing of the Bells, etc." 

From the same paper, March 23, 1773: " Wednesday last 
being St. Patrick's Day, the tutelar Saint of Ireland, the 
members of St. Patrick's Club, or Friendly Brothers of St. 
Patrick, celebrated their anniversary, when the following 
Gentlemen were elected officers of the said Society, viz: — 
Hon. Thomas Knox Gordon, Esq., President; James Par- 
sons, Esq., Vice President; Thomas Phepoe, Treasurer and 
Secretary-; Edward Rutledge, Esq., and Mr. McCartan 
Campbell, Stewards." 

Can there, any further, be doubt of a St. Patrick's Society 
having existed in Charleston, S. C. in 1773, and perhaps 
previous to that year? We think not. Edward Rutledge 
was the brother of Governor John Rutledge, the dictator 
and military governor of South Carolina, both Irishmen. 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



249 



Edward Rutledge was a signer of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence. 

The oldest existing Irish organization in the South, prob- 
ably, is the Hibernian Society of Charleston, S. C, which is 
believed to have been founded in 1799. It is still enjoying 
a prosperous career. Hon. M. P. O'Connor, on assuming 
the presidency of the organization years ago, stated that 
" Its first president was the serene and scholarly Rev. Father 
Gallagher, who was worthily followed by O'Brien Smith, 
Simon Magwood, Samuel Patterson, William A. Caldwell, 
Thomas Stephens, Henry W. Conner, the father of Gen. 
James Conner ; James E. Robinson, William Gilliland, Judge 
Burke, Governor A. G. Magrath, Bernard O'Neill and M. P. 
O'Connor. These men give dignity and character and pur- 
pose to the organization. 

" Its founders were Thomas A. Malcolm, Edward Courte- 
nay, William and James Hunter, Joseph Crombie, John S. 
Adams and a few others. They professed as the primary 
object of their union, aid and relief to the distressed emi- 
grant. But there was latent in their bosoms an object 
beyond and higher. It was to preserve the traditions of 
their downtrodden race; to embody and cluster around a 
common centre, in a genial and hospitable clime, the virtues 
of their ancestors, and to reflect in all their splendor under 
the bright blaze of a Carolina sun the united rays of true 
Irish manhood and Irish intelligence. * * * At the base 
of our organization is one grand permeating idea, to give 
character and worth and potency to the Irishmen in America. 
It was this society which built the first Irish-American hall 
in the United States." 

In answer to an inquiry about the early history of this 
Hibernian Society, Hon. William A. Courtenay of " Innis- 
fallen," Newry, S. C, thus writes under date of Dec. 19, 
1900 : ' * * * As far as I know, there was no organized 
society among our Irish citizens [in South Carolina] until 
near the close of the XVIIIth century. John and Edward 
Courtenay came from Newry, Ireland, to Charleston in 1791. 



250 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



John settled in Savannah where his descendants in the 4th 
and 5th generations still reside. My grandfather, Edward, 
remained in Charleston. They were both merchants. My 
grandmother survived until 1852. I have heard her say that 
a club of Irish gentlemen met at each others houses twice a 
month for social purposes, and that soon after her marriage 
she entertained them. So that surely as early as 1794 the 
beginning of the Hibernian Society was made. The troubles 
in Ireland, culminating in 1798, brought quite a number of 
Irishmen to Charleston, and on the 17th of March, 1799, the 
Hibernian Society was founded. * * * The Society 
was incorporated in 1805. I enclose a printed memo, of 
Edward Courtenay's family — which may interest you. I do 
not know of the seven other gentlemen who founded the 
Hibernian Society. Mrs. Blake L. White is a descendant 
of one of the Hunter Bros. That is the extent of my knowl- 
edge. I am very proud of my Irish lineage and, as you see, 
have named my present country home ' Innisfallen,' for a 
memorial." 

The printed memo., to which Mr. Courtenay alludes in the 
foregoing letter is a four-page leaflet. On the first page is 
this inscription : " The Courtenay Family Monument in 
Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, S. C. Erected 1891." 
Then follow copies of the inscriptions on the monument, as 
follows : 
(north panel in bronze.) 

THIS TABLET 

IS INSCRIBED IN PIOUS MEMORY OF 

EDWARD COURTENAY 

BORN IN NEWRY IRELAND qth SEPT 1771 CAME 

TO CHARLESTON WITH HIS BROTHER JOHN 1791 

DIED IN SAVANNAH GA WHILE ON A VISIT TO 

HIS BROTHER 4TH AUGT 1807 AND LIES THERE 

IN THE CEMETERY OF THE PROT. EPISC. CHURCH. 

AND 

LYDIA HIS WIFE BORN 14TH AUGT 1769 

MARRIED iiTH MAY 1794 DIED i6th MAY 1852 

DAUGHTER OF SAML. SMITH ESQR OF NEWBURY- 

PORT MASS A RESIDENT OF THIS CITY 1778-1828. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 25 1 

AND ALSO OF THEIR ELDEST CHILD AND SON 

EDWARD SMITH COURTENAY 

BORN iith JULY 1795 ADMITTED TO THE BAR 1823 

IN THE NULLIFICATION CONTEST 1830-32 AN ACTIVE 

SUPPORTER OF THE CAUSE OF THE UNION 

AN INSTRUCTOR OF YOUTH FOR MANY YEARS 

GRATEFULLY ESTEEMED AND REMEMBERED 

DIED 5th OCTOBER 1857. 

AND 

ELIZABETH STORER WADE HIS WIFE 

BORN IN NEW YORK 25TH AUGUST 1805 

MARRIED 25TH OCTOBER 1821 DIED iqth SEPT. 1886 

WHO WITH HER HUSBAND LIES HERE. 

A CENTENARY RECORD BY DESCENDANTS 
OF THE THIRD FOURTH AND FIFTH GENERATIONS. 
ERECTED 1891. 
(south panel -in bronze.) 

TO THE MEMORY OF 

ALEXANDER BLACK COURTENAY 

BORN 4th MARCH 1833 SETTLED IN KANSAS 1856 

VOLUNTEERED IN THE CIVIL WAR 

LOST HIS LIFE IN BATTLE AT SPRINGFIELD MO 

ioth AUGT 1861 AND WAS BURIED ON THAT FIELD. 

AND OF 

EDWARD COURTENAY BULLOCK 

BORN 7th DECR 1822 GRADUATED AT HARVARD 

COLLEGE 1842 SETTLED IN EUFAULA ALA 1843 

ADMITTED TO THE BAR 1845 SERVED IN THE 

CIVIL WAR AS COLONEL OF THE i8th REGT ALA INFTY 

DIED 24TH DECR OF DISEASE CONTRACTED IN 

CAMP AND BURIED AT EUFAULA CHRISTMAS DAY 1861. 

CALLED TO MANY HIGH STATIONS EQUAL TO ALL 

TO PERPETUATE HIS MEMORY THE STATE OF ALA 

BY ACT OF HER LEGISLATURE IN 1866 

GAVE HIS NAME TO ONE OF HER COUNTIES. 

AND OF 

CHARLES COURTENAY TEW 

BORN 17TH OCT 1827 GRADUATED WITH FIRST HONORS 

AT THE SO CA MILITARY ACADEMY 1846 

PROFESSOR IN HIS ALMA MATER n YEARS 

FOUNDED IN 1858 THE HILLSBORO N C MIL ACADEMY 

SERVED IN THE CIVIL WAR AS COLONEL OF 

THE 2D REGT N C STATE TROOPS LOST HIS LIFE 

AT SHARPSBURG 17TH SEPT 1862 WHILE COMD'G 

ANDERSON'S BRIGADE AND WAS BURIED ON THAT FIELD. 

GRANDSONS OF EDWARD COURTENAY NATIVES OF 

CHARLESTON THEY MADE THE LAST SACRIFICE THEY 

DIED FOR THE SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY. 

ERECTED 1891. 



252 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



In Grace Church, Charleston, S. C, is a bronze tablet to 
the memory of another member of the Courtenay family. It 
is on the South wall, to the right of the main entrance, and 
reads as follows: 

Ingenio stat sine morte decus 

In Memory of 

PROF. JAMES C. COURTENAY 

A native and resident 
of 

CHARLESTON SOUTH CAROLINA 

Born 14th January 1803 Died 3d February 1835 

Although his life was short 

In its achievements it was long 

Self-taught 

Without school or college advantages 

He early became 

A successful votary of the exact sciences 

One of the earliest 

If not the first public appeal from a private citizen 

Advocating the founding of 

A NATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY 

Was written and published by him 

When only twenty-four years of age and is preserved 

In the historical archives of the country. 

An eminent instructor 

An attractive member of society 

The delight and pride of numerous friends 

THIS MEMORIAL 

Will preserve his name and achievements 
Whitsuntide 1809 

Returning to the Hibernian Society of Charleston, we 
know that the organization has held many notable celebra- 
tions of St. Patrick's Day. Daniel M. O'Driscoll of Charles- 
ton writes, under date of Jan. 9, 1901 : " The bills of the 
Hibernian Society for 1799 had been placed in the hands of 
Major A. T. Smythe for official purposes, and his absence 
from the City has delayed my report. I succeeded in mak- 
ing copies of the bills yesterday, and submit them as proof of 
the existence of the Hibernian Society in 1799, and these 
are the earliest recorded proof of the existence of the Society. 
There are no existing books or papers previous to these 
bills, and the first records made, and now in the archives of 
the Society are dated 1801. On March 17, 1801, the Rev. 
Father Simon Felix Gallagher was elected President; John 
S. Adams, Vice President; Thomas Malcolm, Treasurer, and 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 253 

Charles M. Kenna, Secretary. The Society was Chartered 
December 19th, 1805. I have seen and examined the books 
commencing with the records of 1801. They contain a list 
of members, object of organization, etc., and are, indeed, 
curious records. In looking over the account of Cornelius 
O'Driscoll, an 1801 member, I saw a statement: "balance 
from old Ledger folio," which proves that the Society had 
an existence before 1801. The old Ledger is unfortunately 
missing. I have no doubt that Capt. Wm. A. Courtenay's 
statement covers the ground of the social existence of the 
Society previous to 1799. * * * 

" I earnestly hope this will be in time to suit your purpose. 
Capt. Wm. A. Courtenay was Mayor of Charleston for two 
consecutive terms — from 1879 to 1887, and soon after re- 
moved to Newry, Oconee Co., S. C, where he assisted in 
establishing a large cotton mill of which he is president. 
Newry, as you see, is named for the family home in Ireland. 
Capt. Courtenay, although not a college graduate, has had 
the degree of LL.D. conferred upon him by two different 
Colleges. The St. Patrick's Benevolent Society was founded 
in 18 1 7 by William Magrath who resigned from the Hi- 
bernian Society in order to establish the St. Patrick's. Wm. 
Magrath was the father of the late ex-Governor and ex- 
Judge A. G. Magrath of South Carolina." 



In 1813, at a St. Patrick's Day celebration in Charleston 
by the Hibernian Society, the following were some of the 
toasts : 

The Day. Sacred to St. Patrick. Let the bards of old be 
near, let them draw near with their song and their half view- 
less harps. 

The memory of Emmet and other martyrs. 

" Thus shall memory often in dreams sublime, 
Catch a glimpse of the days that are over; 
Thus sighing look thro' the waves of time, 
For the long faded glories they cover." 



254 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



The Catholic Committee of Ireland. Before such a host 
of virtue, eloquence and patriotism, soon must intolerance 
and persecution hide their Hydra heads. 

The Blue Eyed Daughters of the Emerald Isle and their 
fair sisters of Columbia — They are to us the beams of the 
East rising in a land unknown. 

Swift. Who first taught Ireland that she might become 
a nation, and England, that she might cease to be a despot — 
guiding a Senate, or heading an Army he had been more than 
Cromwell, and Ireland not less than England; as it was, he 
improved his country by his authority, adorned her by his 
talents and exalted her by his fame. 



The St. Patrick's Society, just mentioned, and the Irish 
Volunteers, of Charleston, enjoyed a rare treat, March 17, 
1 841, it being an oration by Henry L. Pinckney, Jr. The 
event took place in St. Finbar's Cathedral, Charleston. The 
address of Mr. Pinckney was subsequently published in 
pamphlet form. The Irish Volunteers, just mentioned, were 
organized in Charleston, S. C, in 1801. They saw service 
in the war of 1812, in the Florida war and at other periods, 
and have a record of which they are justly proud. 

With regard to early celebrations of St. Patrick's Day in 
Kentucky, Edward Fitzpatrick of the staff of the " Louisville 
Times " thus writes : " In reply to your inquiry, in re the 
first celebration of St. Patrick's Day in Kentucky, the best 
information obtainable places it about 1788. The Rev. 
Michael Whelen, an Irish Franciscan, was the first mission- 
ary priest sent to Kentucky, coming in 1787, with the Balti- 
more settlers, including Most Rev. M. J. Spalding's ances- 
tors. He came directly from Ireland. He remained for 
three years about Pottinger's Creek, and also at Bards- 
town and other places in Nelson county. It is but fair 
to presume that he celebrated St. Patrick's Day whenever 
it came around as many of his flock were of Irish birth 
or ancestry. Dr. George Hart, born in Ireland, was the 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 255 

first physician who settled in Kentucky, and he flourished 
about the time of Father Whelen. The Mahoneys, Byrnes, 
Hagans and other Irish also appear at the time. There, 
of course, was no procession with a brass band, as these 
settlers had enough to do to dodge Indians, but it is but 
fair to believe that when the day came they observed it in a 
religious way at least. Kentucky was not admitted to the 
Union until 1792. In 1801 and afterward the day was ob- 
served at Bardstown and its neighborhood, and is yet." 



CHAPTER XXV. 

The Hibernian Society of Savannah, Ga. — Organized on St. Patrick's 
Day, 1812 — Incorporated the same Year by the Legislature of Georgia — 
John Cumming the First President of the Society — Rt. Rev. John England, 
D.D., among the Anniversary Orators — Names of early Officers of the 
Organization. 

St. Patrick's Day, 1812, was marked in Savannah, Ga., 
by the institution of the Hibernian Society of that city. The 
first president of the organization was John Cumming. The 
society fixed St. Patrick's Day as the occasion of its an- 
niversary meeting and has ever faithfully observed the 
event with appropriate exercises. Possibly, during the Civil 
War, the celebration may, of necessity, have sometimes been 
omitted, but before the war and since the close thereof, the 
day has been duly observed. The preamble to the Society's 
constitution reads as follows : 

" Irishmen, inclined, as they are by nature, to good-fellow- 
ship and charity, should not forget, in a foreign land, the 
duties they owe to themselves, their national character, and 
their distressed countrymen. These obligations are the 
more important to Irishmen because, during the long period 
of their oppression, Irishmen have been useful to themselves, 
their country, and their brethren, only in proportion to their 
exercise of those generous, charitable, and sterling traits with 
which it has pleased God to distinguish them among the 
people of the earth. Every motive, too, presses itself upon 
the heart of each true Irishman to foster an affectionate at- 
tachment for his native land — a country the more particularly 
unfortunate because her destiny has been unmerited, and 
therefore the more entitled to the tender consideration of her 
own sons, and of the good, the generous, and the enlightened 
of other nationalities. 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 257 

" Driven from unhappy Erin by unrelenting tyranny, 
afflicted and persecuted Irishmen seek an asylum in this 
favored republic, endeavoring to find, under the auspices of 
its liberal institutions, the only consolations that can remain 
to exiles thrust out of a beloved home by want and oppres- 
sion. To these it becomes the duty of their more fortunate 
brethren settled in this free country, and enjoying the bene- 
fits of its hospitality, to reach out the hand of friendship, to 
tender the aid of a delicate charity, and to offer any other 
assistance which fraternal, manly, and kindly feelings may 
inspire. 

" Impressed with these sentiments, the subscribers have 
agreed to associate themselves under the title of " The Hi- 
bernian Society of the City of Savannah," and adopt the 
following constitution." 

Section i, Article i, of the constitution declares that " The 
Hibernian Society has, for its objects, the social harmony 
of its members ; the maintenance of a filial attachment for the 
Mother Country; the aid of distressed Irishmen and their 
descendants; the relief of indigent widows and orphans of 
Irishmen and their descendants; the cultivation of good- 
fellowship, and the practice of charity." 

The constitution also declares that " The Society is open 
for the admission of gentlemen of Irish birth, or, wholly or 
partly, of Irish descent, provided they have attained the age 
of twenty-one years," and that " No member shall be eligible 
to the office of President except an Irishman, or the son or 
grandson of a native of Ireland." 

It also provides that it " shall be the duty of the Com- 
mittee of Stewards to make all necessary preparations for 
the Anniversary Celebration, in arranging for which the 
committee shall have full powers. For such celebration the 
committee shall not incur an expense exceeding one-half of 
the estimated amount of annual dues for the ensuing year, 
unless the Society expressly votes an extra appropriation, 
(in no case to be more than seventy-five dollars), for the 
entertainment of guests at the Anniversary dinner." 
17 



25 S EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

* * * jf t j ie £ ate appointed for any regular meet- 
ing, except the Anniversary Meeting, shall fall on Saturday 
or Sunday, or if St. Patrick's Day shall fall on Sunday, the 
meeting shall be held on the following Monday ; and the hour 
for holding each regular meeting shall be fixed by the Presi- 
dent and Secretary." 

The Society was incorporated by the legislature of Georgia 
late in 1812, the following being a copy of the act: 

AN ACT 

To Incorporate The Hibernian Society of the City 
of Savannah. 

Whereas, A voluntary association of persons hath been 
formed in the City of Savannah, under the name and style 
of " The Hibernian Society of the City of Savannah," the 
objects and purposes of which association are stated to be 
the relief of indigent and exiled Irishmen, and to promote 
social and friendly harmony among the members of said 
association. And Whereas, The said persons so associated 
under the name and style aforesaid are desirous of being 
incorporated. 

Section 1. Be it therefore enacted by the Senate and 
House of Representatives of the State of Georgia, in General 
Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority , 
aforesaid: That the several persons and members of said 
charitable association, and others who shall hereafter become 
members of the said association, respectively, and the succes- 
sors, officers, and members of the same, shall be, and they 
are hereby declared to be a body corporate in deed and in 
name, by the name and style of " The President and Vice- 
President of the Hibernian Society of the City of Savannah," 
and by the said name shall have perpetual succession of offi- 
cers and members, and a common seal to use, with power to 
make, alter, change and amend such by-laws and regulations 
as may be agreed on by the officers and members of said 
Society, provided such laws be not repugnant to the laws and 
constitution of this State; and that they have privilege to 
sue for and recover all moneys that now are, or that may be 
due to the said Hibernian Society, by any name, or in any 
manner whatsoever, and the rights and privileges of the 
said Society in any court to defend, and to receive, take, and 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 259 

apply all or any donation for the uses intended by the said 
Society, and also to purchase and dispose of any property, 
real and personal, for the use and benefits of said Society; 
and shall and hereby are declared to be vested with all the 
privileges, powers, and advantages, rights, and immunities, 
of a society of people incorporated for the purposes intended 
by their association and institution. 

Sec. 2. And be it further enacted: That this Act shall be 
deemed and taken as a public Act, to all intents and pur- 
poses whatsoever. 

Benj. Whitaker, 

Speaker of the House of Representatives. 

William Rabun, 

President of the Senate. 
Executive Department, Georgia: 
Assented to ioth December, 1812. 
D. B. Mitchell, 

Governor. 

Moses Cleland was elected president of the Society in 
181 5, James Hunter in 1816, and George B. Cumming in 

1833- 

The following gentlemen have served as vice presidents of 
the Society up to and including 1837: Zachariah Miller, 
1 812; Thomas U. P. Charlton, 1812; Thomas Bourke, 181 5; 
George B. Cumming, 1821; Richard W. Habersham, 1832; 
Matthew Hopkins, 1835; Michael O. Dillon, 1836; Matthew 
Hopkins, 1837. 

Among the treasurers of the Society have been : Zachariah 
Miller, 1812; James Hunter, 1813; John Nevitt, 1816; Oliver 
L. Dobson, 181 7; Samuel Wright, 1820; Robert Campbell, 
1826; Matthew Hopkins, 1829; Michael O. Dillon, 1835; 
Michael Dillon, 1836. 

The secretaries have included: Thomas Bourke, 1812; 
Oliver L. Dobson, 1813; Thomas N. Morel, 1814; Alexander 
Hunter, 1816; Wimberly J. Hunter, 1827; Thomas M. Dris- 
coll, 183 1 ; Robert M. Charlton, 1833; Edward Quigley, 
1836; John Hunter, 1840; Thomas D. Rice, 1843; Charles 
B. Cluskey, 1844. 

The following is a list of gentlemen who have appeared 



2 6o EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 

before the Society as Anniversary (St. Patrick's Day) orators: 
Thomas U. P. Charlton, 1813; Rt. Rev. John England, D.D., 
1824; Richard W. Habersham, 1825; Rev. Francis Boland, 
1826; Rt. Rev. John England, D.D., 1827; Rev. Joseph 
Stokes, 1828; James Cullinan, M.D., 1829; Rev. A. Byrne, 
1831; Rt. Rev. John England, D.D., 1832; Robert M. Charl- 
ton, 1833; Rev. Jeremiah F. O'Neill, 1834; Matthew Hall 
McAllister, 1835; Rev. Jeremiah F. O'Neill, 1836; Nicholas 
Marlow, 1837; William P. White, 1838; Robert M. Charlton, 
1839; John E. Ward, 1840; Thomas D. Rice, 1841 ; John 
McLaughlin, 1842; Henry R. Jackson, 1843; Alexander R. 
Lawton, 1844; Rev. William Burke, 1845. 



CHAPTER XXVI. 

St. Patrick's Day Celebrated in Albany, N. Y., probably as early as 
1796 — Special Mention of an Observance there, in 1810, by the St. Patrick's 
Society — Celebrations in Washington, D. C. ; Fredericksburg, Va. ; Boston, 
Mass.; Providence, R. I., and in other Places — American Immortals and 
Irish Heroes Duly Honored. 

In 1796, the Irish were sufficiently numerous in Albany, 
N. Y., to incorporate a church. St. Patrick's Day observ- 
ances, in that place, may, therefore, be dated from about that 
time. In 1807, the legislature of the State of New York 
incorporated the " St. Patrick's Society of the City of Al- 
bany," and in 1833 the " Hibernian Provident Society " of 
Albany was similarly recognized. Each of these organiza- 
tions, no doubt, frequently observed St. Patrick's Day. 

In 1810, St. Patrick's Society, just mentioned, had a cele- 
bration of the day, and another in 181 1. The latter observ- 
ance was " attended by the governor, mayor of New York, 
Mr. Emmet and others," and the following were among the 
toasts : * 

The Day and all who honor it — How long, O Erin, op- 
pressed and degraded country, shall thy children bear the 
yoke ? How long e'er their heartstrings vibrate to the music 
of thy bards, assembled around the festive board, com- 
memorate the anniversary of our Apostle, unawed by ty- 
rants, spies, or traitors? 

The land we live in ; — Happy, happy land! here we can 
enjoy social mirth, here the hardy sons of industry meet 
their due reward ; here no man is obliged to crouch to arro- 
gance, intolerance or bigotry; exempted from the potent 
curse of tythe proctors, excisemen, reverend magistrates and 
military executioners, " armed with a vigour beyond the 
law," we sit under our own vines and fig trees and bless the 
providence that led us to its peaceful shores. 

* From the " Shamrock," March 23, 181 1. 



2 6 2 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

The Land of Potatoes — May the characteristics of our 
country never be forgotten ; earnest in love, war, hospitality 
and friendship. 

Thomas Addis Emmet, Wm. James McNeven and their 
Compatriots — Who preferred incarceration to treachery, and 
who by their exertions have contributed to rescue the char- 
acter of Irishmen from the calumny and obliquy of ignorance 
and bigotry. 

Toast drank standing. The Irish Patriot's last speech — 
" When my country takes her rank among the nations of the 
world, then, and not till then, let my epitaph be written." 

The Fair Sex. 

Fair in face, fair in mind, 

Full of grace and well inclined. 

The Men who Fought, who Bled, who Died for the Coun- 
try we now live in — for the principles we now cherish, and 
for the blessings we now enjoy. 

The Sons of Erin, of Albany, N. Y., celebrated St. Pat- 
rick's Day, 1812, in an appropriate manner * and drank these 
toasts among others : 

The Memory of St. Patrick — May the divine precepts of 
the Gospel taught by the Irish Apostle, lead us to the felicity 
of a better world. 

The State of New York — May its inhabitants enjoy all the 
felicity which their industry, their local situation and their 
patriotism deserve. 

The American Flag — May its stars shed lustre on freemen, 
and its stripes chastise their enemies. 

Our adopted country — its constitution and laws — may the 
wretch that would violate either meet his merited reward — 
the contempt of every honest man. 



" A number of natives of Ireland and their American 
Friends," gathered around the festive board in Washington, 
D. C, on St. Patrick's Day, 1812, and during the exercises 
duly honored the following sentiments from the toastmaster : 

* The " Shamrock," Apr. 4, 1812. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 263 

Erin — Sweet and fertile isle ! Too long hath the divisions 
fostered by your enemies among your sons kept you in pro- 
vincial thraldom. 

Catholic Claims — The men who rise superior to religious 
disqualifications will soon burst the fetters of national sub- 
jection. 

Our adopted Country — divided it would fall a prey to the 
oppressors of our native land; united, it may bid defiance 
to a world in arms. 

The Memory of our gallant Montgomery — Should it be 
necessary to march once more to Canada, his countrymen 
in America will be emulous to imitate his glorious example. 

The Memory of Brian Boru — Who from the sands of 
Clonboy heroically drove the invading Danes into the ocean 
— Ireland has long sighed for such another exportation. 

The peasantry of Ireland — brave but suffering people! 
Your wrongs will not always remain unredressed. 

Robert Emmet — 111 fated in life but glorious in death; 
more virtuous men and better times will do justice to his 
character. 

Arts and Manufactures — May their progress in the United 
States, while they increase the resources of our industry, 
diminish those of our enemies. 

The Harp of Erin — May its melodious strains have the 
same effect on the Orangemen of Ireland as they had on 
Thomas Moore, who from a Tory, has been transformed 
into a patriot. 

The Fair Daughters of Erin and Columbia, lovely, loving 
and beloved. 

Another celebration in Washington, D. C, 1812, was held 
under the auspices of the Society of the Sons of Erin, that 
city. Among the toasts were : 

The Congress of '75 — its declaration to the people of Ire- 
land that America should ever be an asylum to them from 
oppression, was worthy of the founders of liberty. 

Irish Melodies — may their revival be the precursor of lib- 
erty to the country of their birth. 



264 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

The Irish Harp — thy soul inspiring harmony shall yet cele- 
brate the restoration of Irish freedom. 

Irish Union — not that union which means subjection, but 
that which is formed by an oblivion of prejudices, an equality 
of rights and an amalgamation of interests. 

American Manufactures — While their progress towards 
perfection tends to diminish British monopoly, it offers the 
best means of securing American independence. 



The Hibernian Benevolent Society of Fredericksburg, Va., 
also celebrated St. Patrick's Day, 181 2, in an appropriate 
manner. Among the toasts on that occasion we find : 

The Day we Celebrate — and many happy returns of it to 
the sons and daughters of St. Patrick — may each return in- 
fuse new zeal for the benevolent cause that first made it a 
festival. 

The Land we live in — perpetuity to its constitution and 
government, and happiness to its people. 

The Emigrant Sons of Erin — May they always be found 
foremost in the ranks in support of the government of this 
their adopted country. 

The Fair — Nature's last, most perfect work. 

The American Eagle — May her fostering wing be ever 
expanded to receive the oppressed sons and daughters of 
Erin, on their landing in this happy country. 



On St. Patrick's Day, 181 3, the Sons of Erin at Albany, 
N. Y., drank the following toasts at their gathering: 

The Day. On its next return may we find Ireland free — 
perish the power of England over our country — a power ob- 
tained by evil means, retained similarly and administered as 
badly as it was acquired. 

The Land of our birth. 

" Though sacred the tie, that our country entwineth 
And dear to the heart her remembrance remains 
Yet dark are the ties where no liberty shineth 
And sad the remembrance, that slavery strains." 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 265 

The Land of our adoption — Her citizens have taken up 
Arms in the sacred cause of liberty — May they retain them 
till all wrongs are redressed, and rights secured on a sure and 
lasting 1 basis. 



The Sons of Erin, Washington, D. C, likewise observed 
St. Patrick's Day, in 181 3, and applauded and drank 
toasts to: « 

Our Countrymen of the Old Sod. May they extirpate trie 
spirit of animosity from among them and cultivate that lo 
of union which alone can effect their political salvation. 

Columbia, the land of our choice, because it is the land di 
Liberty — Dear to us is that freedom we participate in, ana 
for its preservation Irishmen will cheerfully risk their all. 

Hospitality. May Irishmen in America, be ever willing t& 
impart its rights to the helpless stranger. 

Our Countrymen throughout the United States — Experi- 
encing the blessings of Freedom, it would be unnatural to 
find them among our enemies. 



At a celebration by the St. Patrick's Society, of Albany, 
N. Y., in 1817, Cornelius Heeney proposed the toast " Short 
Shoes and long Corns to the Enemies of American liberty." 

During the war of 1812-14, the Irishmen of Providence, 
R. I., and their sons, offered their services, to the committee 
of safety, for work on the fortifications then being con- 
structed along Providence river. The offer was accepted 
and a day set apart as " Irish day " for the above mentioned 
labor. This fact shows that the Irish element was then 
numerous in Providence and, doubtless, St. Patrick's Day 
was celebrated there at as early a period as that. This was 
also probably true of Newport, R. I. 

One of the early Irish organizations in Rhode Island was 
St. Patrick's Benevolent Society of Providence. The organi- 
zation appropriately observed St. Patrick's Day, 1835, the 
Rev. Father Lee being then president. On this occasion, 
however, he was detained elsewhere and, in his absence, John 



266 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 

Devlin presided. The exercises took place in the hall of the 
City Hotel, in Providence, and were of a most interesting 
nature. 

The Hibernian Orphan Society was another important 
organization in Providence. It was in existence in 1842, 
and invited Rev. Father Wiley to deliver a lecture in honor of 
St. Patrick's Day that year. The invitation was accepted 
and " the reverend gentleman responded with an admirable 
historical discourse, tracing Ireland's history for a period of 
over 4000 years." 

A notable celebration of St. Patrick's Day took place in 
Providence, R. I., in 1843. An account was published at 
the time over the signature " Hibernicus." It reads as 
follows : 

" The Hibernian Orphan Society, with appropriate badges, 
assembled at the Washington Hall, at 5 P. M., where they 
were formed into procession by the Chief Marshal of the day, 
Mr. Patrick O'Connell, assisted by Mr. Joseph Loughlen. 
They then took up their line of march to the cheering har- 
mony of appropriate music, and proceeded to St. Patrick's 
church, where a very eloquent discourse was delivered by 
the Rev. Mr. Fitzpatrick of Boston. * * * After leav- 
ing the church, the society proceeded on their route form- 
ing a most imposing procession at least one third of a 
mile in length. They then returned to Washington Hall. 
* * * They were then addressed by Mr. Andrew Walsh 
in an appropriate manner, after which the president, Mr. 
William Hughes, briefly returned thanks for their orderly 
deportment during the day. After giving three cheers for 
Old Ireland, O'Connell, and the United States, with one 
cheer more for the Constitution, the members separated." 

Two other societies * that doubtless observed St. Patrick's 
Day previous to 1845, were the Hibernian Provident Society 
of New Haven, Conn., and the St. Patrick's Society, of Hart- 
ford in the same state. The former was incorporated in 
1841, and the latter in 1842. 

* " History of the Diocese of Hartford." By Rev. James H. O'Donnell. 



CHAPTER XXVII. 

St. Patrick's Day in Boston, 1837 — Centennial of the Charitable Irish 
Society — Oration by President Boyd — Addresses by Governor Edward 
Everett of Massachusetts, Mayor Samuel A. Eliot of Boston, Hon. Stephen 
Fairbanks, Hon. Josiah Quincy, Jr., Hon. John P. Bigelow and other 
Gentlemen — List of Toasts Proposed on the Occasion. 

In 1837, an especially notable celebration of St. Patrick's 
Day took place in Boston. It was under the auspices of 
the Charitable Irish Society. The occasion was also the 
centennial anniversary of the organization and thus possessed 
double interest. An elaborate programme had been ar- 
ranged and was pleasantly carried out. 

On the day mentioned, the Society met and elected the 
following officers for the year ensuing: President, James 
Boyd; vice president, Daniel O'Callahan; Treasurer, William 
P. M'Kay; Secretary, William Bell. At 1 P.M., the organi- 
zation, together with the Young C. F. Society, and invited 
guests, formed in line, with Ambrose Farrell as chief marshal 
and marched to Masonic Temple where the literary exercises 
were held. The guests present included " His Excellency 
the Governor, Mayor, City Marshal, Hon. Stephen Fair- 
banks of the Senate of our State Legislature — Messrs. Kin- 
nicutt, Rantoul and Henchman of the House, and Hon. John 
P. Bigelow, Secretary of State." 

The order of exercises at the Temple comprised a volun- 
tary by the band, prayer by the Rev. Fr. Lynch, an original 
ode by the Rev. Mr. Pierpont, an oration by President James 
Boyd, a second original ode by Thomas Power, and a closing 
prayer by the Rev. Mr. Pierpont. Upon the conclusion of 
these exercies, the Society and its guests returned to Concert 
Hall where a banquet was served. 

The number of " members, guests, and friends " present 



2 68 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

was 250. The post-prandial exercises comprised thirteen 
regular toasts and a large number of volunteer ones. D. W. 
O'Brien was the toastmaster. The regular toasts were as 
follows : 

1. The Day. — Being the Centennial Anniversary of the 
Irish Charitable Society — (how honorable for us to reflect) 
when Irishmen founded this Society, America was a colony 
of subjects, now a powerful nation of freemen. Irishmen 
nobly assisted in this glorious transmutation — may they ever 
uphold its Constitution and Laws. — Music, " St. Patrick's 
Day." 

2. Ireland. — The land of our fathers ; the morning star of 
freedom already dawns on her long night of oppression, still 
the dark clouds of tithes and absenteeism hang over her — 
may they soon be dispelled by the bright sun of Liberty and 
Union. Music, " Shamrock." 

3. United States. — The land of our adoption — we forget 
we are Strangers when it is forgotten that we are Aliens. 
Music, " Hail Columbia." 

4. The President of the United States. — Let us join in his 
prayer uttered on the fourth day of this month — " May it 
be among the dispensations of Providence to bless our be- 
loved country with length of days; may her ways be ways 
of pleasantness, and all her paths peace." Music, " Presi- 
dent's March." 

5. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and Her Excel- 
lent Governor. — Long may they remain wedded together, 
living evidence that her institutions open to talent a free 
field ; and that here, honest ambition knows no bound, except 
that of equal laws. Music, " Yankee Doodle." (Response 
by Governor Edward Everett.) 

6. The City of Boston. — Its Trimount reminds us of our 
own native Shamrock. May its wealth, prosperity and hap- 
piness increase with its years. Music, " Home, Sweet 
Home." (Responded to by Mayor Samuel A. Eliot.) 

7. The Founders of This Society. — Charity was their ob- 
ject, twenty six were their members; were it possible for 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



269 



them to foresee that this country would on this day consist 
of twenty-six free and independent States, bound together 
by the bonds of Liberty, Equality and Freedom, how glorious 
to them would have been the vision. May many centuries 
elapse ere their names are forgotten. Music, '■ Exile of 
Erin." 

8. Daniel O'Connell. — Athens boasted of a Solon, an 
Aristides, and a Demosthenes, but Ireland beholds all their 
great qualities combined in her favorite Son. Music, " Sprig 
of Shillelah." 

9. Justice to Ireland. — A domestic Legislature alone can 
confer it; to expect it from a London Parliament is an idle 
dream, and we Irishmen, on this side of the water, hope that 
full restitution will be made for past injustice. Music, 
" Garryowen." 

10. Republicanism. — Based on the rights of man. May 
its great moral power forever prevent the acts or influence 
of any party to infringe on or fritter away the rights of free- 
men. Music. 

11. The Army and Navy. — Their achievements in the last 
war with Great Britain astonished the despots of the world. 
May they ever uphold the honors they gained, and always be 
able to make their enemies fear them. Music, " The Star 
Spangled Banner." 

12. The Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association. — 
A concentration of mutual attainments, scientific and physi- 
cal skill, unsurpassed anywhere. May their Fair prospects 
brighten to an equal splendor. (Responded to by Hon. 
Stephen Fairbanks, president of the Association.) 

13. The Ladies. — With assiduity we court their smiles; 
with sorrow we receive their frowns; but smiling or frown- 
ing, we love them. Music, " Haste to the Wedding." 

Governor Everett in responding to the Fifth toast con- 
cluded by proposing the following : " Our Fellow Citizens of 
Irish Birth and Parentage. — May the advantages they enjoy 
in this country, soon be shared by their brethren beyond the 
sea ; and the blessings of rational liberty be diffused through- 



270 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



out Ireland, from the Giant's Causeway to Cape Clear, and 
from the Hill of Howth to Connemara." 

The volunteer toasts were over twenty-five in number. A 
few are here given, though not in the original order : 

By Hon. John P. Bigelow, secretary of state: — Ireland. — 
St. Patrick destroyed its creeping things of other days — may 
his disciples speedily exterminate the political reptiles of the 
present age. 

Hon. Josiah Quincy, Jr., called attention to the fact " that 
Boston was evacuated by the British troops on the festival 
of St. Patrick, a Saint celebrated for exterminating the 
noxious animals of Ireland." Mr. Quincy then proposed : — 
Americans and Irishmen. — They may differ as to whether 
the patron Saint of the latter had any hand in driving out 
the enemies of the former — but in this they will agree — to 
stand together and fall together before a hostile foot shall 
again be placed on the land of their birth or the land of their 
adoption. 

Toast by Robert Rantoul, Jr. : — The Memory of Richard 
Montgomery. — A martyr to the cause of American Liberty; 
May his blood constitute an enduring cement between the 
land of his birth and the land of his adoption. 

By Dr. H. B. C. Greene : The Memory of Emmet, and the 
Illustrious Galaxy of Heroes, who, under different reigns 
of despotism, have perished in the cause of Irish Emancipa- 
tion. 

By Dr. Henchman: Irishmen. — The true friends and the 
brave. 

By Daniel Parkman : The Memory of John Cheverus. — 
Faithful as a priest, beloved as a bishop, honored and ex- 
tended [exalted?] as a cardinal. 

By James King: Andrew Jackson, ex-President of the 
United States. — The son of Irish parents; in retiring from 
office, we may justly say in the words of the poet : " An 
honest man's the noblest work of God." 

By Daniel O'Callahan: — The Young Catholic's Friend 
Society. — A flourishing scion from our ancient stock, their 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 271 

meeting with us on this happy occasion at the festive board, 
assures us that through them our Society will be preserved 
unimpaired amidst the storms of another century, and its 
fame still increase by deeds of active benevolence. 

By Col. Smith: Ireland and America. — May the former 
soon be as free as the latter, and may the latter never forget 
that Irishmen were instrumental in securing the liberty they 
now enjoy. 

By James Keating : The Fair of Erin. — The fairest of the 
fair — may their fare be our fare, and our fare the best of fare. 

By Walter Welch: The Descendants of Irishmen. — May 
they never forget the respect which they owe to the land 
which contains the ashes of their fathers. 

President Boyd in the course of his centennial oration in 
the afternoon, said: 

" The world has long established the custom, and experi- 
ence has shown it to be a useful one, to mark, by certain 
points or data, the progress of mankind through it. The 
traveller, by noting the mile-stone, hastens or slackens his 
pace, as his time may hurry or permit; — the mariner, in tak- 
ing his daily meridian observation, shifts his helm so as to 
counteract the wandering occasioned by a lee-way or under- 
current tendency ; — man, in noticing the change of the moon, 
or the annual return of the sun to a new year's starting 
point, indicates to all that another portion of time has passed 
our reach, and silently admonishes to a prudent use of that 
which may yet remain with us. 

" Celebrations of anniversaries are events of common oc- 
currence : we mingle in them frequently, and it is hoped and 
believed that such observances are beneficial to the com- 
munity. This Society has, through a great portion of its 
existence, set one day of the year apart, as a day to be kept 
holy — a day consecrated to recollections of the land of the 
birth of its members, and to free social intercourse with each 
other. On every other day of the year we are, and ought 
to be, citizens of our adopted country ; — on this day, we are, 



272 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



and ought to be, Irishmen : and this we can be — this latter 
character we can with great propriety resume — for one day 
out of the three hundred and sixty five, without derogating 
from our fidelity to the former. Nay, the doing so, makes 
us more fit to sustain the character of freemen. 

" Though the Seventeenth of March has long been ob- 
served, and kept as the Annual Festival of the Society, yet it 
never before came to us under the same circumstances as at 
the present time. The day which closes the first century and 
commences the second of its existence, is one which has been 
thought deserving of a little more than ordinary notice ; 
hence, we are met on this occasion, and the time we may now 
spend in this place, will be occupied by noticing, and bring- 
ing before you, such subjects as are supposed to be inter- 
esting and appropriate. * * * 

" The records of our institution show that its original 
organization was in the year 1737; a number of Irishmen hav- 
ing then associated under the name The Irish Society, and 
laid the foundation of the fraternal charity, the care of which 
has descended into our hands. It is pleasant and gratifying 
to see that the important designs of the founders are still 
recognized by the practice of their successors of the present 
day. * * * 

" The situation of a man quitting his native country and 
assuming the obligations of a citizen in another, may not 
inaptly be compared to that of one leaving the parental fire- 
side, and assuming the bonds and responsibilities of matri- 
mony. Though the latter must be the stronger, as well as 
the more endearing tie; yet the claims of the former to our 
love and gratitude are nothing diminished. They only 
yield in importance, when compared with the latter. In 
every other view, they remain unimpaired. So with Irish- 
men here; let them never forget the love due to their 
parent land, but let that to the land of their choice stand 
paramount. It is a goodly land, and its institutions are the 
pole-star and the hope of republicans all over the world. 
Long may it deserve and elicit such prayer and encomiums 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 273 

as that contained in the journal of one of our talented coun- 
trymen, who exclaims : ' Honor to the country which offers 
to the stranger, on equal terms, free participation in all she 
holds dearest. Hallowed be the institutions that open to 
talent a free field, and where honest ambition knows no 
bound except that of equal laws.' " 



At a meeting of the " Government " of the Society " at 
the House of William P. M'Kay, Treasurer," March 8, 1838, 
" the circumstance of a distinguished Irishman, the Earl of 
Gosford, being now in this city " was noted and it was voted 
" that a Delegation to consist of Three, be appointed to wait 
on the Earl of Gosford, with a ticket of invitation to our 
anniversary dinner." 

Under date of March 17, 1845, the records of the Society 
contain this entry : " Ninety gentlemen sat down to dinner 
at the Perkins House, at 4 o'clock. Mr. Terence McHugh, 
the President of the Society, presided on the occasion. The 
following invited guests were present: Rev. Mr. O'Brien, 
Pastor of St. Nicholas' (Catholic) church, Rev. Mr. Barnard 
of the Warren Street (Protestant) chapel, O. A. Brownson, 
Esq., R. C. Waterston, Esq., President of the British Charit- 
able Society, A. J. Cameron, President of the Scots' Char- 
itable Society, Hon. Josiah Quincy, Jr., and Thomas Gill, 
Esq. Interesting letters were received from the following 
gentlemen, regretting their inability to attend : Rt. Rev. 
J. B. Fitzpatrick, Rev. Mr. Hardy, Commodore Nicholson, 
John W. James, Esq., Hon. Gov. Briggs, Hon. Thomas A. 
Davis, Mayor of Boston, Hon. Sam'l A. Eliot. The com- 
pany enjoyed themselves finely. The Secretary has nothing 
to say about the quality of the dinner." 

Among the members of the Charitable Irish Society, previ- 
ous to the year 1800, were the following, the year accom- 
panying each name denoting the time of admission : 

Allen, Edward J737 Auchmuty, Robert . . . 1740 

Alderchurch, Edward . 1737 Allen, David 1740 

Austin, Joseph 1739 Arthur, George 1747 

18 



274 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



Auchmuty, Robert, Jr. 
Anderson, Thomas . . . 
Ash, Capt. Thomas .... 

Boyd, Adam 

Bennett, Thomas 

Bourns, Michael 

Black, Samuel 

Boulton, George 

Breaden, Philip 

Beath, John 

Butler, John 

Ball, John 

Black, Andrew 

Burk, William 

Bucey, George 

Burdick, Benjamin, Jr. 

Bryant, John 

Blake, John 

Brown, Dr. William . . . 

Bangs, Samuel 

Butler, Nicholas 

Beane, John 

Beaty, William 

Black, Moses 

Boies, John 

Burke, Andrew 

Barrett, George 

Clark, James 

Clark, John 

Caldwell, Alexander . . 
Canworthy, Andrew. . . 
Cumerf ord, Thomas . . . 

Connell, Patrick 

Coppinger, John 

Calderwood, Samuel. . . 

Carroll, Michael 

Cochran, Samuel 



748 Connor, Charles 1761 

756 Campbell, James 1761 

773 Clarehue, John 1761 

737 Campbell, Alexander ..1762 

737 Colman, John 1765 

738 Crawford, James 1765 

738 Cuthbertson, Samuel ..1766 

738 Cummings, James .... 1767 

739 Condon, Samuel 1768 

739 Carpenter, Richard ...1769 

742 Caldwell, Robert 1770 

749 Conner, Patrick 1770 

7^6 Callahan, Capt. John. . . 1771 

757 Calback, Philip 1772 

760 Connor, Edmund 1784 

765 Campbell, Andrew .... 1797 

766 Cavenagh, James 1 797 

769 Cottrill, Matthew 1797 

769 Duncan, Robert 1 737 

769 Drummond, William ..1737 

769 Downing, James J 737 

772 Draper, George l 7Z7 

JJ2. Douse, Samuel 1738 

784 Dunning, William ....1739 

784 Dillon, Peter 1739 

797 Dunworth, Henry .... 1739 

797 Dougherty, Walter ...1739 

737 Dorus, Hugh 1739 

y^y Dalton, James, 1740 

738 Davis, William 1740 

739 Derby, Michael 1740 

741 Duncan, George 1761 

743 Dougherty, James .... 1762 

757 Daily, Jeremiah 1765 

757 Doyle, Peter 1767 

757 Dalton, Capt. John. . . . 1767 

760 Dunn, Capt. David. . . . 1772 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



275 



Dunlap, Andrew, Sr. . .1797 
Dunlap, Andrew, Jr. . . 1797 

Dunlap, James I 799 

Egart, James 1737 

Edgar, William J 739 

Ervhine, Robert J 743 

Elliot, Simon 1757 

Elcler, Robert 1761 

Elliot Simon 1761 

Ellison Samuel 1761 

Elliot, Gen. Simon, Jr. .1791 

English, Thomas I 79 I 

Eaton, William B 1797 

Freeland, William .... 1737 

French, William J 739 

Ferguson, George .... 1739 
Fitzgibbon, Patrick . . . 1739 

Fergus, Owen 1739 

Farrel, John 1740 

Fullington, John 1761 

French, Nicholas 1 7&3 

Fitzgerald, Lewis 1766 

Freeman, Robert 1766 

Freeland, James ....... 1770 

Forrest, James l 77 2 

Field, John 1772 

Feran, Mark 1772 

Foley, John J 79 2 

Fletcher, Capt. P *797 

Gibbs, Daniel J 737 

Glen, George J 737 

Gardner, James I 737 

Geoghegan, Michael ..1737 

Griffin, John 1738 

Gilmore, Joseph x 739 

Gradon, John 1739 

Glen, Robert 1741 



Gormon, John 1 7&9 

Gerry, John : 769 

Gillespie, Archibald . . . 1770 

Gardner, Robert 1 77 2 

Grant, Thomas 1785 

Gardner, Robert 1791 

Getty, Robert I 793 

Hall, William 1737 

Hoog, John 1738 

Hutchinson, John .... 1739 

Holmes, Andrew I 739 

Harper, John 1739 

Hamilton, Frederick ..1740 

Hughes, James 1740 

Holmes, William 1740 

Hill, Robert 1743 

Howard, Capt. Samuel. 1769 
Hutchins, Matthew ...1772 

Hill, Charles I 773 

Hunter, Henry 1784 

Johnson, William I 7^>5 

Johnson, Thomas ^85 

Knox, Andrew J 737 

Kennedy, David J 737 

Knox, Adam I 737 

Knox, William 1756 

Knox, Andrew 1 75& 

Kelly, John 1759 

Kennedy, Robert 1765 

Knox, Robert I 7°9 

Kelly, Timothy 1769 

Knox, Henry 1 77 2 

Kennedy, John : 797 

Little, John 1737 

Lewis, Joseph I 73& 

Lawler, Thomas I 739 

Lee, Stephen 1761 



276 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



Ladley, John 


1762 


Malcon, John 1 


Logan, Patrick 


1762 


McNeill, John 1 


Leahy, Henry 


1762 


Mclntyre, Andrew . . . . 1 


Little, Alexander 


1765 


Mayers, Alexander. . . . 1 


Linn, James 


1771 


Morton, William 1 


Leslie, Capt. Samuel . . . 


1772 


Morton, Thomas 1 


Leslie, Peter 


1772 


Murray, Matthew 1 


Lee, Michael 


1773 


Mackay, William 1 


McFfall, Daniel 


1737 


Malcolm, Capt. Daniel. 1 


Mayes, James 


1737 


Moorhead, Alexander. . 1 


Moore, Samuel 


1737 


McLane, John 1 


Mortimer, Philip 


1737 


Maroney, William . . . . 1 


Motley, Patrick 


1737 


McClure, Capt. Wm . . . 1 


Molony, Thomas 


1737 


McCordey, Capt. Robt.i 


Moore, David 


1738 


McNeill, Daniel 1 


Macmurphy, John 


1738 


Magner, John 1 


McNeil, Adam 


1738 


Molloney, John 1 


McCrillis, James 


1738 


McPhilliney, Hugh 1 


McDaniel, Thomas 


1738 


McNeill, William 1 


McFaden, James 


1738 


Mansfield, John 1 


McGowing, Lodowic . . 


1789 


McNeil, Capt. John . . . 1 


Malcolm, Michael 


1739 


Mclntire, William 1 


McCleary, John 


1739 


McNeil, Robert 1 


Moony, John 


1739 


Mackay, William, Jr . . . 1 


Moorhead, Rev. John . . 


1739 


M'Donogh, Thomas. . . 1 


McDaniel, Hugh 


1739 


Magee, Capt. James . . . 1 


Miller, David 


1739 


Montgomery, John . . . . 1 


Miller, Samuel 


1740 


Mackay, Capt. John . . . 1 


McHord, James 


1740 


Murray, Rev. John . . . . 1 


McClennehan, Rev. W. 


1 741 


Menchin, Edward 1 


McNeil, Archibald 


1743 


McMann, 1 


Moore, William 


1743 


McGee, Capt. Bernard. 1 


Mclntire, Neill 


1743 


McNeil, Archibald 1 


Mackey, John 

Mortimer, James 


1745 
1747 


Neal, Daniel 1 


Nelson, James 1 


Miller, William 


1749 


Noble, Arthur 1 


McCarroll, Murtough . . 


1756 


Nugent, John ........ 1 



OF ST. PA THICK'S DA Y 



277 



Nash, James 1772 

Noonan, James T 773 

Neil, Thomas 1793 

Orr, Isaac 1737 

Pelham, Peter 1737 

Poyntz, John J737 

Powers, John 1739 

Patton, William 1739 

Powers, Edmund J 747 

Pihoe, John 1759 

Pelham, Henry !774 

Quig, John . . 1738 

Quailes, Charles 1769 

Richey, Francis 1737 

Ryan, Kennedy 1 739 

Richardson, Joseph. . . . 1746 

Raney, John 1757 

Reid, Andrew 1765 

Rotch, Moses 1765 

Roach, Moses 1767 

Rowe, Matthew 1768 

Ross, James 1769 

Reardon, Patrick 1786 

St. Lawrence, Joseph.. 1737 

Stewart, William 1737 

Sloane, Samuel 1738 

Sloane, Robert 1738 

Sherrard, William 1739 

Stet, James 1739 

Savage, Isaac 1739 

Stanley, David 1741 

Shilera, James 1743 

Savage, Robert 1746 

Smith, James ........ 1748 

Shortwell, Valentine. . . 1761 
Smith, Joseph 1761 



Smith, Peter 1762 

Sloane, Robert 1762 

Stone, Edward l 7&7 

Scott, Matthew 1767 

Sloane, Samuel I 769 

Sherlock, William .... 1770 
Sullivan, Bartholomew. 1772 

Scott, John 1773 

Stinson, John 1784 

Smith, Capt. James. . . . 1795 
Thomas, Archibald. . . . 1737 

Tracy, Patrick I 737 

Toler, William 1738 

Tabb, James 1739 

Temple, Robert 1740 

Thompson, John 1740 

Tanner, John 1741 

Thompson, John !745 

Tabb, Nicholas 1756 

Thompson, Benjamin. . 1757 

Thompson, John I 757 

Tufts, John 1773 

Vincent, William 1744 

Walsh, Nathaniel 1737 

Walker, Patrick 1737 

Whitley, John 1738 

Williams, Peter 1738 

Wood, Roger 1742 

Willis, Charles 1760 

Wier, Robert 1766 

Wier, David 1767 

Wilson, Capt. Alexander 1768 

Wright, Francis 1784 

Wier, Robert, Jr 1792 

Woods, William 1794 

Whitman, B 1797 



CHAPTER XXVIII. 

Poetical Contributions to Celebrations of the Day — Original Odes and 
other Productions Written for the Festival — Verses Sent to Leading News- 
papers for Publication in Connection with the Anniversary — Songs Dedi- 
cated to Various Organizations that took Part in Observing the Feast of 
St. Patrick. 



The celebration of St. Patrick's Day in New York and 
other cities has also been characterized by the production 
of songs and poems, many of them of a high order of merit. 
All breathe a spirit of affection and patriotism. A few of 
these productions are here appended. 

In the N. Y. " Daily Advertiser," March 17, 1786, we find 
this contribution : 

For the " Daily Advertiser " 

Verses 

For St. Patrick's Day 

Addressed to every Real Irishman 



Let others St. George and St. Andrew proclaim, 
Saint Patrick be mine while I sing of his fame; 
The truths of Religion he painted of old, 
And he practic'd the precepts as strict as he told. 

II 

His piety rivall'd the conclaves at Rome, 

And he sanctified all his adherents at home, 

E'en miracles too he display'd o'er the land, 

For each venomous creature he killed with his wand. 



EARL Y CELEB RA TIONS OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 
HI 

Tho' far from the shores where true fellowship reigns, 
Hibernia's remembrance awakens the strains 
And fancy inspires while I think on the hours 
When I kindly have shared Hospitality's powers. 

IV 

Be the day called St. Patrick's respected and dear, 
Let each honest Irishman honor it here ; 
May his heart by the love of his country be fir'd, 
And his hopes by humanity only inspired. 

V 

Be banish'd afar ev'ry thought that is mean, 
May nothing but candour embellish the scene ; 
Let th' social endearments of pleasure portray 
The sacred remembrance that springs from the day. 

VI 

Let the Shamrock aloft be distinct to the view, 

To show you an Irishman honest and true ; 

While you sit round the bottle give three hearty cheers, 

And a bumper sincerely to True Volunteers. 

VII 

Charge your glasses to Freedom, and tip off the toast ; 
Let an Irishman smile while the despot dare boast ; 
May the banners of Liberty wave in each clime, 
And friendship unbounded cease only with time. 

VIII 

To Congress supreme, and Washington too, 

A bumper of Burgundy justly is due; 

May we live long in peace, may they govern with skill, 

Then each Freeman may just be as great as he will. 

Hibernicus. 
New York, March 16, 1786. 



279 



2 8o EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

The following production appears in the N. Y. " Journal 
& Patriotic Register," March 17, 1788: 

For the " Daily Patriotic Register." 

Mr. Greenleaf: 

If you think the following trifle likely to promote the 
festivity of the anniversary of the tutelar saint of Ireland, 
your inserting it on Monday next will probably prove pleas- 
ing to such (at least) of your readers, as are descended from, 
or are themselves 

Irishmen. 

New York, March 14. 

Song 

On the Anniversary of 

St. Patrick, 1788. 

Respectfully dedicated to all genuine Milesians through- 
out the world, particularly those in America, by their de- 
voted countryman 

Mathew Carey. 
I 

Ye sons of St. Patrick, come jovially near: 

To the banners of Bacchus resort, 
On this solemn feast — to Irishmen dear 

To mirth consecrated and sport. 

II 

Far hence be all strife, contention and noise — 

Let harmony 'mongst us prevail : 
Push the bottle about — of wine taste the joys — 

True Milesians in toping ne'er fail. 

Ill 

Rever'd be St. Patrick, who in our blest isle, 
Spread the lustre of science around — 

On his natal day, our cares let's beguile 

While our foreheads with shamrocks are bound. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



IV 



Hospitality's praise — a virtue too rare — 

Was never to Ireland denied — 
Ev'n Twiss — the vile reptile — was forced to declare 

That just was the national pride. 



Regard ev'ry rank — from the high titled peer 
To the cotter, though abject and low, 

Each man to his friend gives a welcome sincere ; 
And freely good cheer doth bestow. 

VI 

In warlike achievements, few nations can gain 

So unsully'd and signal a fame : 
Search the records of France — of Germany — Spain, 

You'll find how well founded their claim. 

VII 

Cremona's defence — and Fontenoy's field — 

In deathless memorials display 
The national valour — to friends a strong shield — 

To opposers, confusion — dismay. 

VIII 

From northern Quebec, where Montgom'ry fell 

To Georgia's most southerly scene, 
Each state has beheld — each commander can tell 

How brave have our countrymen been. 

IX 

To such fav'rites of Mars — pray who could expect, 
Venus gives not of blessings a share? — 

No Irishman ever can fail to protect, 
To comfort, and cherish the fair. 



282 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

X 

A glass, jolly souls — a bumper pray fill — 
'Tis a toast that philanthropy prizes : 

Health, happiness, honour, attend the man still, 
Who reflections on nations despises. 



The N. Y. " Packet," March 17, 1789, has the following; 

Song 

For St. Patrick's Day, 1789. 

Addressed to the St. Patrick's Society of New- York. 

To Columbia's bright shores from Hibernia's blest regions, 

The vot'ries of honor, we ventured to steer ; 

To Freedom and Claret, we pay our allegiance; 

Detesting vile heel-taps and slavery. 

Both love and friendship's claims fulfilling, 

Still in true honor we persevere, 

A generous friend Sir, 

On us may depend Sir ; 

We ever are willing 

To share the last shilling; 
At worth in misfortune, disdaining to sneer; 

For none we maintain Sir, 

In w r ant should remain Sir, 
Possess'd of true honor and bravery. 
Whatever the land, which we happen to live in, 
Each Son of Hibernia will make it his own ; 
Now kindness imparting, now kindness receiving; 
His bosom with love overflowing. 
By narrow views ne'er prepossess'd Sir, 
He to be lov'd, needs but to be known, 

His heart and his hand Sir, 

The good may command Sir; 

His generous breast Sir, 

Feels for the oppress'd Sir, 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 283 

By nature and choice to benevolence prone; 

Wherever he goes Sir, 

On friends and foes Sir, 
Humanity's blessings bestowing. 



We also find this 

Song 

Addressed to the gentlemen of the St. Patrick's Society in 

New York. 

All ye Paddys of York, or from Dublin or Cork, 

Good fellows of every nation, 
Who for country or friends, the last drop would now spend — 

I honor you all in your station. 
Let us sing a song round, that our joys may abound, 

We abhor all contention and party; 
Come fill up your glasses and drink to the lasses, 

And strive to be jovial and hearty. 

He that thinks the attack of an Irishman slack, 

God help him how little he knows us : 
The fair and the foe, Oh ! we lay their heads low, 

If in love or in fight they oppose us : 
For in all kinds of wars, or of Cupid or Mars, 

Our courage and weapons are ready; 
True to the back bone, we give them their own, 

Our motto is, willing and steady. 

To Washington next ('tis a toast worth a text,) 

And preaching, o'er wine we despise Sir; 
A bumper! — here goes, to slavery's foes — 

It is good to be merry and wise Sir. 
To Franklin and Jay, due respect let us pay ; 

To Hamilton, Adams and Clinton; 
May they go hand in hand for the good of the land; 

So while we stay here — let us drink on. 



284 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

In the "American Citizen" (N. Y.), March 17, 1801, is 
this production : 

For the American Citizen. 

St. Patrick in America. 

A Song, for St. Patrick's Day. 

Last Patrick's Day, 'twas as dark as the night, 
For the Sun never shin'd on Hibernia's tod; 
Brother John grin'd a smile to behold the sad sight, 
When Erin go Bragh went in mourning. 
The Harp, the Shamrock, and the Shillaly 
Were stolen away — with the Wreath & the Roll. 

Poor Shelah kept tugging 

Whilst John Bull kept hugging 

For her butter and beef, like a coward and thief, 
With his blood-hounds of war, the outcasts from God, 

Who hang, burn and destroy 

Man, woman and boy — 
On St. Patrick's Day in the Morning. 

Oh ! St. Patrick, where were you on that great occasion ? 
— You that us'd to drive Reptiles away from the land; 
Arrah why did you suffer the British invasion? 
Why were they not drown'd in returning? — 
Was it they that broke your Pastoral Crook, 
And snatch'd all the power from your Holy Wand? 
Or have you been banish'd, 
Since Ireland has vanish'd? — 
In America list, then, and give us your fist, 
For this is the country for which we will stand; 
And fiercely oppose 
Either traitors or foes, 
Every Patrick's Day in the Morning. 

And now my dear friends, since our Saint has come over, 
To see how we look round our jolly full bowls : 
Let us welcome him here, where we all live in Clover, 
The malice of Kings ever scorning. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 285 

With peace and health still smiling around us, 
And plenty to cherish our generous souls — 

Now we all plainly see 

That America's free — 

Republicans true Sir, 

As ever you knew, Sir, 
From Ohio's Banks to where old Ocean rolls : 

Then to Jefferson still 

Our glasses we'll fill, 
Every Patrick's Day, Night and Morning. 



March 19, 1810, we find the following in " The 
Columbian " : . 1 

For the " Columbian." 
The Irish Bard. 

" Friendless exile ! old and hoary, 

Banish sorrow and complaint 
Wake thy harp to Erin's glory, 

Sing the lay of Erin's saint." 

'Twas Saint Patrick's festal morning 

When I met the man of grief, 
On his cheek the tear was burning 

Withered was the shamrock's leaf. 

" No," exclaim'd the aged stranger, 

" Erin's glory is no more, 
Hordes of bloody tyrants range her 

Freedom flies Hibernia's shore. 

" Shackled with the yoke of Britain, 

Doomed to vassalage and chains, 
Be her name nor sung nor written 

Till oppression fly her plains. 

" Bright she shines in ancient legends, 

When her sons awoke the lay, 
Ere her peaceful verdant regions 

Groan'd beneath ambition's sway. 



286 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

" Ask me not to sing of glory, 

For, by all the griefs I bear, 
By these scatter'd locks so hoary 

By our holy saint, I swear : 

" Erin's harp shall ever slumber, 
Never whisper through the vale 

Never breathe a tuneful number 
Pregnant with dishonor's tale. 

" Fallen are the chiefs of Erin, 
Fallen in their country's cause, 

Green their tombs are now appearing, 
There her weeping daughters pause. 

" When the night-blast scours the mountains, 
When it murmurs through the groves, 

Mournful by the dusky fountains, 
Emmet's shade in sadness moves. 

" See it points to curst oppression ! 

Hark ! its shrieks arrest the gale ! 
Hurl your thunders on aggression, 

Bid your warriors fill the vale. 

" Veterens rouse ! and save your nation ! 

Hark ! the trumpet calls to arms ! " 
" Stranger ! calm this perturbation. 

Here no martial trump alarms." 

In his eyes where fire was beaming, 
Now appeared the tear of grief, 

" No," he sighed, " I was but dreaming, 
Erin groans without relief. 

" But I'll feed the fond reflection, 

Days of other months review 
Call again to recollection, 

Dear companions that I knew. 



t OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 287 

" Now opprest by power and vi'lence, 

Not a harpstring breathes a tone, 
Wrapt in sorrow, thought, and silence, 

Erin's hapless minstrel's moan. 

"Sing of Erin's glory? madness! 

Would our Saint accept the lay ? 
No — devote to silent sadness 

This our patron's festive day." 

Selim. 



The following contribution was published in " The Colum- 
bian " (N. Y.), March 17, 1814: 

For the " Columbian." 

Hibernia, Her Station. 

Tune, " St Patrick's Day in the Morning." 

[If it will go to it.] 

When Teague and his comrade were banished from Erin, 
With heart-rending sighs, and melting in tears, 
They mourn'd the sad lot of their ill-fated nation — 
The seat, once, of learning, for thousands of years; 
For the day-star of liberty, then in its bloom, 
Show'd a track to the footstep of tyranny's tomb, 
And reform shone a light to the will of the nation — 
Whilst hope, smiling hope ! gave old Ireland her station, 
On Patrick's day, &c. 

Hail, Hail ! ye blest lands of Columbia and Erin ! 
The Eagle and Shamrock shall have the applause ; 
Fair freedom we cherish, her sons we will nourish, 
Protected by truth, equal rights, equal laws : 
May the power who'd oppress, or would tear us asunder, 
Be blotted forever from glory's bright name; 
For on St. Patrick's day, Yankee Doodle we'll play, 
With hearts all rejoicing that freedom bears sway, 
On Patrick's day, &c. 



288 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

Come rouse, you brave sons of Hibernia's green isle, 
Where mirth and good humor the dull hours beguile, 
St. Patrick let's toast, in a full flowing bowl, 
That true social Saint, that gave joy to the soul : 
May the children of Grana, in what clime they be, 
Like us, still be happy, united and free, 
With the harp playing sweetly, melodious to hear, 
To welcome with joy, the next coming year, 
On Patrick's day, &c. 



On March 6, 1818, " The Columbian " (N. Y.), had this: 
For the " Columbian." 
For the 17th of March. 

Motto — " You are all my own Children," says Granu Wale. 
Tune — " Patrick's Day in the Morning." 

Ye sons of Saint Patrick we are now met together, 
Contented, united, quite happy and free, 
Our friends in Hibernia will always remember 
This day with devotion, with hearts full of glee. 
Tho' banish'd and exil'd from dear native Erin, 
The harp sounds its dirge on American soil, 
And touches the heart and the song full with measure, 
That links and that joins hearts and hands together. 

On Patrick's Day in the Morning. 

Old Granu was wise when she gave us a lesson, 
Of which all Good Irishmen ought to avail, 
The truth it is simple, not touching a dimple, 
You are all my own Children says Granu Wale. 
Then fill up your glasses, the time quickly passes, 
Let the Shamrock be drown'd with mirth and delight, 
With the Green Flag its Standard, we'll Nobly Extend It, 
By the Shamrock and Eagle it shall be defended. 

On Patrick's Day in the Morning. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 289 

Hibernia, old Erin, we have not yet forgot you, 
Our dear native country, our dear native shore, 
May Freedom and Friendship and Conviviality 
Bless the Green Island with whiskey galore, 
Let the hand that would touch the three leaves of the Sham- 
rock, 
Or entwine her sweet daisies 'gainst Liberty's shrine, 
Soon meet with a halter, his tongue to make falter, 
Till St. Patrick himself shall cause things to alter — 
Then Paddy's resource shall have its free course 

On Patrick's Day in the Morning. 



In the " Evening Post " (N. Y.), March 21, 1828, we find 
another contribution, viz. : 

For the " Evening Post." 

Song for St. Patrick's Day — 1828. 

Tune — " Auld Lang Syne." 

Come — fill to Erin and her fame ! 

Tho' far from her green fields, 
Our hearts — our swelling hearts may claim 

The pride her glory yields, 
Tho' dark roll Ocean's thousand waves 

Upon her distant shore, 
The land that holds our fathers' graves 

Shall memory still restore. 

The friends we left — the scenes we lov'd 

In early freshness rise; 
And like warm tears, when souls are moved, 

They dim yet bless our eyes. 
Again we hail the morning smoke 

Of home's dear hallowed hearth; 
We hear the lark's blithe strain that woke 

To life — to love — to mirth! 
19 



290 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

Oh ! fair and far the vision glows; 

Home's greeting throng appears : 
Once more we pluck the sweet wild rose, 

We pluck'd in other years ! 
Its balmy dew is on our cheeks, 

Pure, trembling, glist'ning, clear. 
Ah ! no — too plain the moisture speaks 
v 'Tis still the Exile's tear ! 

Yet fill — fill high — while memory's light 

That tribute tear illumes 
'Twill lead her wand'rer, e'en at night, 

Where Erin's shamrock blooms. 
Still fadeless wreaths shall learning 'twine 

From bowers of her green Isle; 
Like day's broad light, her fame shall shine, — 

One universal smile ! 

S An Irishman's Son. 



Song 

Sung for the Hibernian Society in New- York, 

March 17, 1804. 

Tune — " Let the toast pass." 

Here's to the Land where our forefathers dwelt, 

Dear Erin's the spot that I mean, sirs; 
Here's to the Heroes whose blood has been shed 
By endeavouring its rights to maintain, sirs. 
May Ireland be free and as happy as we, 
May her Sons and her Daughters enjoy Liberty. 

Here's to the Fair that adorn that Isle, 

May their Virtue protect them from danger; 
In Freedom's great cause they've embarked with a smile, 
May no ruffianly Soldiers assail them. 

May Ireland be free and as happy as we, 

May her Sons and her Daughters enjoy Liberty. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 

Here's to this Land where for shelter we've fled, 

Where an asylum found among strangers, 
May its Children find shelter in every shed, 
America's the country I mean, sirs. 

May Ireland be free and as happy as she, 

May her Sons and her Daughters enjoy Liberty. 

Here's to those Friends now assembled around, 

And here's to this great Institution. 
May it long prove a blessing to Erin's poor Sons 
That have suffered from foul persecution. 

May Ireland be free and as happy as we, 
And may Patrick and Tammany ne'er disagree. 



291 



At the celebration by the Hibernian Provident Society, 
New York, in 1806, " Mr. Swiney favored the company " 
with a song " composed for the day by Doctor MacNeven." 

The " Columbian" (N. Y.), in the issue March, 11, 1812, 
has the following: 

From the " Shamrock." 

The following song, to the tune of " The Sprig of Shillelah 
and Shamrock so Green," is the production of Mr. M'Farland, 
and inscribed by permission to the " Juvenile Sons of Erin." 

You may talk of your dons, or your Briton's proud birth, 
We boast of old Ireland, the land of true mirth, 

With the dance, and the song, and the shamrock so green; 
Whose generous welcome to strangers so free, 
Whose candor and friendship gives zest, fun and glee; 
With hearts gay expanded, without any guile, 
At the shamrock's appearance each face gives a smile, 

At the dance, and the song, and the shamrock so green. 

We bless the great land of our green emerald isle, 
Where mirth and good humor the dull hours beguile, 

With the dance, and the song, and the shamrock so green. 
Where the harp plays so sweetly, enraptur'd each lay 
Its melody swells on St. Patrick's day; 



292 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



Whose sons in the field, at the dance or the song, 
Excel the old Spartans, when joined in a throng, 

At the dance, and the song, with the shamrock so green. 

Hail, hail happy friends of Columbia's free-land, 
Where freedom's brave sons unite heart and hand, 

At the dance, and the song, with the shamrock so green; 
Then let us be cheerful, and always agree 
This land to keep happy, united and free; 
May mankind be blest, and enjoy equal laws, 
And always triumphant in liberty's cause 

With the dance, and the song, and the shamrock so green. 



The Juvenile Sons of Erin, New York, listened to the 



following song at their observance in 1812 



Original Song. 
Tune — " Hermit of Killarney." 

When rolling orbs from chaos sprung, 

A guide for the oppress'd; 
One sparkling star kind nature flung 

And fix'd it in the west; 
Admiring millions view its flight, 

And hail it from afar; 
Enraptur'd, bless its cheering flight, 

They call it Freedom's Star. 

Beneath its influence, deserts wild 

Are deck'd in Eden's bloom, 
It makes the wintry tempest mild, 

Deep forests cease to gloom; 
And man erect, with eye of fire, 

Th' oppressor's threats can dare, 
May to man's dignity aspire, 

And bless his Freedom's Star. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 

It can a brighter mantling glow 

O'er blushing beauty shed, 
A smile of heavenly radiance throw 

A halo round her head; 
The warrior rouse thro' tented field 

To drive the rapid car, 
Whilst tyrants pale and trembling yield 

To Freedom's Blazing Star. 

Then sweep, ye Bards, the sounding lyre, 

In animating strain; 
Sages consume with pens of fire 

The fell oppressor's chain; 
Then to the field ye brave and free, 

Nor dread the storm of war ; 
Your guide to victory shall be 

Dear Freedom's Blazing Star. 



293 



The Juvenile Sons of Erin, just mentioned, were also 
treated in 181 2 to this: 

Original Song. 
Tune — " Carolan's Receipt." 

On bleak Benhedden's frowning steep, 

All clad in green a female form 
Appeared, as waking from a sleep, 

To raise her head amidst the storm; 
Like one she seemed of hope bereav'd, 

Loose waved her streaming cloudy hair, 
Her snowy bosom deeply heaved. 

Her features wore the gloom of care; 
A half strung harp beside her lay, 

Which to the gale responsive rung; 
Bright flash'd her eye a fiery ray, 

And thus green Erin's genius sung: 



294 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



" Ah ! who hath torn the blooming bays 

Which wav'd so graceful on thy brow? 
The harp sung deeds of other days, 

111 fated Isle, where are they now? 
From yonder hill the brave descend, 

Barombe the daring phalanx guides 
Loud cries of death the welkin rend, 

As through the stately ranks he rides: 
The sons of Scandinavia came, 

Fierce as their stormy, wintry waves; 
They came for plunder and for fame. 

In yon fam'd field they found their graves." 

Play'd o'er her face a smile of pride, 

A brighter fire shot from her eye, 
" Still hope, my sons," enwrapt she cried, 

" For Erin's fame shall never die. 
Behold ! and hail yon patriot band, 

That firm the threats of tyrants brave ! ! 
Like Erin's rocks the heroes stand 

Which dash to foam th' assaulting waves — 
Let Union, Union, be the word, 

Three on one stalk united strong, 
Draw, for the harp, the flaming sword 

And dare the world to do you wrong." 

Speaking of the two foregoing songs a note says : " The 
foregoing songs are the production of our countryman Mr. 
M'Creery, of Petersburgh, Va. The first was sung by Mr. 
Riley, in a superior manner, and the second was intended to 
be introduced by the same gentleman with piano accompani- 
ments; but unfortunately the instrument got so injured in 
removing to the rooms, that it could not be used. Mr. 
Moffat, in his usual style, supplied the deficiency with his 
clarinet, amidst the enthusiastic plaudits of the company." 



The two following odes were composed for the centennial 
anniversary of the Boston Charitable Irish Society, 1837. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



295 



They were sung, at the exercises on that occasion, by a select 
choir, accompanied by a band. 

ORIGINAL ODE. 
By Rev. Mr. Pierpont. 
Air " Paddy's Land." 

To the Emerald Isle, where our kindred are dwelling, 

And where the remains of our forefathers sleep, 
Our eyes turn to-day with the tears in them swelling ; — 

But why are we sad, who this festival keep ? 
We weep not for ourselves ; — for our fathers, our mothers, 
Whom we ne'er shall see more; for our sisters, our brothers, 
Whom we hope to see yet ; O, yes, and for others 

We may not name aloud, — 'tis for these that we weep. 

Poor Ireland ! how long shall thy hardly earn'd treasures 
Be wrung from thy hand, that a priesthood may gorge, 

Who, year after year, are abroad on their pleasures, 
Or swelling the train of a William or George ! 

'Tis not so with thy sons on this side of the Ocean; 

Here we open our hands from the grateful emotion 

We feel to our priests, for their zeal and devotion, 
In removing our sins and the fetters they forge. 

At evening the blue eyes of many a maiden 

In Erin are lifted to look at the star, 
That is hung in the west ; and the night wind is laden 

With sighs for the loved one beneath it afar. 
Girls of the green isle, O do not deplore us ! 
In our visions ye' re swimming, like angels, before us, 
And the Being whose shield of protection is o'er us, 

Hath not made the deep an impassable bar. 

Though absent, the fount of our faith is not frozen, 
While we live, of its upwelling waters we'll draw, 

For the maids that we love, for the land that we've chosen, 
Where freedom is nursed at the bosom of law. 



2 9 6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

" Land of the free ! for the shelter thou'st given 
To those whom the storm of oppression has driven 
From their homes, may a blessing be on thee from Heaven," 
Say the sons and the daughters of Erin go bragh. 



ORIGINAL ODE. 

By Thomas Power, Esq. 

Air " Gramachree." 

There rose a light in western sky 

One hundred years ago; 
It beamed from Pity's melting eye 

To calm the sufferer's woe: 
The exile from his native shore 

Beheld the gentle light, 
And dear the hope its promise bore 

Upon the wanderer's sight. 

From hearts that felt a brother's pain, 

The holy bond was given, 
To whisper soft compassion's strain, 

As breathing airs of Heaven : 
And then the tearful exile found, 

While hope his bosom fills, 
The harp that gives the sweetest sound, 

Was tuned on Erin's hills. 

When tired and faint the wanderer finds 

The soul of pity here, 
The wounded heart it gently binds, 

And dries the trembling tear. 
Be mercy's free and sacred boon 

Upon our altars laid, 
In fortune's bright, unclouded noon, 

Or sorrow's deepening shade. 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 297 

The thoughts that spring from kindred hearts, 

That own a common tie, 
Shall live till life's best hope departs, 

Or sorrow's tear be dry; 
And memory still shall linger round 

The thought that wildly thrills ; 
The harp that gives its sweetest sound, 

Was tuned on Erin's hills. 



CHAPTER XXIX. 

Curious and Interesting Odds and Ends — An Ordinance Passed " To 
Prevent Improper Conduct on Certain Days " in New York — A Copy 
of the Ordinance — Petition from " Saint Patrick " for its Better Enforce- 
ment — Irish Naturalized Citizens Present an Address to De Witt Clinton 
— Other Entertaining Incidents. 

In 1803, an ordinance was passed in New York city spe- 
cially designed " to prevent improper conduct on certain 
days," St. Patrick's Day being one of them. Indeed, this 
day is specifically mentioned in the ordinance, a copy of 
which is here given. It can be found in the N. Y. " Evening 
Post," the " American Citizen " and other papers of March 
16, 1803. It has been frequently republished, and reads as 
follows : 

An ordinance to prevent improper conduct on certain 
days. 

1. Be it ordained by the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common- 
alty of the city of New- York in Common Council convened, 
That if any person shall, on the Seventeenth day of March, 
commonly called St. Patrick's Day, or any other day, carry 
or drag through or along the street, alley or highway, within 
this city, or shall exhibit to public view in any street, alley 
or highway, or from any window, roof of any house, or other 
building, or shall exhibit to public view in any place, or in 
any manner within this city, an effigy of St. Patrick, or any 
other titular saint, or of any person or persons whomsoever, 
or any shew of a similar kind, whether the same is intended 
as an effigy of St. Patrick or any other titular saint, or any 
person or persons, or whether the same is disguised to ridi- 
cule such titular saint, or any person or persons whomsoever, 
he or she shall forfeit and pay for each offence the penalty of 
Ten Dollars, to be recovered with costs of suit. 

2. And be it further ordained, That every person who shall 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. FA TRICK'S DAY 



299 



be aiding, assisting, or countenancing any such transaction 
as aforesaid, shall be deemed to have acted contrary to this 
ordinance, and shall, for each offence, forfeit and pay the like 
penalty, to be recovered as aforesaid. 

3. And it is further ordered, That if any person who shall 
contravene this ordinance shall be a minor, an apprentice, a 
bound servant, or a slave, his or her parent or guardian, 
master or owner, as the case may be, shall be deemed liable 
to pay the penalty so incurred, and shall and may be prose- 
cuted for the same as aforesaid. 

A true copy of its original 

T. Wortman, City Clerk. 

With reference to the foregoing ordinance, this facetious 
petition from " Saint Patrick " appears in the " Chronicle 
Express," March 17, 1803: 

Wednesday, March 16. 
To the Editor of the " Morning Chronicle," 
My dear Crature. 

By just inserting the following little bit of petition, 
you will confer a lasting obligation on 

An Afflicted Saint. 

To the honorable the mayor, aldermen and commonalty of 
the city of New-York, in common council convened. 

The petition of Saint Patrick, of the kingdom of Ireland, 
most respectfully sheweth: 

That, whereas it has been a custom prevailing since time 
immemorial, among the young, ragged, and sunburnt order 
of citizens in this city, to testify their respect and veneration 
of your petitioner, by forming, on the 17th day of March, 
solemn and splendid processions, and (with shouts and other 
vehement expressions of joy, highly pleasing and grateful 
to the citizens,) " carrying or dragging through or along the 
streets, alleys and highways within this city," various pretty 
effigies of rags and straw, decorated with potatoes and cod- 
fish, whereby your petitioner was most honorably repre- 
sented. 



300 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



And whereas, it has pleased your honourable body, in the 
plenitude of your care and tenderness for the public wel- 
fare and tranquility, among other decrees of equal wisdom 
and importance, to publish an ordinance, prohibiting under 
penalty of ten dollars, all such magnificent testimonies of 
public respect, (as they were calculated to instil into the 
minds of the young and vulgar a taste for shew and parade, 
highly dangerous to the prosperity of a republic.) 

And whereas your said most gracious and laudable decree, 
in the magnitude of its beneficial influence, doth not extend 
to the abolishing of a custom also established, since time im- 
memorial, by the aforesaid young, ragged and sun burnt 
gentry, of " carrying and dragging through or along the 
streets, alleys and highways within the city," on the 18th 
day of March, the effigy of your petitioner's beloved wife 
Shelah ; your prohibition being against the carrying or drag- 
ging the effigy of St. Patrick, or any other titular saint, per- 
son or persons whomsoever — and Shelah (dear jewel) not 
having the good fortune to be either saint or person at all, 
at all. 

And whereas your humble petitioner hath not enough of 
the modern husband in his composition to be satisfied with 
having his wife gallanted about the streets by any other 
person but himself — especially without his being present : 

Now therefore, your petitioner most humbly, respectfully, 
and earnestly entreats and prays your honourable body, that 
amidst the many important considerations with which your 
honourable body is continually engaged, that it would please 
your honourable body to listen to the private distresses of 
your distressed petitioner; and insert a little bit of a clause in 
your aforesaid highly important and valuable ordinance; 
where is shall be decreed, that your petitioner's beloved wife 
Shelah, aforesaid, shall not be allowed to appear in public on 
the day aforesaid, but shall stay at home and console her con- 
fined husband; otherwise your petitioner much fears that she 
will exhibit herself about the city, to the annoyance of your 
most honourable body's most humble petitioner. 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



301 



And your petitioner further prays, that it may be explained 
by your honourable body, that any person who carries a 
potatoe or cod-fish on the end of a stick, pole, or any other 
thing, or in any other manner, on the day aforesaid, shall 
come within the sense of your most gracious decree aforesaid. 

And also, that if any bull shall be found running " through 
or along the streets, alleys, or highways within this city," on 
the day aforesaid, he shall be slain for the benefit of the poor 
of this city. 

And so bad luck to the man that eats bull beef on that day. 

And your petitioner, as in duty bound, will forever pray. 

Saint Patrick. 

An anonymous individual, subscribing himself " An Irish- 
man and a Citizen," in " The Columbian " (N. Y.), April 6, 
1 810, takes an excursion into the field of ethnological analy- 
sis. He finds, he says, " three very distinct classes of Irish " 
in this country. His sentiments are here presented for what 
they are worth. It will be noticed that some political acri- 
mony enters into his expressed views. He says: — 

" * * * It cannot escape an attentive observer that 
there are three very distinct classes of Irish in this country. 
Those who were here before the war, who remained in the 
British lines, grew rich and now assume a sort of aristocratic 
importance as advocates of the subordination and distinc- 
tions of the British system. These men are tories here, 
and would be Orangemen at home; and though occasional 
arrivals of these parricides add somewhat to a number never 
very great, the whole tribe is sinking rapidly into insig- 
nificance. These are the men who entertained Mr. Jackson ; 
who composed the union that extinguished the independence 
of their native country, and who never can be devoted 
friends to America in a competition with England. 

" Next to them are the persons who emigrated from Ire- 
land previously to her noble struggle for the national eman- 
cipation. They are, for the most part, friends to liberty, but 
do not possess the enthusiasm or the ardor of their revolu- 



3° 2 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



tionary compatriots. They have been long naturalized, and 
very justly claim a participation in the privileges and other 
benefits of a condition, the duties of which they are bound 
equally with any native citizen to perform. Among them 
we may look for the same motives of conduct, and, at times, 
the same tergiversation in the pursuit of interest that we see 
so abundantly among Americans. In their class particularly 
may be reckoned a couple of individuals who are supposed 
to have been lately seduced from the republican party in this 
city. As to one of them, however who neither holds nor 
seeks an office, (the boast of the English partizans) Cheet- 
ham will probably be confounded on the day of election. 
We cannot yet believe that Mr. M'Kay will be duped by the 
specious but perfidious designs of an apostate and a traitor 
to freedom ; yet if he should be tempted to act so inconsistent 
a part, we predict to him that he will find it the grave of his 
reputation. 

" The third, and by far the most important portion of the 
Irish, consists of those who were driven from their native 
soil in consequence of the unsuccessful efforts for the libera- 
tion of their country. These are, generally speaking, men 
of bold and decided characters, lovers of liberty, not only 
with the conviction of reason but the ardor of passion. A 
handful of them is worth a legion of all the rest, for any pur- 
pose of enterprize or action. Let the agents of England by 
what arts they may, nay, let them blend ever so much truth 
with the artifices by which they endeavor to irritate and 
lead astray, these men will be ever proof against the seduc- 
tion, and fly from the touch of British machination as they 
would from pestilence or dishonor. Like all men of strong 
feelings they may be sometimes intemperate, but what they 
never will be, is willfully and knowingly opposed to the prin- 
ciples or practice of representative government, as estab- 
lished in these United States. 

" An Irishman and a Citizen." 

Retracing our steps from ethnology and politics back to 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



3°3 



St. Patrick's Day, we find this advertisement in " Riving- 
ton's Royal Gazette," of March 20, 1779: 



Taken down on Wednesday the 17th day of March, be- 
tween 11 and 12 o'clock from the house of William Dealling, 
Hair Dresser, in Maiden Lane, by some mischievous person 
or persons, a long 

Barber's Pole 

With a yellow Nob at the end of it — The Serpents who took 
it down are supposed to have been drinking St. Patrick, for 
they threatened to carry the Rascal to the Main-Guard, 
meaning my Pole, and which is said to have been made use of 
by a great fat Butcher, as a Walking Stick, but whoever has 
got the Pole, and will bring the same Nob and all compleat 
to the owner, shall be dry shaved, and put into queue for their 
trouble. 

Whether the owner ever recovered the pole, history 
doesn't state. 

In the "Daily Advertiser" (N. Y.), March 16, 1797, we 
find this : 

Take Notice 

This Day the 16 Inst, will be Exposed for Sale 
The Beef of a Heifer 
known by the name of The Maid of the Mill — reared and 
fatted by Mr. Messer of New-Jersey — pronounced by the 
best judges to be the superior of anything of her kind ever 
slaughtered in the State of New York. 

The Sons of Hibernia and Citizens in general are invited 
to call at the Stall, No 44 Fly-market, to gratify the sight if 
not the palate. 

John Fink. 

The New York "Daily Gazette," Thursday 18 March, 
1790, states that "yesterday, being St. Patrick's day, the 
same was celebrated by the St. Patrick's Society of this city, 
at the City-Tavern. Several of the officers of the different 



3°4 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



societies were invited, and a number of the most respectable 
characters were present. The day was spent in conviviality 
and closed with harmony." 

The following card is found in the " Daily Advertiser," 
March 14, 1800: 

St. Patrick's Society 

The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, will please to take notice, that their Anniversary 
Dinner will be at the Tontine Coffee House on Monday 
March the 17th, at 4 o'clock. 

In " The Columbian," (N. Y.), March 30, 1810, is " An 
extract from the Albany ' Register ' showing the proceed- 
ings of the St. Patrick's Society at Albany on March 17," 
that year. 

In the New York "Gazette," Monday, 18 March, 181 1, 
and "The Evening Post," Saturday, 16 March, 181 1, is the 
accompanying card : 

St. Patrick's Society 

The Members of the Society of the friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, will please to take notice, that their Anniversary 
Dinner will be held at the Tontine Coffee House, on Mon- 
day, the 1 8th inst. 

Dinner will be on the table at 4 o'clock. 

R. R. Waddell, Sec'ry. 

" The Western Star and Harp of Erin," (N. Y.), Satur- 
day, 18 July, 18 1 2, mentions the toasts of the Hibernian 
Provident Society, at its dinner of 4 July, 1812. 

Looking through the files of " The N. Y. Columbian," 
and also those of " The Commercial Advertiser," we find, 
March 16, 181 5, the accompanying 

Notice 

This Evening (16th instant) at eight o'clock, a Meeting 
will be held at the Mechanic Hall, of Irish Naturalized Citi- 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



3°5 



zens, to take into consideration the most suitable mode of 
testifying their obligations to the late mayor of the city, 
Dewitt Clinton, Esq. Those who are friendly to this object 
are respectfully invited to attend. 

Speaking of this meeting, New York papers state that 
" At the meeting of the naturalized Irishmen William James 
MacNeven was chosen chairman, and Charles Christian 
Secretary. An address to Dewitt Clinton was adopted, and 
presented to him on March 18 by the following committee 
appointed for that purpose — Thomas Addis Emmet, Dennis 
M'Carthy, William James MacNeven and Charles Christian." 
To these Clinton made an appreciative reply. 

In the " Public Advertiser," (N. Y.), Wednesday, 4 April, 
18 10, is an exhortation to Irishmen to support the Republi- 
can party. 

In the " Columbian," (N. Y.) Tuesday, 10 April, 1810, is 
a communication from " Common Sense " warning Irish- 
men that Cheetham of the " Citizen " is trying to influence 
them to gain their votes. 

"The Public Advertiser," (N. Y.) Thursday, 12 April, 
1810, has a communication, in favor of Republicanism, from 
" An Irishman of the Sixth Ward " to " Naturalized Irish- 
men." 

" The Columbian," Saturday, 14 April, 1810, publishes a 
communication from " A Son of Erin " to the " Adopted 
Citizens," advising them not to follow Cheetham and the 
Federalists. 

"The Columbian," April 21, 1810, and from day to day 
until the election (April 24-26) has been decided contains 
appeals to Irishmen to vote the Republican ticket, and warns 
them against the Federalists. 

On Feb. 28, 1809, this notice appears in " The Public Ad- 
vertiser," (N. Y.): 

Hibernian Provident Society. 

A regular meeting of the Hibernian Provident Society will 
be held on Thursday Evening next, at 7 o'clock precisely, at 



30^ 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



the Union Hotel, 68 William street. The election for offi- 
cers, and other business of importance takes place on that 
evening — the members are therefore requested to be early 
and punctual in their attendance. 

I. Redmond, Sec'ry. 

In the " Public Advertiser," Thursday, 9 March, 1809, is 
the following : 

Hibernian Provident Society 

An extra meeting of the Hibernian Provident Society, will 
be held This Evening, at the Union Hotel, 68 William street, 
at 7 o'clock. 

Punctual and early attendance is particularly requested. 
By order 

I. Redmond, Sec'ry. 

In the " Evening Post," (N. Y.), March 3, 1814, is this 
notice : 

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick 

The members are requested to meet at the Tontine Coffee 

House, on Monday the 7th March at 12 o'clock, for the 

election of officers. 

N. M'Vickar, Sec'ry. 

1 
1 

In the same paper, March, 1814, this appears: 

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 

Dine at the Tontine Coffee House This Day the 17th 
March. Dinner at Four o'clock. 

N. M'Vickar, Sec'ry. 

On Feb. 28, 181 5, " The Columbian," (N. Y.), says that a 
stated meeting of the Hibernian Provident Society " will 
be held on Thursday Evening next, 2d March, when the 
Election of Officers for the ensuing year (will take place). 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



307 



A general and early attendance of the members is requested. 
David Bryson, Sec'ry." 

From the " Columbian," Thursday, 7 March, 1816: 

Hibernian Provident Society 

A meeting of the Hibernian Provident Society will be held 
at the corner of Nassau and Little George sts. This evening, 
at 7 o'clock. 

By order of the President. 

R. Swanton, Sec'ry. 

N. B. The officers of the Society for the ensuing year will 
be chosen at the next meeting. Punctual attendance is 
therefore requested. 

"The Columbian," Tuesday, 11 March, 1817, announces 
that The Shamrock Friendly Association is " requested to 
meet This Evening at the usual time and place." 

This notice is found in " The Columbian " of March 3, 
1817: 

Shamrock Friendly Association. 

The Society will meet on Tuesday Evening the 4th of 
March, at the usual time and place. The punctual attend- 
ance of the Members is requested, as officers for the ensuing 
year will be elected. By order, 

Alexander Pyke, Sec'ry. 

March 7, 181 7, " The Columbian " has the following: 



Hibernian Provident Society 

[By the following result of an election held last evening 
for officers for the ensuing year, it appears that Cornelius 
Heaney, who now misrepresents the genuine republicans of 



308 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 

New- York, was rejected as a candidate against captain 
M'Keon, by about 2 to i ! — Good ! and the harbinger of 
better.] 

James M'Keon, President. 

Robert Swanton, 1st Vice President. 

Dennis S. Kelly, 2d Vice President. 

Thomas Foot, Treasurer. 

David Bryson, 1st Secretary. 

William Cox, 2d Secretary. 

Standing Committee. 

Malachi M'Donough, Peter M'Gonigle, John Clancy, Wm. 
Patterson. 

This result of president, &c. in a contested election, re- 
flects credit on the Society. 



" The Columbian," Tuesday, 3 March, 1818, published this 
notice : 

Shamrock Friendly Association. 

A regular meeting of the Society will be held at the house 
of Mr. Coghlan, No. 70 William-street, This Evening, at 
7 o'clock, P.M. — at which time there will be an election of 
officers for the ensuing year. By order. 

Alex. Pyke, Sec'ry. 

"The Columbian," (N. Y.) Wednesday, 8 July, 1818, 
shows that in the procession honoring the memory of Gen. 
Montgomery, the Hibernian Provident Society was eighth, 
and the Shamrock Society eleventh, in the line of march. 

In the " Columbian," Saturday, 13 March, 1819, is a men- 
tion of a complimentary address to Gen. Andrew Jackson by 
the Shamrock Friendly Association of New York, and the 
reply of Jackson. 



CHAPTER XXX. 

William Murphy and his Address "To the People of the State of 
New York" in 1809 — A Curious Old Pamphlet Reproduced — It Quaintly 
Describes an Incident in the Career of the Hibernian Provident Society 
— Showing that Political Issues were Sufficiently Potent to Cause more 
or less Agitation at the Time. 

In March, 1809, one William Murphy of New York city 
brought out a pamphlet which he ambitiously addressed " To 
The People of The State of New York." While it had no 
connection whatever with the celebration of St. Patrick's 
Day, it is here reproduced as a curiosity of the period. At 
this distance of nearly a century, the subject matter of the 
pamphlet looks trivial enough, but it was evidently consid- 
ered in a very serious light at the time when issued. 

The pamphlet was probably widely distributed by the 
author. The one before us is faded by age but is, otherwise, 
in a good state of preservation. The following is a copy, 
with a few typographical errors corrected : 

To The 
People of the State of New York. 



The Hibernian Provident Society, 

or 

The Spanish Inquisition 

Under Nine Directors. 

SOME time in December, 1808, a private caucus was 
held by the violent and turbulent members of said society, 
to investigate J. O'Neale's political conduct in general, but 
in particular the part he took at the last charter election in 
the' sixth ward. The caucus appointed a committee, viz. : 



3io 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



Henry Eagles, (A.) George dimming, commonly called 
Dr. Cumming, and (B.) Thomas M'Kittrick. 

The committee being composed of pretty good materials, 
it was presumed would have done their duty; however, prior 
to the first Thursday in January last, the regular monthly 
meeting of said society, a friend of John O'Neale's informed 
him of what was going on, and requested his, the said John 
O'Neale's punctual attendance on said night. On the 5th 
day of January, 1809, the first Thursday in the month, the 
society met. — Swanton in the chair — J. M'Kinley, vice presi- 
dent — Ignatius Redmond, secretary — and continued in their 
stations during the whole of the trial; their several conduct 
and behaviour pending the same, shall be particularized in 
the sequel. 

The society having gone through the common routine of 
business of the night, the caucus committee was requested 
to give in their report. George Cumming, commonly called 
Dr. Cumming, stood up and said that they had not sufficient 
time to make the necessary enquiries, or to obtain sufficient 
proof: it was then moved that two more be added to said 
committee, when (C.) Mr. D. H. Doyle, of Front-street, 
and Walter Morton, secretary of the Phcenix company, 
were added to the committee. It was presumed by many 
present, that the unexpected appearance of John O'Neale 
that night, frustrated the plans of his accusers, for it ap- 
peared pretty evident that the accusers meant to try, convict, 
hang, and decapitate the said O'Neale, at one time, and in 
his absence; after going through the customary business of 
the night, the society adjourned — so ended the first night of 
the inquisition. Mr. Dennis H. Doyle, Mr. Matthew Byrne 
and John O'Neale, went up William-street: Alexander 
M'Beath, Archibald Ball, and I. Grey, went in company 
part of the way. 

Thursday Evening, February 2, 1809, the society met 
agreeably to adjournment, when, after going through the 
regular routine of business the charges against John O'Neale 
were demanded, when Walter Morton, Phcenix Fire Com- 
pany secretary, brought forward the following charges. 

" First. Aiding and assisting the election of one or more of 
" the federal candidates, at the late charter election in the 
" sixth ward, and inducing republican electors, by misrep- 
" resentations, to support the same." 

" Second. Injuring the success of one or more of the re- 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



3« 



" publican candidates at said election, by your general 
" conduct, in keeping yourself, and notoriously endeavor- 
" ing to keep others, separate from and hostile to their 
" republican fellow citizens." 
" Third. Declaring and avowing your intention to vote, and 
" actually voting for one or more of the federal candidates 
" at said election. 

" By order of the committee, 

" I. REDMOND, Secretary." 

The charges being read, the above Fire Secretary, Wal- 
ter Morton, read a report, which for baseness of expression 
and scurrility of language, must have convinced every one 
present (the inquisitors only excepted) that it proceeded 
from a character that would disgrace the most infernal ac- 
cusers of a Palmer, a Muir, or a Margarot, and that a char- 
acter that is capable of bringing forward such reports and 
charges, &c. against a citizen of the United States, should 
be held in the utmost horror and contempt by every citizen 
who loves his country, and wishes to support the unbiassed 
freedom of suffrage, and the welfare and prosperity of the 
United States. Some time after, a man who goes by the 
name of Dr. Cumming, stood up and said that it had been 
reported that he was the person who had brought forward 
the accusation or prosecution, at the instigation of a Clark- 
son Crolius, but denied the assertion. John O'Neale then 
stood up and demanded the author of the prosecution, when 
lo! Master David Bryson, currier, from the swamp, stood 
up & informed the society that he had instituted the inquiry, 
or rather inquisition, from reports and rumours he had heard 
abroad. The same Master Bryson, Judas like, would wish 
to hide behind the curtain, as long as common shame would 
permit: however, the low, mean, dirty cunning he pursued 
through the whole of the proceedings, must convince every 
worthy citizen that he is rotten at heart, and dangerous in a 
society composed of independent citizens; his character re- 
minds the writer of Milton's poetic expression of — " that he 
would sooner be first man in hell, than the second in 
heaven." John O'Neale then demanded that the witnesses 
against him be produced. 

Mr. Alexander M'Beath — first witness produced — deposed 
— That after the first meeting had broken up (say the 5th 
of January) that he was going the same way, or in company 
with John O'Neale, that he had heard him say that he had 



3 1 - 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



voted for the federal assistant only, and that he, the said 
John O'Neale, had said that he would not give that society, 
or any other society, or any person, the satisfaction to know 
how he had voted, that he was a freeman, esteemed the 
elective franchise, and despised the society or person that 
should question it — or words to that purport. 

Second witness was Mr. Archibald Ball (who was likewise 
in company) — deposed — That he had not heard John O'Neale 
say, that he had voted for the federal assistant only, or words 
to that purport, but that the said John O'Neale had said 
that he had voted as he thought proper, nor would he give 
any one the satisfaction to tell how he had voted, that he 
loved the elective franchise too much to see its rights debased 
by such villanous conduct. 

Mr. J. Craige was the third witness called, whose testi- 
mony corroborated Mr. A. Ball's evidence. John O'Neale 
was then called for his defence — who seemed to smile at 
their proceedings — but as Mr. Matthew Byrne was in the 
room, and was in his company the whole of the time, called 
on him. 

Matthew Byrne — first witness on the part of the defend- 
ant — who declared that he had not heard John O'Neale say 
a word about the federal assistant, but corroborated Mr. A. 
Ball's evidence. Mr. D. H. Doyle, who likewise went 
home in company with said O'Neale, will corroborate Mr. 
Matthew Byrne's evidence. 

Note. John O'Neale believes Mr. Alexander M'Beath 
understood him so, he is in his opinion an honest, upright, 
good citizen, that he acted from principle and belief (not 
like some of his accusers) from vindictive motives and pri- 
vate quarrels on the presidential question, too cowardly to 
attack him in the day, but not too base to assasinate him at 
midnight's hour and that any difference in opinion, respect- 
ing the expression, was from a misconception of the words, 
but not from the wickedness of the heart. Well would it be, 
were all men governed by such principles. 

Mr. Thomas Foot, builder — fourth witness — deposed — 
That he did not live in the sixth ward, but that it was no- 
toriously known, that the said John O'Neale was guilty of 
having voted for the federalists, and that such was the gen- 
eral opinion of his friends in that ward. John O'Neale an- 
swered and said that he presumed that he, the said Thomas 
Foot, was notoriously known to be an honest man, and that 
he, the said John O'Neale, was notoriously known to be a 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 



313 



great rogue. In justice to Mr. Thomas Foot it must be 
mentioned, that he observed shortly after to the said John 
O'Neale, that he had meant no such allusion, and that he al- 
ways esteemed him to be a man of an upright and good 
character, and hoped that the said O'Neale would take it as 
such. 

Fifth witness — for the prosecution — a person commonly 
called General Boyd, who began by telling a round-about 
long-about, in-and-out tuff yarn, without either beginning 
or end, top or bottom, but that he had heard such a thing 
here, there, elsewhere, and no where. — All soap suds — 
as the old General had a personal altercation with the 
said John O'Neale at Martling's, respecting the presidential 
question, &c. where O'Neale told him, the said General Boyd, 
that the late Governor Clinton, now Vice President of the 
United States was able, and did with honor to himself and 
country, command the army of the State of New York, when 
the said General Boyd was not capable to drive a wagon, or 
the said John O'Neale scarcely able to shoulder a musket. 
(D) So much for the fifth witness — the Inquisitors, disap- 
pointed in all their plans, formed a new committee of accusa- 
tion, to consist of five. The committee to consist of, 1st. 
Walter Morton, secretary, fireman; 2d. Morrison, of the 
house of Morrison & Nixon, William Street, who does not 
love fire, tho' his eyes, through disappointment in many 
instances, evinced it, while the body and limbs trembled, 
it is presumed, through disappointment (E). 3d. Major 
M'Clure, who was, it is understood, affronted for meddling 
and interfering at the sixth ward poll. The green major had 
been painted on a ticket — device, " a constable's berth too 
good for a green major." 4th. A Mr. John J. M'Donnell, 
whose actions proved the citizen and gentleman. 5th. (F) 
One Ignatius Redmond, clerk to the house of Stewart & Co., 
near the Coffee House. His conduct, during the trial, corre- 
sponded with that of a secretary to a persecuting inquisition. 
We shall take more notice of this young man hereafter — The 
committee being appointed, and the ordinary business gone 
through, the society adjourned to meet the first Thursday 
in March. 

Thursday, March 2. — The Society met agreeable to ad- 
journment. The ordinary business being gone through, the 
committee resumed the prosecution. Walter Morton, New- 
York Phcenix Company's secretary, foreman, brought for- 
ward another report, signed by the committee of five, that 



3M 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



would disgrace the secretary of a Nero, or the clerk of a 
Marat; he read it fluently; he seemed to have studied it 
well. He frequently expressed himself with that degree of 
acrimony, virulence, and thirst of 'blood, that every citizen 
in the room, (the persecutors only excepted,) must look 
with horror at his pale, trembling, shaking and treacherous 
countenance during the proceeding. The ghastly picture 
of Marat holding the bloody dagger in his hand, while Ro- 
bespierre was declaring that a third of the French nation 
should be destroyed, to satiate the ambition and tyranny of 
the other two-thirds, could not be better represented. — 
Further, that the said Walter Morton, to fill up the cup of 
folly and iniquity, did wantonly, maliciously, and treacher- 
ously accuse the adopted citizens of the sixth ward (the 
Irish) of being a set of shufflers, political jugglers, and 
base intriguers, &c. &c. John O'Neale, feeling indignant 

at the villain's assertion, told him he was a d d Scotch 

scoundrel, (alluding to his base national reflection of the 
sixth ward,) told him that he ought to be kicked out of the 
room — nothing but the society being on particular business 
at the time prevented it; he must remember that he has in- 
sulted the adopted citizens of the sixth ward. The charges, 
reports, and minutes being read, John O'Neale observed, that 
Master Secretary Ignatius Redmond had permitted a pal- 
pable error to creep into his minutes, either through igno- 
rance or design — to wit, that Alex. M'Beath, Mr. Arch. Ball, 
Mr. J. Gregg, and Mr. Mathew Byrne's evidences were 
nearly the same, whereas Mr. Alex. M'Beath asserted, as 
fact, that J. O'Neale had said that he voted for the federal 
assistant alderman only and the only one that was asserted; 
Mr. Archibald Ball, Mr. J. Gregg, Mr. Mathew Byrne had 
not heard him mention the word federal assistant in any 
manner; however the young man's passion must have over- 
ruled his head or his pen — he had to alter the minutes before 
the society. The trial resumed. 

First Witness — Mr. Jacob Peterson, the present collector 
of the sixth ward, and who was John O'Neale's opponent at 
the late charter election, who deposed, that he had frequently 
and currently heard it reported that the said John O'Neale 
had supported the federal candidates at the late charter elec- 
tion ; and further, that he had heard him say that he had and 
did support the same, and that he would sooner vote for the 
Devil than Clarkson Crolius. It is to be presumed that the 
said Jacob must have been in one of his pensive meditating 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 315 

moods at the time. It was not likely that John O'Neale 
would disclose his sentiments (were they even such) to his 
political opponent, or to a man with whom he had a personal 
dispute at said election, respecting Alderman Janeway being 
in the chair. (G) 

Second Witness — Leonard Warner, partner of Mr. 
Roome, the inspector of city repairs, who deposed, that it 
was generally understood by his friends, that John O'Neale 
had supported the federal candidate or candidates at the late 
charter election — that he the said Warner had frequently ob- 
served O'Neale's and Douglass' name on the same tickets — 
that he the said Warner had observed that the .? in Douglass 
was not well made, but was answered by some federal gentle- 
man that there was no danger, for that O'Neale knew how 
to spell the name of Douglass too well to be mistaken; fur- 
ther, that some of the federal gentlemen had made their 
brags to him, that J. O'Neale was supporting them, but that 
the federalists were deceiving him. 

Third Witness was a Patt. M'Carty, who lives at the cor- 
ner of Bayard and Elizabeth-streets, who said that he had 
heard a great deal of talk about the Madistonians and such 
other queer names, but that it was reported, and he believed, 
John O'Neale supported the people called Federalists. The 
simple man, had he not laid bets and lost money about the 
Madistonians, Federolians, and such other queer names, his 
" perecranium " might have been less troubled. The five 
witnesses produced on the 26. February were separately re- 
examined and corroborated their former testimony. The 
evidence closed after a great deal of confusion, and pulling 
from one side of the room to the other, when Boss or John 
M'Kinley,(H) alias the Cowskin President took a very con- 
spicuous part. The Society divided on the question, whether 
the next meeting should be on the first Thursday in April, 
or the 9th of March : 

March 9th 20 votes 

April 19 votes 

The Society adjourned to meet the 9th of March. 

Thursday Evening, the 9th of March, an extra meeting of 
the society was held agreeable to adjournment, when after 
the President and Vice President had taken their seats, and 
silence restored, Secretary Redmond having read the minutes 
of the last meeting, John O'Neale demanded that the charge 



316 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



and the two reports of the celebrated committee, be likewise 
road, which motion, though strongly supported by John 
O'Neale's friends, much time and altercation took place be- 
fore the chairman could be prevailed to put the question; 
however, at length through fear or shame, he had to put the 
question; the charges and both reports being read, John 
O'Neale then demanded, which was likewise seconded, a copy 
of both said reports, which, though frequently demanded, 
and strenuously urged for, President Swanton (I) always 
found means to waive the question, so partial was President 
Swanton's conduct on the occasion — from such judges good 
Lord deliver every free and independent citizen of the United 
States. Mr. Morrison stood up three or four times to sup- 
port the charges of his famous colleagues, but was always 
answered by some of John O'Neale's friends, though not 
with the same liberty from the chair. Master Bryson and 
Master Ignatius Redmond threw out all the low, mean, and 
scurrilous insinuations they were capable of doing. Master 
Bryson in particular supported the infamous doctrine, that 
the society must support the whole proceeding of the com- 
mittee of five, through thick and thin, otherwise the society 
must fall; in which he was ably supported by the president, 
alias counsel for the prosecution, and vice president M'Kin- 
ley, alias president Cowskin elect. 

The worthy members of the society whom O'Neale is happy 
to perceive were the most numerous and the most respect- 
able, feeling indignant at such unconstitutional and disgrace- 
ful conduct, demanded that the president should put the 
question (with an intent to close the infamous inquisition 
or persecution) that said John O'Neale should be immedi- 
ately expelled or considered a member (but though fre- 
quently put, was as frequently evaded by the chair;) the 
prosecutors then moved that John O'Neale have leave to 
withdraw, and be repaid what money he had paid, which 
question was immediately put by the chairman, and carried ; 
however, the friends of O'Neale insisted and asserted that 
he was a man of too much honor to receive it, nor would he 
leave the society, and that he had instructed them [O'Neale, 
on leaving the room, had instructed Mr. L. Powers, Mr. D. 
H. Doyle, Mr. J. Lyons, Mr. Mathew Byrne, and others, 
to move his expulsion from the said society, for he would not 
gratify them, and disdained the wretch that would wish to 
insinuate so base an action as for him to withdraw on such 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 317 

a question] that as soon as he, the said O'Neale had left the 
room, Mr. D. H. Doyle made the motion, that John O'Neale 
be either expelled the said society, or considered a member 
as usual : but alas ! though supported by numbers, and num- 
bers calling for the question, the great counsellor could not 
be prevailed to put the question — confusion, uproar and dis- 
grace were the order of the night — the inquisitors finding 
that their infamous, diabolical and unconstitutional plans 
would not be swallowed by the good and respectable part of 
the society — grinned, trembled, and grew pale — one of them 
however, had the courage to move for an adjournment — so 
ended the inquisitorial proceedings of the supreme commit- 
tee, on the unjustness of the right of suffrage. 

To the People of the United States, and the State of New 
York in particular. 

The writer of these remarks is certain that — 
JOHN O'NEALE knows and believes it is a duty he owes 
himself and his country (for he loves his rights, but still 
more his country's rights) to expose to public view, the 
wretch or wretches who would wish, from low, base, and 
cowardly subterfuge, to destroy the independent liberty and 
free suffrage of the good citizens of the United States of 
America, and has, therefore, in behalf of an injured person, 
undertaken to expose such base and ungenerous conduct. 
If a stop is not put to the proceedings of such characters, 
the liberty you now enjoy, the liberty that your forefathers 
and some of you fought and bled for, would soon vanish: 
yes, citizens, that such characters should have an asylum 
in the bosom of our country, and turn traitors to its laws and 
rights, is to be regretted: but, citizens, it is your duty to 
mark them well, they have showed themselves enemies to 
your independence, by their proving themselves enemies 
to the freedom of elective franchise. 

Under are the names of the persecutors, of course enemies 
of the elective franchise. 



George Cumming, 
Walter Morton, 



David Bryson, 
vvculci .Lvj-uiu-m, -l ^i^ul 1 (3j iar ] es Harford, 

mg Com-^ Major M < clm . v 

Ignatius Redmond. 



Persecut- 

ng Cor 

mittee. 



John Morrison, 
John M'Kinley, 

AS a member of the Hibernian Provident Society, and 
one who has espoused the cause of John O'Neale, through 



V 



31S EARLY CELEBRATIONS 

the whole of his trial, to which I have paid the strictest at- 
tention, I thought it a duty I owed the public, the great body 
of the society, and myself, to lay the particulars before the 
community, in order to convince my fellow citizens, how 
far the friends of O'Neale were justifiable in endeavouring 
to espouse his injured character. 

WILLIAM MURPHY. 
New- York, March 29, 1809. 

Notes. 

(A.) 

Nr.* dimming (if he may be so called) should not so soon 
forget how he obtained his certificate as a practitioner of 
physic, and what Mr. Nelson told him on the passage (allud- 
ing to the names of the several drugs) — his ghastly looks 
would have frightened a fool. 

(B.) 

In justice to Mr. M'Kittrick — he took no part in the in- 
famous proceedings — it is said he despised the conduct of 
the inquisition. 

(C.) 

D. H. Doyle never acted with the said committee. 

(D.) 

It was shrewdly observed that had General Boyd been 
appointed port surveyor, he would not have troubled himself 
about John O'Neale. 

(E.) 

Major M'Clure must recollect, that if he attempts again to 
play the rogue's march at a citizen's door, that he must ex- 
pect different treatment from the last. The major has since 
been appointed an auctioneer for the city. 

(F.) 

Ignatius Redmond, who has a brother or some near rela- 
tion in the Nuisance office, acted with that degree of passion, 
low malice and spite, in endeavoring to support the supreme 
and uncontrolled power of the persecuting committee, that 
must forever disgrace him in the eyes of every good citizen. 
Such characters disgrace a free country. Further, John 

* This was probably intended for " Dr." 



OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 319 

O'Neale called on Ignatius Redmond for a copy of the 
famous reports of Walter Morton ; at first Mr. Ignatius Red- 
mond promised to give them, when in presence of James 
Lyons, said O'Neale called the next day, he was told that 
Mr. Swanton thought it not proper to furnish them — so 
much for rights. 

(G.) 

Jacob Peterson has since declared, that though he opposed 
John O'Neale at the late election, O'Neale had a right to 
do as he thought proper, but that his accusers in the society 
were a set of great tyrants, and should be very sorry to have 
any thing to do with them. 

(H.) 

J. M'Kinley it is presumed is termed boss, from the French 
word bossu, alluding to an ignorant man carrying a load 
on his back, and from want of judgment, not knowing how 
to fix it, so as to prevent it from injuring the back, or rais- 
ing a white swelling. The Dutch explanation must be more 
agreeable to his vanity than the French. Some people may 
be surprised that the Society's business should be mentioned : 
but the society, at the request of their officers, &c. permitted 
persons, not members, to come and give evidence against 
a member. To see boss M'Kinley, then vice president, 
squaring his mallet at James Lyons, must have astonished 
the strangers as much as Punch in the puppet-show would 
amuse a set of children. 

(I.) 

Robert Swanton's conduct on this night, and during the 
whole of the trial, appeared so partial that Mr. James Lyons, 
one of John O'Neale's friends, asked him whether he was 
counsel for the prosecution, or president of the society. 
John O'Neale observed to the said Swanton, perceiving him 
to take great strides in his official capacity, occasioned either 
through anger or disappointment — that he should take care, 
for that he was breaking through the society's charter — but 
was answered, Bashaw like, that he, the said Swanton, did 
not care about the charter, or how soon it was broke. — Mush- 
rooms and great men start up very quick sometimes. 

The President further observed that they had a case some- 
what similar to this, some years ago, but not quite so flagrant. 
Dr. R. who then belonged to the society, was charged with 
similar errors, though not quite so heinous (they had the im- 



3 20 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 

pudence and ignorance to put the question for his expulsion, 
but it was not carried :) the president further observed, that 
the said Dr. R. gave the society no further trouble by his 
presence; but the president was answered by O'Neale, who 
said that what Dr. R. or Dr. W. did, was no criterion for 
him to go by, that he was a soldier, and a man that would 
assert his rights, that he was a citizen of the United States, 
and would make them know how they interfered or arrogated 
to themselves, any power over him. 

Additional Notes. 

A Charles Harford, a stripling lately from Washington, 
seemed to snap & bite at the word federalist : he only showed 
his teeth, but could not bite : poor young noodle, it would be 
more becoming him to mind his employer's accounts (it is 
understood he is a clerk in some office) than endeavour to 
destroy an old republican of his right of suffrage. Puppies 
must be chastised. 

As to Morton, O'Neale had a personal altercation with 
him at Martlings, on the general committee and on the presi- 
dential question; it is presumed, from the reception he re- 
ceived from O'Neale on said occasion, that it was expected 
he would be fully gratified in the society — so much for 
honour. 



CHAPTER XXXI. 

The Second War with England — Fifteen Hundred Irish Residents of 
New York City Volunteer for Work on the Defences — A Day Specially 
Assigned Them — They Form in Two Divisions and Embark for Brooklyn 
— An Inspiring Scene at Fort Greene — Fourth of July Observances by New 
York Irish Societies. 

We have seen, in a previous chapter, how the Irish resi- 
dents of Providence, R. I., during the war of 1812-14, volun- 
teered to assist in the work of fortifying. A like move- 
ment took place in New York. We learn from " The 
Shamrock " of Aug. 20, 1814, that 



" The offers of personal services continue, with unabated 
patriotism, to be tendered towards completing the works 
for defence in this city. If the example of unanimity, evinced 
by the citizens of New- York, will become general through- 
out the United States, we will have peace, an honourable 
peace, and that, soon. It is the division of the citizens that 
the enemy calculates on for success ; against a united people, 
he knows he cannot prevail : a strong pull, a long pull, and a 
pull altogether. Be this the maxim; peace, honour, and 
liberty, the reward. 

" This day being assigned for receiving the services of 

" The Patriotic Sons Of Erin, 

And their numbers being reported at about 1500, the whole 
ground was assigned to them. At 5 o'clock this morning; 
the whole body marched by wards, under their respective 
officers, to the park, from whence, being formed into com- 
panies of 50 each, they marched in two great divisions. One 



322 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



embarked at Beekman slip; the other at Catherine slip and 
united at Brooklyn. They then proceeded to Fort Green, 
where their posts were assigned them by the chief engineer 
in compliance with a letter addressed to him by the commit- 
tee of defence, which we regret the unoccupied portion of our 
paper will not permit us to copy at present. 

" Their appearance was animated and orderly. Two 
bands enlivened the scene, one of which was sent by Col. 
Deniston who with several of his officers, joined in the ranks 
of their countrymen. 

" A great display of colours enlivened the scene : amongst 
the moving standards, that of Erin poor Erin, was not forgot. 
In the front of the procession waved a motto : 

" ' We sought a country, we found one, we will defend it.' 

" In the centre, surrounded by a group of American 
colours was the Harp; at the close, a large silken standard 
bearing a portrait of the late George Clinton, the trusty 
soldier of America, the cordial friend of Irishmen. Each 
grand division of about ioo men had a standard two of which 
bore the names of Washington and Montgomery. The sons 
of Erin [were] cheered by the citizens as they passed through 
the streets of New York and Brooklyn. The Rev. Mr. Cook, 
chaplain in the navy, accompanied the procession, carrying 
a flag, with the motto, ' For God and our Country.' ' 

In 
ing item appears : 



ag, with the motto, ' For God and our Country.' " 

n " The Shamrock," Sept. 3, 1814, the following interest- 
item appears : 



The Daughters of Erin Emulating Her Sons. 

During the time, while 1500 of the sons of Erin were lately 
working at the forts erecting for the defence of this city, 
some women were observed busily employed in laying sods 
and driving pickets. One of them being asked, " What 
brought you here?" she replied: "to assist in serving our 
country. I am the wife of Bernard Kennedy. I glory and 
boast of my employment." We are happy to be thus able 
to designate one of these patriotic females; believing, as we 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



323 



do, that the flame which warms her breast, burns also in that 
of a great majority of her country-women. 



A Fourth of July celebration in New York, in 180 1, is thus 
referred to by the " Daily Gazette," July 7 : "At a very 
numerous and respectable Assemblage of impartial Patriots, 
who, on Saturday last, celebrated the anniversary of Ameri- 
can Independence, at Esquire Hardenbrook's, the following 
spirited sentiments were given, echoed and re-echoed with 
thundering applause ! ! ! " Then follows the list of toasts, 
the seventh being : " The Sons of St. Patrick — May no 
future emigration of these generous patriots, be sacrificed 
to the cruelty of a Captain, or the avarice of a merchant — 
[Music—' Paddy Whack.'] " 

Various Irish societies in New York city observed the 
Fourth of July, at an early period, by participating in pa- 
rades and other celebrations. In the parade on July 4, 1804, 
the Hibernian Provident Society was third in the line and 
doubtless presented a fine appearance. On July 4, 1806, the 
Society was seventh in line. In the Fourth of July parade, 
1808, the Hibernian Society was sixth in line. In the 
parade, July 4, 1810, the same organization was fourth in 
line. Among the ceremonies after the parade was an ora- 
tion by Dr. Cumming of the Society. 

After the parade, in 18 10, the Hibernian Provident So- 
ciety dined at the Union Hotel, 68 William street, New 
York. We find the following account of the event in the 
" Public Advertiser," July 7, 1810: 

" Having joined their fellow citizens of the different so- 
cieties in the Park, one of the most brilliant and numerous 
processions ever witnessed in this city was formed, and hav- 
ing performed the duties of the day, agreeable to arrange- 
ment, the society returned to the Union Hotel, where an 
excellent dinner was prepared for the occasion and altho' it 
might be expected that men who suffered in the struggle 
(tho' unsuccessful) to emancipate the country of their 
birth, from the same ferocious tyrant from which this has 



324 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



been freed, might sigh in secret for its failure, and their 
brethren and friends still obliged to submit to the galling 
yoke of slavery, yet all these feelings seemed to be lost in the 
pleasing return of the happy day which gave birth to our 
country, and to Liberty a resting place far from the tumults 
of war and carnage. The cloth being removed, the * * * 
toasts were drank, interspersed with original and patriotic 
songs, during which were received and reciprocated depu- 
tations from the Tammany and Columbian societies." 

The " Republican Greens " was a prominent military 
corps in New York. The " Public Advertiser " has this 
notice concerning it, under date of July 5, 1808: 

National Independence 

Yesterday being the anniversary of American independ- 
ence, " The first battalion of Republican Green riflemen," 
commanded by Major M'Clure, after performing their mili- 
tary duties, dined at the Union Hotel, and spent the day 
with that mirth and good humour which should ever be the 
characteristic of republican soldiers. The following toasts 
were drank on this occasion, interspersed with appropriate 
songs and martial music by their excellent volunteer band. 
(Here follow 17 regular toasts together with volunteers.) 

The " Greens " had a similar celebration the next year, as 
thus told in the "Public Advertiser" July 6, 1809:* 

Republican Greens 

Tuesday being the anniversary of American Independence, 
" The First Battalion of Republican Green Riflemen " com- 
manded by Maj. M'Clure, after performing their military 
duties, dined at the Union Hotel, and spent the day with that 
mirth and good humour which should ever be the character- 
istic of republican soldiers. The following toasts were drank 
on the occasion with appropriate songs and martial music by 
their admirable volunteer band." [Then follow the toasts.] 

* The wording of the report, it will be seen, is nearly the same as that for 
1808. 



10F ST PATRICK'S DAY 325 

In the Fourth of July parade, 1812, the Hibernian Provi- 
dent Society was the third organization in line. The same 
day the Society held a grand dinner in honor of the Anni- 
versary. At the Fourth of July celebration in 18 13, the 
Hibernian Society was again third in the procession. In the 
parade July 4, 18 14, the Society was second, the Tammany 
Society being first. 

At a celebration by the Tammany Society, July 4, 1809, 
among the volunteer toasts was the following by the Grand 
Sachem : 

" Hibernian Provident Society. — A rock which waves of 
faction can never shake; pure in its principles, patriotic in 
its design, and benevolent in its operations — we tender to 
them the right hand of brotherhood." — (3 cheers. Music.) 

From " The Public Advertiser," (N. Y.), Saturday, 1 July, 
1809: 

Hibernian Provident Society. 

The Hibernian Provident Society will dine at the Union 
Hotel, No. 68 William st. on the Fourth [of] July next. 
Each member will be at liberty to introduce one or two re- 
publican friends on the occasion. Tickets to be had at the 
bar, or at Mr. John Morrison's, No. 162 Pearl street. 

An extra meeting of the Society will be held on Monday 
evening next, at 8 o'clock precisely, for the purpose of com- 
pleting the arrangements for the celebration of the 4th July. 
By order of the President. 

G. Charles Herford, 

Secretary. 

From " The Public Advertiser," Saturday, 8 July, 1809: 

Celebration of the Fourth of July. 
Hibernian Provident Society 
After performing the duties of the day, returned to the 
Union Hotel, No. 68 William Street, where an excellent din- 
ner was prepared by citizen James M'Keon. When the cloth 
was removed, the following toasts were drank interspersed 



326 



EARLY CELEBRATIONS 



with social and patriotic songs. (Here follow 17 regular 
toasts together with volunteers.) 

On July 6, 181 1, a communication in the " Public Adver- 
tiser " states that " The thirty-fifth anniversary of the inde- 
pendence of our country, was celebrated yesterday with an 
encreased spirit of enthusiasm. On this occasion the Re- 
publican Greens, under the command of Major M'Clure, bore 
a conspicuous part. After performing their military duties, 
they partook of a dinner, and drank the following toasts, 
accompanied by music, and some excellent songs." (Then 
follow the toasts.) 

From " The Public Advertiser," Monday, 1 July, 181 1 : 

Hibernian Provident 
Society. 

An extra meeting of the Society will be held at the Union 
Hotel (68 William street) at half past 7 o'clock this evening 
for the purpose of making arrangements preparatory to the 
celebration of the 4th. of July Inst, and to hear the report 
of their committee. Punctual attendance is requested. 

From " The Columbian," Saturday, 2 July, 1814: 

Hibernian Provident Society. 

The members will meet at half past eight, on Monday 
morning, at Sagar's, corner of Nassau and George streets, 
to join the patriotic citizens who venerate the day. " Amer- 
ica, sole exception in the Christian world," — possessing and 
preserving independence — " 'tis therefore that We rejoice." 
By order. 

David Bryson, Secretary. 

In the New York parade, July 4, 181 5, the Hibernian So- 
ciety was again second in the line. A notice in " The Colum- 
bian " (N. Y.), July 1, 1816, reads as follows: 



OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 



3 2 7 



Hibernian Provident Society. 

An Extra Meeting will be held on Tuesday Evening, 2d 
July, to complete their arrangements for Celebrating the 
approaching National Anniversary. 

The Society will again meet on Thursday morning, 4th 
July at 10 o'clock. The members will then introduce their 
republican friends, particularly those who have recently ar- 
rived, and who wish to join in celebrating the day. 

David Bryson, Sec'ry. 

The Hibernian Society, just mentioned, also took part in 
the Fourth of July parades in 181 7, 181 8, 18 19, 1820, and 
in other years. Indeed, it seems to have been an annual 
event for the organization to turn out on this occasion. In 
the procession July 4, 1820, the Shamrock Friendly Associa- 
tion is also mentioned as being in line. 

In 18 1 8, the remains of Gen. Richard Montgomery were 
removed from Quebec to New York and reinterred in the 
latter city. The event was the occasion of a great proces- 
sion in New York, the Hibernian and Shamrock organiza- 
tions both taking part. Mention of the Hibernian Society 
is also found in connection with the Fourth of July parades 
in 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826 and 1827. For several years it was 
second in line, the Tammany Society being first. In the 
procession, July 4, 1825, however, the Hibernian Society was 
the first in line. It was likewise first on July 4, 1827. 

The following notice, concerning the Shamrock Friendly 
Association, appears in " The Columbian " (N. Y.), July 1, 
1820: 

" A Meeting of the Shamrock Friendly Association will be 
held at Mr. James Connolly's tavern, corner of Nassau and 
Beekman-sts. This Evening, at 8 o'clock, to receive the re- 
port of the commitee of arrangement for the Celebration of 
the Anniversary of Independence, and to transact other busi- 
ness. Tickets of admission to hear the oration, &c. on the 
4th inst. will be delivered to such members as will attend the 
meeting." 



328 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 

From the New York " Gazette," July 4, 1831, we learn 
that " In the parade of July 4, 1831, the Erin Fraternal Asso- 
ciation of Brooklyn marched sixth and the Hibernian 
Universal Benevolent Society seventh. After the parade, 
during the services held by the paraders at the Paraclete 
Church, Dr. P. Shannon of the Hibernian Society delivered 
an oration." It is quite probable that the Erin Fraternal 
Association had an annual celebration of St. Patrick's Day. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE. 

SKETCHES OF MORE THAN 550 PEOPLE, OF WHOM 
MENTION IS MADE IN THIS WORK. 

The following biographical sketches relate to persons men- 
tioned in these pages. Some of these names were borne by- 
members of the societies herein referred to; others, were those 
of guests, while still others were mentioned in toasts at cele- 
brations under the auspices of the various organizations. In 
preparing these sketches, no attempt has been made at minute 
detail. A few salient points only are given, but they are 
deemed sufficient for the purpose. A great majority of the 
people here mentioned were of Irish birth or extraction. Some 
few, however, were not. 

Adams, John, an Irishman who became prominent as a dry- 
goods merchant in New York; was president of the Fulton 
bank ; married a daughter of John Glover, of New York. In 
1845-6 Adams was estimated to be worth $300,000. In 1835 
John Adams, doubtless the one here described, was a mem- 
ber of the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 

Adams,, John S., a member of the Hibernian Society, Charles- 
ton, S. C, 1799; vice-president of the same. 

Adams, Samuel (Toast to) ; patriot of the American Revolu- 
tion ; born in Boston, Mass., 1722 ; died there, 1803 ; opposed 
the Stamp Act ; matured a plan for a Continental Congress, 
and was an active member of that congress ; signer of the 
Declaration of Independence; governor of Massachusetts, 
1794-97. 

Adrain, Robert, an Irishman who became distinguished as a 
scientist and educator. He was born at Carrickfergus, 1775. 



33° 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



He became a member of the Society of United Irishmen and 
participated in the revolt of 1798. During this patriotic out- 
break he commanded a company in the Irish forces and was 
wounded. The British government offered a reward for his 
capture. He escaped, however, and made his way to the 
United States. He reached New York during the yellow fever 
epidemic. Later, he taught in an academy at Princeton, N. J. ; 
became principal of York County Academy, Pa. ; had charge 
of an academy in Reading, Pa. ; was professor of mathematics 
and natural philosophy in Rutgers College ; became professor 
of the same branches in Columbia College, New York, and 
was, at one period, Vice-Provost of the University of Penn- 
sylvania. His son, Garnett R., was elected to Congress from 
New Jersey in 1856 and reelected in 1858. 

Alderchurch, Edward, a founder, 1737, of the Charitable Irish 
Society, Boston, Mass. 

Alexander, Joseph, secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, 1827. J. Alexander, the secretary in 1828, 
was probably the same individual. 

All, Isaac, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia ; 
captain of a merchantman which belonged to Mease & Cald- 
well. He became a member of the Friendly Sons, just men- 
tioned, in 1781. 

Allen, Edward, one of the founders of the Charitable Irish 
Society, Boston, Mass., March 17, 1737. 

Alley, Saul, was of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, as early as 1835. In 1845-6, he was estimated to be 
Worth $250,000. When a boy he was apprenticed to a coach- 
maker and, later, became a " journeyman mechanic." He 
came to New York city and engaged in the commission busi- 
ness, handling cotton and domestic goods. He had influential 
friends in Charleston, S. C, who gave him credit and patron- 
ized his business. Among these was Mordecai Cohen, a 
wealthy Jewish gentleman. Alley is described, in 1845-6, as 
having " retired several years ago." 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 33 r 

Angell, Israel (Mention of) ; a gallant soldier of the Revo- 
lution; born, 1741 ; died at Smithfield, R. I., 1832. He was 
major in Hitchcock's regiment at the siege of Boston; was 
promoted to colonel, Jan. 18, 1777; commanded the First 
Rhode Island regiment (Continentals) during the rest of the 
war. In his diary, " 17 March 1781," he says — writing of 
West Point: "A great parade this day with the Irish," it 
being St. Patrick's, " I spent the day on the Point and tarried 
with the officers." 

Armstrong, Gen., a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, in 1786. This was possibly Gen. John Arm- 
strong, who was born at Carlisle, Pa., 1758, and died at Red 
Hook, N. Y., 1843. He was an aide-de-camp to Mercer and 
was later on the staff of Gates ; wrote the Newburgh Addresses 
of which so much has been said. He became secretary of State 
of Pennsylvania and likewise Adjutant-General of the State; 
wedded a sister of Chancellor Livingston, and removed to 
New York; U. S. Senator 1801 to 1804; U. S. Minister to 
France; was made Brigadier-General in 1812; became Secre- 
tary of War in 1813. Gen. John Armstrong had a brother, 
Gen. James Armstrong, who may possibly have been the 
" Gen. Armstrong " who was a guest in 1786. Gen. James 
Armstrong was born about 1740 and took part in the Indian 
wars on the Pennsylvania border. He was a patriot of the 
Revolution and became a brigadier-general; was elected to 
Congress ; died at Carlisle, Pa., 1795. 

Arnold, Dr. William, a member, in 1835, of the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, New York. He is mentioned as a dentist 
at 24 Vesey st., that city. 

Arnold, William, secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, 1839-1840. He was probably the Dr. Wil- 
liam Arnold just mentioned. 

Auchmuty, Robert, president of the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, Mass., 1767, 1768 and 1769. Numerous sketches of 
Auchmuty, published from time to time, describe him as 
" Scotch." On one side, at least, he must have been of Irish 



332 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

extraction, in order to have been elected president of the or- 
ganization mentioned. His son, Robert, was also a member 
of the Charitable Irish Society. Both father and son were 
able lawyers. 

Austin, Joseph, admitted to membership in the Boston 
Charitable Irish Society, 1739. 

Bache, Richard, an honorary member of the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; was also a member of the Hi- 
bernian Society, that city; born in England, 1737; died in 181 1 ; 
at one period was in partnership with John Shee, of Phila- 
delphia; member of the Pennsylvania board of war; inspector 
of flour and meat for the patriot army; postmaster-general 
of the United States. 

Bailie, William, member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York, as early as 1805, and perhaps earlier. There was 
a merchant of the name at 81 Water St., New York. 

Balfour, Miss, referred to as " Erin's patriotic child." A 
toast in her honor was offered in New York city, March 18, 
181 1, at a banquet of the Juvenile Sons of Erin, in which toast 
was expressed the hope that : " May her harp still continue 
its pleasing vibrations ; and when she takes her last slumber, 
may the green turf over her breast vegetate the shamrock and 
white daisy; the one emblematic of her country, the other re- 
sembling her own pure soul." 

Ball, John, became a member of the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, in 1749; was secretary of the same for a period of 
seventeen years or over. 

Barclay, John, an early member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa., and of the Hibernian Society of that 
city; he was also a member of the Hibernia Fire Company, 
born in Ballyshannon, County Donegal, Ireland; came to 
America a short time prior to 1779; was a shipping merchant, 
and became president of the Bank of Pennsylvania ; Mayor of 
Philadelphia, 1791 ; member of the State Senate, 1810-14. He 
died, 1816. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 333 

Barclay, Thomas, born in Ireland ; became " a man of great 
influence and respectability " ; was president of the Friendly- 
Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa., 1779-81 ; was appointed 
U. S. Consul to the Barbary powers. 

Barclay, William, of the Friendly Sons of St Patrick, Phila- 
delphia, Pa. ; a brother of Thomas Barclay, who was also a 
member of the organization ; William was born in Ireland ; 
became a merchant in Philadelphia; sailed for France on the 
" Shillelah," 1782, and was lost at sea. 

Barlow, Joel (Toast to) ; a native of Reading, Ct. ; born, 1775 ; 
died near Cracow, Poland, 1812; Congregational minister; 
chaplain in the patriot army, 1778 to 1783; wrote patriotic 
songs for the soldiers. After the war he settled at Hartford, 
Ct., studied law and was admitted to the bar; became a citizen 
of France; was U. S. Consul at Algiers, 1795-7. He came back 
to the United States in 1805 and erected a residence near 
Washington, D. C. ; was appointed minister plenipotentiary 
to France by President Madison. While on his way to take 
part in a conference with Napoleon Bonaparte, at Wilna, he 
died. 

Barnewell, George, this name may possibly have been 
Barnewall. George was of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York, in 1793. In a New York directory for 1801 a 
George Barnewall is mentioned as a merchant at 21 Wall st. 

Barry, John, a distinguished naval officer ; born in the County 
Wexford, Ireland, 1745; died in Philadelphia, Pa., 1803; was a 
member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city, of the 
Hibernian Society, Philadelphia, and of the Society of the Cin- 
cinnati. In 1776, Congress appointed him to the command of. 
the cruiser " Lexington " with which he captured the British 
armed vessel " Edward," after a spirited action. The " Ed- 
ward " was the first vessel of war to be taken by a commissioned 
officer of the American navy. In 1778 he was assigned to com- 
mand the frigate " Effingham," and subsequently commanded 
the frigate "Raleigh," 32 guns. In 1781, he was given com- 
mand of the " Alliance," of 36 guns, and on May 29, that year, 



334 



BIOGRAPHICAL KEIERENCE 



after a battle lasting almost an entire day, he captured two 
British vessels, — the " Atalanta " and the " Trepassy." He also 
participated in many other stirring events, and in 1794 was 
designated as senior captain of the U. S. Navy. He had charge 
of the construction of the frigate " United States " and was 
assigned to command her. It is stated that while Barry was 
in command of the " Effingham," Lord Howe tried to bribe 
him to deliver the ship to the British, but the offer was rejected 
with scorn. 

Barry, M. O., secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York, 1841, 1842. 

Bayard, Samuel, a member of the Hibernian Society, Phila- 
delphia; born in that city, 1761; died there, 1832; a son of Col. 
John Bayard of the Revolution; was a merchant and importer; 
president of the Commercial Bank, Philadelphia. 

Bayley, William, was announced to deliver an oration at 
Military Hall, 11 Spruce St., New York, on March 17, 1824. 
A William Bailie was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, in 1805, and a William Bailey in 1812. See 
Bailie. 

Beane, John, admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish So- 
ciety in 1772; was secretary of the same from 1796 to 1821. 

Belknap, Jeremy, clergyman and historian. He is men- 
tioned herein in connection with a St. Patrick's Day observance 
by the Boston Charitable Irish Society in 1795, on which occa- 
sion he was a guest of the Society. He was born in Boston, 
1744, and died there in 1798; graduated at Harvard in 1762; 
was pastor of the Federal street church, Boston, at the time 
of his death; founded the Massachusetts Historical Society; 
an overseer of Harvard University; patriot of the Revolution; 
opponent of slavery. 

Bell, Shubael, a prominent member of the Charitable Irish 
Society, Boston, Mass. He was corresponding secretary in 
1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808 and 1809. He appears as treas- 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 335 

urer of the Society in 1813, 1814 and 181 5. He was president 
of the organization in 1816, 1817 and 1819. 

Bibby, Thomas, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, as early as 1784; was a councillor of the 
Society in 1790 and 1791. 

Bigelow, John P., secretary of state of Massachusetts ; was 
a guest of the Charitable Irish Society, Boston, at its centennial 
celebration, March 17, 1837. 

Birney, Charles H., secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, 1843-1844, 1849-1850, 1851-1852, 1853. 

Black, Moses, admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish So- 
ciety in 1784; was president of the same, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, 
1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799 and 1800. Was treasurer of the 
organization in 1801. 

Blaine, Col. Ephraim, a son of Irish parents ; one of a family 
of nine children. Ephraim was sheriff of Cumberland Co., Pa., 
1771-4; was a sincere patriot; assisted in raising a regiment of 
Associators, and was made Lieutenant-Colonel; became Com- 
missary-General of Purchases early in 1778, and held the posi- 
tion for three years, during which time millions of dollars were 
handled by him with strict probity; joined the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, in 1780. President Washington 
was a guest at his house in 1794. Mr. Blaine was twice mar- 
ried. The late Hon. James G. Blaine, of Maine, was a des- 
cendant of his by the first marriage. 

Blake, Valentine, as early as 1805 he was of the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, New York. "V. Blake, merchant, 75 
Broad st.," is heard from in New York in 1801. 

Blood, Harris, secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York, 1821-1824. 

Bohan, John, secretary of the Shamrock Friendly Associa- 
tion, New York, 1820. 



336 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Bolivar (Toast to). Simon Bolivar was a Venezuelan 
general and statesman; born, 1783; died, 1830; participated in 
extensive military operations ; was styled " Liberator " ; at 
one period was Dictator of Peru. 

Bond, Oliver (Toast to); an Irish patriot; was arrested 
March 12, 1798, at the instigation of the British government. 
On the same day were arrested Thomas Addis Emmet, Dr. 
Macneven and other prominent members of the Society of 
United Irishmen. 

Boudinot, Elias, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, in 1783. He was of Huguenot extraction; born 
in Philadelphia, 1740; died at Burlington, N. J., 1821; lawyer; 
was made Commissary-General of Prisoners, by Congress, in 
1777; elected to Congress the same year. In 1782, he became 
President of Congress; superintendent of the U. S. mint; 
trustee of Princeton College. 

Boulton, George, admitted to membership in the Boston 
Charitable Irish Society, 1738. 

Bourke, Thomas, first secretary of the Hibernian Society, 
Savannah, Ga., being elected to the position May 11, 1812. 
He was chosen vice-president of the Society March 17, 1815. 

Bowen, John, a resident of Baltimore, Md., 1795. He is 
mentioned in connection with a St. Patrick's Day celebration 
there that year, he being captain of the Independent Light 
Dragoons. 

Boyd, Adam, one of the founders of the Boston Charitable 
Irish Society, 1737. 

Boyd, Hugh MacAuley (Toast to); born in Ireland, 1746; 
died in Madras, 1791; was educated at Trinity College, Dublin; 
became a political writer of note, and by some is said to have 
been the author of the famous Junius letters. His real sur- 
name is stated to have been MacAuley. 

Boyd, James, president of the Boston Charitable Irish So- 
ciety, 1833, 1836 and 1837. See page 17. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 337 

Boyle, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia, and of the Hibernia Fire Company; born in Ireland; 
engaged in Philadelphia in the linen trade; served with the 
First City Troop, 1776-77. 

Boyle, John, presided at a banquet in Baltimore, Md., March 
17, 1813, at " Mr. Neale Nugent's Tavern." 

Bozzaris, (Markos), Toast to; born about 1788; died, 1823; 
a famous Greek patriot; became a member of the Hetaeria, 
181 3; assisted AH Pasha against the Porte, 1820; was made 
a General in the army of Western Hellas, 1823 ; gallantly de- 
fended Missolonghi, 1822-23 ; was killed in a successful night 
attack on a Turkish force. 

Bradford, Cornelius; in the records of the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, New York, we find that in 1785 the Sons dined 
at " The Coffee House " conducted by Mr. Bradford in Water 
st., near Wall. This was Cornelius Bradford who died Nov. 
9, 1786. An obituary notice at the time read: " Died yester- 
day, much regretted, aged 57 years, of a bilious complaint, 
Mr. Cornelius Bradford, a very worthy and respectable citi- 
zen. During the late struggle for American Liberty, Mr. 
Bradford evinced his attachment to his country. His Coffee 
House, in this city, under his management, was kept with 
great dignity, both before and since the war. He has left a 
disconsolate widow and several children to lament their loss." 

Bradford, M., member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York, as early as 1787. 

Bradish, Wheaton, a vice-president of the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, New York, 183 1. Longworth's " N. Y. Direc- 
tory," etc., 1832-3, mentions Wheaton Bradish as a merchant 
at 43 Fulton st. 

Brady, James T., a member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York; born in that city, 1815; died there, 1869; 
an eminent lawyer; was appointed district-attorney of New 
York in 1843, during temporary absence of M. C. Patterson, 



33 8 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

and later became corporation attorney of New York; was 
earnestly devoted to his profession; never married. In the 
days of the old " Knickerbocker Magazine," contributions from 
his pen frequently appeared in its pages. 

Brian Boromhe, also written Brian Borumha, and Brian 
Boroimhe [Brian Boru], (Toasts to) ; king of Munster and, 
later, monarch of Ireland ; one of the most remarkable rulers 
in history. In 1014, after defeating the Danes in several en- 
gagements elsewhere, he advanced against Dublin, and on 
Good Friday, that year, engaged them in a great battle at 
Clontarf. The forces are estimated to have numbered 20,000 
on each side. After a desperate conflict, the Danish host was 
utterly defeated and left many thousands dead on the field. 
The Danes in Ireland never recovered from this final blow. 
The battle of Clontarf, just mentioned, began about 8 a.m., 
and lasted until 5 p.m. Among the slain were two sons of 
the King of Denmark, and many others of high rank. Many 
gallant Irish officers were also killed. After the battle, the 
brave old Irish monarch, then 88 years of age, was slain in his 
tent by Admiral Brodar of the Danish fleet, at the head of a 
fugitive band of Danes, all of whom were immediately cut 
down. Brian Boru may justly be regarded as one of the 
greatest soldiers of his age. And not only did he excel in 
the arts of war, but in those of peace as well. Crowned 
monarch on the Hill of Tara, he gave a great impetus to edu- 
cation, enacted wise and beneficent laws, encouraged science 
and art, authorized great public works, had new highways 
constructed, bridges built, universities reestablished and in 
many other ways contributed to the welfare of the people. 

Briggs, George N., governor of Massachusetts, 1844 to 
1851; born at Adams, Mass., 1796; died at Pittsfield, Mass., 
185 1. His father served under Stark, at Bennington. Gov- 
ernor Briggs was immediately preceded in the gubernatorial 
chair of the Bay State by Marcus Morton (1843 to x 844), and 
was succeeded by George S. Boutwell (1851 to 1853). Col. 
Henry Shaw Briggs, a son of the Governor, commanded the 
Tenth Massachusetts Volunteers, in the Civil War, and was, 
in 1862, made a brigadier-general. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



339 



Brooks, Miss, referred to as " the elegant translator of an- 
cient Irish poetry." At a banquet in New York city, March 
18, 1811, by the Juvenile Sons of Erin, a toast to her memory 
was offered. 

Broome, John, lieut.-governor of the State of New York; 
born, 1738; died, 1810; member of the New York state consti- 
tutional convention of 1777; became lieut.-governor in 1804; 
was for many years very prominent in charitable and com- 
mercial circles. He was toasted at celebrations by the Hiber- 
nian Provident Society, New York city, in 1808, 1809 and 
other years. 

Brown, Gen. Jacob (Toast to) ; prominent in the War of 
1812-15; born in Bucks County, Pa., 1775; died in Washing- 
ton, D. C, 1828; opened a private school in New York city, 
1798; studied law; became secretary to Gen. Alexander Hamil- 
ton; later proceeded to northern New York, purchased a tract 
of land on the Black River, and founded Brownsville; in 1813 
he was made a brigadier-general in the U. S. Army, having 
previously served in the militia; was placed in command of 
the army of the Niagara, with the rank of Major general, 
1814; defeated Gen. Riall at Chippewa July 5, and Drum- 
mond at Lundy's Lane, July 25, and at Fort Erie, Sept. 17, 
1814; became General-in-Chief of the U. S. Army, 1821. 

Brown, Dr. William, joined the Boston Charitable Irish So- 
ciety, in 1769; became " Keeper of the Silver Key." 

Brown, James, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, 1835. This may have been James Brown, " from Ire- 
land," of Brown & Co., Baltimore, Md., and Brown Bros, of 
New York. He was stated, in 1845-6, to be worth $500,000. 
A James C. Brown is also mentioned as of the Friendly Sons, 
in 1835. 

Brownson, O. A. (A guest of the Boston Charitable Irish 
Society, 1845); born at Stockbridge, Vt, 1803; died in 1876. 
He was a preacher, lecturer, writer and editor, a man of great 
erudition. He had been a Protestant, but became a Roman 
Catholic in 1844. 



340 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



Bruce, Wm. F., a member of the Friendly Brothers of St. 
Patrick, New York, 1778. His name appears signed to a 
notice for a celebration to be held March 17, that year. 

Bryan, George, of the Hibernian Society, Philadelphia; a 
native of Dublin, Ireland; born, 1731; settled in Philadelphia; 
delegate, in 1765, to the Stamp-Act Congress; member of the 
legislature of Pennsylvania; judge of the Supreme Court of 
the State; died, 1791. 

Bryar, William, he was of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York, as early as 1805 ; treasurer in 1809-1810. There 
was a William Bryar, about that time, in the tobacco business 
at 104 Water St., New York. James Bryar was of the Friendly 
Sons, New York, in 1835. 

Bryden, James, succeeded Daniel Grant in the management 
of the Fountain Inn, Baltimore, Md., about 1797. St. Patrick's 
Day events were held there. 

Bryson, David, secretary of the Hibernian Provident Society, 
New York, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1814, 181 5, 1816, and in other 
years. Bryson participated in the uprising of 1798 in Ireland, 
his father and brother also taking part in that movement. 
The brother was captured, tried, and sentenced to death. 
This sentence was, however, commuted to 20 years' service in 
the British army. David fled to this country, and later went 
to Antigua where the regiment of his brother was located, 
released the brother and brought him to this country where 
he, like David, made a large fortune. David is described as 
" an honest, upright Irishman, one of the tanners and curriers 
of the ' Swamp,' with the Bloodgoods." He was at one period 
an alderman of New York. He was one of the founders of the 
Phcenix Bank that city, and a director of the same for about 
40 years and until his death. His son David M. Bryson, be- 
came cashier of the bank. 

Bullock, Edward Courtenay, commanded 18th Alabama 
Infantry in Civil War. See page 251. 

Bunting, E. (Toast to) ; Edward Bunting was a musician 
and antiquary; born in Armagh, Ireland, 1773; was described 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 34 1 

as " both clever and handsome " ; became interested in old 
Irish music, and travelled through Ulster, Munster, and Con- 
naught, making a collection of material for a work on the 
same. In 1796, he published the result of his labors in this re- 
spect, and subsequently brought out other works in the same 
line. He died in Dublin, Ireland, 1843. 

Burke, Andrew, a member of the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, Mass., as early as 1797; a William Burk was a member 
as early as 1757. 

Burke, Edmund (Toasts to) ; an Irish orator and statesman ; 
born in Dublin, 1730; died in England, 1797; entered parliament, 
1766; was appointed agent for the colony of New York, 1771 ; 
a warm friend and advocate of the rights of the American 
colonists, and of the rights of the people of Ireland. In 1782, 
he was a member of the privy council. Was identified with the 
prosecution of Warren Hastings. 

Burke, Myles, his name was on the roll of the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, New York, in 1835. Miles Burke, M.D., was 
located at 37 Bleecker St., New York, in 1832. They may 
have been identical. 

Bush, Dr. George, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, in 1833; was elected a steward of the 
Society that year, together with Thomas Suffern, John Wil- 
son, John Fleming and John T. Dolan. The name is also 
spelled Bushe. In Longworth's " N. Y. Directory," etc., 
1832-3, is mentioned : " Bushe, George, M.D., 60 White " st. 

Butler, Richard, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia; born in Dublin, Ireland, 1743; killed by an Indian in 
battle on Nov. 4, 1791. Butler's ability was early recog- 
nized by Congress and, in 1776, he was appointed major; be- 
came lieutenant-colonel. In 1777, he was commissioned Colonel 
of the Fifth Pennsylvania; as an officer of Morgan's Rifle 
Corps, he took part in the battles of Bemis' Heights and Still- 
water; was made Colonel of the Ninth Pennsylvania; com- 



342 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



manded the Americans at the storming of Stony Point; partici- 
pated in the siege and capture of Yorktown. He attained the 
rank of Major-General and was second in command of St. 
Clair's army organized for operations against the Western 
Indians. 

Byrne, Rev. Patrick, a Roman Catholic clergyman of Boston, 
Mass.; became a member of the Charitable Irish Society, that 
city; was treasurer of the organization in 1834, 1835 and 1836; 
a native of Kilkenny; ordained to the priesthood by Bishop 
Cheverus, of Boston ; was for many years pastor of St. Mary's 
Church, CharlestOAvn, Mass. ; was occupying that position, 
when a Know-Nothing mob destroyed the Ursuline convent. 

Cadwalader, Gen. John, an honorary member of the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; a native of Philadelphia; 
born, 1742; died in Maryland, 1786. He was an importer of 
dry goods with his brother, Lambert Cadwalader, 1772; com- 
manded the " Greens," a military corps of Pennsylvania, 1774; 
served as a volunteer on Gen. John Sullivan's staff in the battle 
of Long Island; was made brigadier-general of Pennsylvania 
militia; took part in the battles of Trenton, Princeton, Brandy- 
wine, Germantown, Monmouth and other engagements; a 
valued adviser of Washington ; trustee of the University of Penn- 
sylvania; member of the legislature of Maryland. 

Cadwalader, Lambert, an honorary member of the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; was born at Trenton, N. J., 
1742; died, 1823. The family removed to Philadelphia. He be- 
came Colonel of a Pennsylvania corps; was captured at Fort 
Washington by the British, and was released on parole; was 
sent to the Continental Congress, 1785, and was also a member 
of Congress for several terms subsequently; returned to Tren- 
ton, in 1779, and died there. 

Calderwood, Samuel, became a member of the Charitable 
Irish Society, Boston, Mass., in 1757. 

Caldwell, Alexander, became a member of the Boston Chari- 
table Irish Society, in 1738. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 343 

Caldwell, Andrew, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia, and of the First City Troop; born in Ireland; became 
a prominent merchant of Philadelphia; patriot of the Revolu- 
tion; member of the Council of Safety, 1776; member of the 
Navy Board; a port warden of Philadelphia; a director of the 
Bank of North America. 

Caldwell, John, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New' York, 1805, 1806 and 1807-1808; was a member of the 
Society as early as 1804. He was probably John Caldwell of 
the firm John & Richard Caldwell, merchants, 91-93 Water st. 

Caldwell, Robert, became a member of the Boston Chari- 
table Irish Society in 1770. 

Caldwell, Samuel, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia, of the Hibernian Society and of the Hibernia Fire 
Company; was secretary and treasurer of the Friendly Sons 
from 1775 to 1792; born in Londonderry, Ireland; a Philadel- 
phia shipping merchant; patriot of the Revolution; member of 
the First City Troop took an active part in the campaign of 
1776-77; subscribed £1,000 to assist in supplying the army with 
provisions; died, 1798. 

Calhoun, John C. (Toasts to) ; born in South Carolina, 1782; 
died in Washington, D. C, 1850; vice president of the United 
States. His father, Patrick Calhoun, was a native of Ireland, 
and his mother was of Irish descent. John C, the subject of 
this sketch, in 1802 entered Yale College and later graduated 
therefrom. He then studied law, was admitted to the bar and 
rose to distinction; became a member of the South Carolina 
legislature; was a member of Congress from 181 1 to 1817; took 
an active part in inducing President Madison to declare war 
against England in 1812; was made Secretary of War by Presi- 
dent Monroe; was elected vice president of the United States 
and reelected for a second term. He was afterward United 
States Senator, Secretary of State for South Carolina, and again 
a United States Senator. 

Campbell, Andrew, admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish 
Society, in 1797. A person of the name, probably the same, 



344 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



was a schoolmaster in Leverett's lane, and later on Common 

St. 

Campbell, George, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia, and of the First City Troop; born in County Tyrone, 
Ireland; became a lawyer in that country; came to Philadelphia, 
Pa., about 1765; practiced law; member of the legislature of 
Pennsylvania; register of wills, Philadelphia, and held the latter 
position eighteen years. He died in 1810. 

Carberry, Thomas, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, as far back as 1812. This may have been 
Thomas Carberry, shipmaster, 79 Greenwich St., that city. 

Carey, Mathew, a founder of the Hibernian Society, Phila- 
delphia; first secretary of the same; born in Dublin, Ireland, 
1760; died in Philadelphia, 1839. He became a printer and 
bookseller in Ireland. When about 17 years of age, he wrote 
a pamphlet, advocating the rights of the Roman Catholics of 
Ireland and urging the abolition of the penal code. This pro- 
duction greatly offended the supporters of the government, and 
Carey had to escape to Paris. While in France he was given 
employment in a printing office at Passy by the American 
minister, Dr. Franklin. Returning to Dublin, he was connected 
with a paper named the " Freeman's Journal," but later estab- 
lished the " Volunteers' Journal." His utterances, being sturd- 
ily patriotic, again displeased the government and he was 
arrested and committed to jail, in Dublin. He arrived in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., in 1784; established the "Pennsylvania Herald"; 
reported the proceedings of Congress. In 1791, he married, 
and embarked in the book trade; published a number of essays 
and pamphlets. His work " Vindicise Hibernicse " was pub- 
lished in 1819. He was a man of great public spirit and took a 
prominent part in matters pertaining to the welfare of the 
people. 

Carleton, Guy, a British soldier; born at Strabane, Ireland, 
1724; died, 1808. See mention elsewhere. 

Carolan, The Irish Bard (Toasts to) ; (see O'Carolan, Tur- 
lough). 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



345 



Carroll, Charles, of Carollton (Toasts to) ; a signer of the 
Declaration of Independence; was born at Annapolis, Md., Sept. 
20, 1737; died in Baltimore, Md., Dec, 1815; belonged to a 
wealthy Roman Catholic family. He was educated at St. 
Omer, Rheims and Paris, in France ; studied law in that coun- 
try and in England; came back to America in 1764; wrote 
stirring articles under the nom-de-plume of " First Citizen " up- 
holding the rights of the people; was appointed by Congress 
early in 1776, to visit Canada with John Carroll, Samuel Chase 
and Dr. Franklin; served in the Assembly of Maryland; was a 
member of the Continental Congress and of the board of war. 
In 1788, he became a United States Senator and was reelected 
in 1791, remaining a senator until 1801. He was the last sur- 
vivor of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. 

Carroll, John, Roman Catholic priest, bishop, archbishop; 
patriot of the Revolution; born at Upper Marlborough, Md., 
1735; died at Georgetown, D. C, 1817; was "pious, learned 
and patriotic "; appointed by Congress, in 1776, together with 
his cousin, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Samuel Chase and 
Benjamin Franklin, to proceed to Canada and enlist sympathy 
there in behalf of the Revolution. He was unanimously 
selected by Congress to deliver the panegyric on Washington, 
February, 1800. 

Carroll, Michael, admitted to the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, Mass., .in 1757. 

Cassidy, Christopher, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, as early as 1828. In 1832, a Christopher 
Cassidy, tailor, was located at 204 Broadway. 

Castlereagh (Mention of). Robert Stewart, second mar- 
quis of Londonderry, was known till his father's death in 
April, 1821, by the "courtesy title" of Viscount Castlereagh. 
He was born in the Irish province of Ulster, 1769; committed 
suicide while in a fit of insanity, in England, 1822; became 
acting secretary for Ireland in 1797, and secretary in 1798. It 
was largely owing to his efforts that the Legislative Act unit- 
ing Ireland and England was passed in 1800. He was Secre- 



346 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

tary of the Board of Control in 1802; Secretary for War 
1805-6 and 1807-9, an( l ne ld other offices. 

Chambers, John, president of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833. At the 
St. Patrick's Day celebration of the Friendly Sons, in 1832, 
Vice President John Caldwell remarked concerning Mr. Cham- 
bers that " at a comparatively early period of his life, he was a 
member of the corporation of Dublin, — but for what he judged 
the welfare of his country, he sacrificed his hopes and prospects, 
yea, all other considerations. He has been a firm and con- 
sistent friend of liberty during the whole course of his long life. 
You all know him. I will give you a toast: 'The health of 
John Chambers, Esq., our worthy president! ,: Chambers, 
previous to his arrival in this country, had been arrested, to- 
gether with other Irish patriots, by the British government, 
and confined at Fort George, Scotland. At the funeral, in 
New York, of Thomas Addis Emmet he was one of the pall- 
bearers. Among the others were De Witt Clinton, Chancellor 
Kent, Judge Betts, Judge Thompson, Hon. Martin Van Buren, 
Dr. Wm. J. Macneven, Wiliam Sampson, Robert Swanton 
and David B. Ogden. 

Charlemont, Earl of, — James Caulfield — (Toasts to) ; born 
m Dublin, 1728; a leader in the Irish Volunteer movement; a 
friend of Grattan and other patriotic advocates; a man of great 
culture and fine intellect; became commander of the Irish 
Volunteers which at one time numbered 80,000 men; was a 
founder of the Royal Irish Academy. He died, 1799. 

Charleton, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York; a member as early as 1790; became a councillor of the 
Society; was a physician located at no Broadway as early as 
1786. This name likewise appears as Charlton. 

Charters, Alexander, a linen merchant at 64 Pine St., New 
York, in 1832 ; member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
that city. He was probably the A. Charters who was secretary 
of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 1825, 1826; and 
who became vice-president of the same. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 347 

Charters, John, as early as 1824 he was a member of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York. He was a steward 
of the society, in the year mentioned. 

Cheverus, John Louis de, bishop of Boston. He is men- 
tioned in this work in connection with St. Patrick Day ob- 
servances in that city. He was born at Mayenne, France, 1768; 
died in France, 1836. He arrived in Boston in 1796, where he 
was received by his old friend Abbe Matignon. Cheverus was 
consecrated bishop of Boston, 1810, by Archbishop Carroll; 
returned to France in 1823, and later became Cardinal Arch- 
bishop of Bordeaux. 

Christian, Charles, secretary of a meeting of " naturalized 
Irishmen " held in New York City, March 16, 1815, " to take 
into consideration the most suitable mode of testifying their 
obligations to De Witt Clinton, Esq." Christian was a mem- 
ber of the committee appointed by this meeting to wait upon 
Clinton and present him an address. 

Clancy, John, a member, in 1817, of the Hibernian Provi- 
dent Society, New York ; one of the Standing Committee that 
year. 

Clark, James, a founder of the Boston Charitable Irish So- 
ciety, 1737. 

Clark, John, a founder, in 1737, of the Charitable Irish So- 
ciety, Boston, Mass. 

Cleary, Thomas, secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, 1829. 

Cleland, Moses, elected president of the Hibernian Society, 
Savannah, Ga., March 17, 1815. 

Clinton, De Witt, born, 1769; died, 1828; a member of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, as early as 1790; 
nephew of Gov. George Clinton of New York, graduate of 
Columbia College; Democratic leader in the State Senate, from 
1798 to 1802; Mayor of New York City, 1803-7, 1809-10, 
1811-14; an earnest friend of the American Academy of Fine 



34« 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



Arts and of the New York Historical Society; Peace candidate 
in 1812 for president of the United States, being defeated by 
James Madison; was first president of the New York Literary 
and Philosophical Society; was an influential advocate of the 
construction of the Erie canal ; governor of New York in 1817- 
22, and in 1824-27. His grandfather, Charles Clinton, was a 
native of County Longford, Ireland, 1690. At a dinner of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, in New York City in 1828, 
De Witt Clinton was mentioned as having been a member of 
the Society " nearly forty years." 

Clinton, George, first governor of the State of New York, 
being elected in 1777, and holding the office, by successive elec- 
tions, for a period of eighteen years. He was a son of an 
Irishman, Charles Clinton, and uncle of De Witt Clinton who 
also became governor of the Empire State. Gov. George Clin- 
ton, the subject of this sketch, had been a member of the Con- 
tinental Congress and voted for the Declaration of Independ- 
ence. He was made a brigadier-general and rendered splendid 
service. In 1804 he was elected vice-president of the United 
States and was reelected in 1808. He was born in 1739; 
died, 1812. 

Clinton James, born, 1736; died, 1812; a son of Charles 
Clinton, the Irishman, and brother of Vice-President George 
Clinton; was made Colonel of the Third New York regiment, 
June 30, 1775; went with Montgomery to Quebec; was com- 
missioned brigadier-general, August, 1776; saw much active 
service; was present at the surrender of Lord Cornwallis; a 
member, successively, of both branches of the legislature of the 
State of New York. 

Clinton, Sir Henry (Mention of); a British soldier; born, 
1738; died, 1795; a Major-General in 1775; came to America 
with Howe and Burgoyne; took part in the battle of Bunker 
Hill; succeeded Lord Howe, in 1778, as British commander-in- 
chief in America; returned to England in 1782. 

Cochran, Dr. John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia, Pa.; born in Chester County, Pa., 1730; a son of Irish 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



349 



parents ; studied medicine, and was surgeon's mate during the 
French and Indian war; married, in 1760, Mrs. Gertrude Schuy- 
ler; removed to New Jersey and was a founder of the New 
Jersey Historical Society; was Physician and Surgeon-General 
of the army for a period of about four years during the Revo- 
lution. In 1781, Congress made him Director-General of Hos- 
pitals; was one of the earliest members of the Society of the 
Cincinnati; removed to New York state. President Washing- 
ton, in 1790, made him Commissioner of Loans for that state. 
Dr. Cochran died in 1807. Gen. John Cochrane of New York 
was his grandson. 

Coghlan, Mr., a resident of New York, 1818. His house 
was " at No. 70 - William street." The Shamrock Friendly 
Association held meetings there. 

Coleman, James S. (Mention of) ; a prominent resident of 
New York city; member of the firm, Coleman, Breuchaud & 
Coleman; has held various positions of trust and honor; was 
president of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 1895- 
1896; is a member of the American-Irish Historical Historical 
Society. 

Colles, Christopher, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York; was a member as early as 1788. This was doubtless 
Christopher Colles, a famous engineer, who was born in Ire- 
land about 1737. He came to this country and lectured in 
Philadelphia and New York on pneumatics, water supply 
for cities, inland navigation, etc., in 1772-74. In 1775 he be- 
came an instructor in gunnery and was employed as such in 
the American Continental Army until 1777. In 1784, he 
memorialized the New York state legislature in favor of a 
canal from the Hudson river to Lake Ontario. In 1812 he 
constructed and operated a telegraph at Fort Clinton, and 
claimed to have constructed the first steam engine built in 
America. He died in New York city, 1821. 

Condon, Samuel, joined the Boston Charitable Irish So- 
ciety, 1768; became sei .etary of the same. 



35° 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



Connor, Fitz M. Friendly, of the Friendly Brothers of St. 
Patrick, New York, 1782. His name was signed as " Acting 
Secretary " to a notice for a meeting and dinner at Roubalet's 
Tavern, New York, the said event to be held Monday, March 
18, 1782. 

Constable, James, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, as early as 1790; vice president of the So- 
ciety in 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798 and perhaps in other years. He 
was probably a brother of William Constable, a sketch of whom 
here follows. 

Constable, William, President of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York City, 1789-1790, and in 1795. He was for- 
merly a resident of Philadelphia, Pa., where he became a mem- 
ber of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, of the latter city. Mr. 
Constable was born in Dublin, Ireland, Jan. 1, 1752, and was 
educated at Trinity College, that city. He espoused the side 
of the patriots in the American Revolution and became an aide 
to Lafayette. Later, he founded a commercial house in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., and a branch of the same at Charleston, S. C. 
Associated with him in this enterprise was James Seagrove. 
They engaged largely in the West India trade. Mr. Constable 
wedded, in 1782, Ann Townsend, who had been a schoolmate 
of Gen. Washington's wife. Removing to New York city in 
1784, he established the firm of Constable, Rucker & Co., which 
was succeeded by Constable & Co. In this latter firm he had 
as partners, Gouverneur Morris and Robert Morris. The two 
latter each contributed £50,000 to the capital of the firm. They 
engaged in the neutral carrying trade, had relations with India, 
China and other countries and also did an extensive financial 
business. At one period William Constable's brother, James, 
was associated with him in business. William erected and, for 
a number of years conducted, a flouring mill at Yonkers, N. Y., 
subsequently disposing of the same for $65,000. Mr. Constable 
at one time resided on Great Dock street, New York, again 
on Wall street and later on the site of the Astor House. He 
had a homestead at Bloomingdale, N. Y. He engaged in sev- 
eral huge land speculations. On one occasion, he and his 
friend Alexander Macomb bought 640,000 acres, the " Ten 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 351 

Townships/' on the St. Lawrence river, New York state. He 
was associated with Daniel McCormick and Alexander Macomb 
in the purchase of a tract which comprised the " whole of the 
present counties of Lewis, Jefferson, St. Lawrence and Frank- 
lin, with parts of Oswego and Herkimer." The tract consisted 
of over 3,600,000 acres or in the neighborhood of a tenth part 
of the entire state. The price paid was " eight pence an acre." 
Mr. Constable while a resident of Philadelphia had been not 
only a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick there but 
also of the famous Hibernia Fire Company. He was a mem- 
ber of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, as early as 
1784. When the Duke of Orleans was a fugitive in this coun- 
try, about 1797, Mr. Constable loaned him $1,000, the same 
being repaid by Louis Philippe. Mr. Constable passed away 
May 22, 1803, and was interred in St. Paul's churchyard, New 
York city. He left a widow and seven children. 

Conway, E. H., under his management, a " Grand Hibernian 
Ball " was given at Concert Hall, New York, " on St. Patrick's 
Eve," March 16, 1832. The proceeds, it was announced, to 
be devoted " to the Orphan Asylum in Prince st." 

Copley, John Singleton (Mention of) ; born in Boston, Mass,. 
x 737> °f Irish parents; famous portrait painter; became a mem- 
ber of the Royal Academy, 1783; father of Baron Lyndhurst, 
who became lord chancellor of England. Copley's step-father 
was Peter Pelham, a founder of the Boston Charitable Irish 
Society. 

Coppinger, John, of the Boston Charitable Irish Society; 
admitted, 1757. 

Corbitt, George S., secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, 1833; treasurer, 1834. The name is also 
spelled Corbett. There was a George S. Corbitt at 7 Exchange 
St., in 1832. He was a merchant. 

Corre, Joseph; mention is made in these pages of a St. 
Patrick's dinner " at Corre's," New York city. A notice pub- 
lished in April, 1786, states that " Joseph Corre has removed 
to the City Tavern in Broadway (late Capes) where he hopes 



35 2 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



to give satisfaction to the traveller; he has good beds, the 
best of liquors, dinners and supplies will be provided at the 
shortest notice. Any person wishing to have their servants 
taught the art of cooking may apply to him for terms." The 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick had their anniversary dinner at 
the City Tavern for several years. Its location is stated to 
have been at 115 Broadway. 

Courtenay, Alexander Black. See page 251. 

Courtenay, Edward, a founder of the Hibernian Society, 
of Charleston, S. C; was a native of Newry, Ireland; born, 
1771; came to the United States, in 1791, with his brother John; 
died in Savannah, Ga., 1807. His wife, Lydia, was a daughter of 
Samuel Smith of Newburyport, Mass. She was born in 1769 and 
died in 1852. Edward Smith Courtenay was the eldest child of 
Edward and Lydia. 

Courtenay, Edward Smith. See page 251. 

Courtenay, James C, native and resident of Charleston, 
S. C. See page 252. 

Courtenay, John. See pages 249, 250, 251. 

Courtenay, Hon. William A., of " Innisfallen," Newry, S. C. 
See pages 249, 250. 

Cox, William, president of the Hibernian Provident Society, 
New York, 1820. 

Craig, John, of the Hibernian Provident Society, New York 
city, in 1808, and member of the Standing Committee of the 
organization. A John Craig was a member of the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, that city, in 1812. 

Hi 

Craig, S., member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, as far back as 1805 ; in all probability, he was of the 
firm, William & Samuel Craig, merchants of New York. 

Craig, W., member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, as early as 1805. He was doubtless a member of the 
firm William & Samuel Craig, New York merchants. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 353 

Cranston, Alexander, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, as early as 1805. Doubtless he was the 
Alexander Cranston of " Alex. Cranston & Co.," prominent 
merchants of New York. 

Crawford, James, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia, of the Hibernian Society, the Hibernia Fire Company 
and the First City Troop; born in Ireland; a Philadelphia ship- 
ping merchant; died, 1810. 

Croghan, George, for sketch see footnote, page 18. 

Crombie, Joseph, a founder of the Hibernian Society, 
Charleston, S. C, about 1799. 

Cullen, Edward F., a bootmaker at 70 William St., New 
York, in 1832. He was probably the person of the name who, 
in 1835, was of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city. 

I 

Cumming, Dr. George, a member of the Friendly Sons of 
St. Patrick, New York, as early as 1828. The name also ap- 
pears as Cuming and Cummings. 

Cumming, George B., became president of the Hibernian 
Society, Savannah, Ga., March 18, 1833. 

Cumming, John, first president of the Hibernian Society, 
Savannah, Ga. ; elected to the position on March 17, 1812; he 
was again elected in 1832, but on the latter occason declined 
the office. 

Curran, John Philpot (Toasts to) ; distinguished Irish ora- 
tor and patriot; born in Newmarket, County Cork, Ireland, 
1750; died in 1817. He was admitted to the bar in 1774; entered 
the Irish parliament in 1783; defended Archibald Hamilton 
Rowan when the latter was charged by the government with 
" seditious libel." In 1797 Curran resigned from the Irish 
parliament; he had been an earnest advocate of Catholic eman- 
cipation and the extension of the suffrage. When the Whigs 
came into power, about 1806, Curran, who had in the meantime 
identified himself with that party, was appointed master of the 
23 



354 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



rolls. He was a great lawyer, a great orator, a great wit, and 
eloquent tributes have been paid him by Byron, Madame de 
Stael and a host of other noted people. Robert Emmet, the 
Irish patriot, was betrothed to Curran's daughter. 

Cuthbertson, Samuel, became a member of the Boston Chari- 
table Irish Society in 1766; was chosen a " Key-Keeper " of the 
Society the same year. 

Dalton, James, became a member of the Boston Charitable 
Irish Society in 1740; was vice-president of the same in 1766. 

Daly, Judge, mentioned as with the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, at a celebration in 1845. This is believed 
to have been Hon. Charles P. Daly, who was born in New 
York city, 1816; admitted to the bar, 1839; elected to the 
Legislature, 1843; became justice of the Court of Common 
Pleas, 1844; chief justice, 1871 to 1886. He received the 
degree of LL.D., from Columbia, i860; was president for 
many years of the American Geographical Society ; the author 
of many able papers. 

Davis, George, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia; born in Ireland; removed from Philadelphia, about 
1777, to Trenton, N. J., and died in the latter place. 

Davis, William, joined the Boston Charitable Irish Society, 
in 1740. 

Davy, Capt., of the Shamrock Friendly Association, New 
York. In 1820, he was a vice president of the same. 

Decatur, Stephen (Toasts to) ; distinguished American 
naval officer; born in Maryland, 1777; died near Washington, 
D. C, 1820. He was of Irish extraction on his mother's side. 
He entered the navy in 1798; was a captain in 1804; partici- 
pated in the Tripolitan war; for an exploit in that war he 
received the thanks of Congress, a sword, and was pro- 
moted; captured the British frigate " Macedonian," 1812; mor- 
tally wounded in a duel with Commodore James Barron, 
U. S. N., in 1820. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 355 

Delany, Sharp, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, and the 
Hibernian Society, Philadelphia, Pa.; born in County Mona- 
ghan, Ireland; established himself in Philadelphia, as a drug- 
gist about the year 1764, in partnership with William Delany, 
his brother; took the side of the colonists against the Crown; 
was a deputy to the Provincial Convention, Jan., 1775, and to 
the Provincial Conference in June of that year. In 1777 he 
was a commissioner " to seize the personal effects of traitors," 
and in 1778 was an agent to look after " forfeited estates." He 
was Colonel of the Second Pennsylvania in 1779; subscribed 
£1,000, in 1780, in aid of the army; was collector of the Port of 
Philadelphia; a member of the Cincinnati, and occupied other 
honorable spheres in life. 

Denniston, James, in 1835, and probably earlier, a member 
of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York. He is be- 
lieved to have been of the firm James Denniston & Co., mer- 
chants, doing business, in 1832, at 136 Pearl St., New York. 

Dickinson, John, an honorary member of the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; born in Maryland, 1732; died at 
Wilmington, Del., 1808. He was chosen to the Continental 
Congress in 1774; was also a member of Congress at other 
periods; president of Delaware; president of the Supreme Ex- 
ecutive Council of Pennsylvania. 

Dillon, Count (Toast to) ; Count Arthur Dillon was of a 
high-born Irish-French family, and was an officer in our French 
allies who came to America during the Revolution here. He 
was Colonel of the Regiment of Dillon and with him was his 
kinsman, Lieut. Col. Barthelemy Dillon. They and their com- 
mand rendered valiant service to the cause of liberty. 

Dillon, G., of the Shamrock Friendly Association, New 
York, 1817; a member, March 17, that year of the " Commit- 
tee of Arrangement." 

Dillon, Robert J., an attorney at 4 Broad st., New York city, 
in 1832. The name also appears on the roll of the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, New York, in 1835. Robert J. Dillon was 
secretary of the Friendly Sons in 1837. 



35 6 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Dobson, Oliver L., was elected treasurer of the Hibernian 
Society, Savannah, Ga., March 17, 1817. 

Dolan, John T., of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, 1832. He was probably the John T. Dolan, who was en- 
gaged in the hardware trade, at 282 Pearl st. 

Donahoe, Patrick, founder of the Boston " Pilot " ; born in 
Kilmore, County Cavan, Ireland, March 17, 1814; came to Bos- 
ton, Mass., in 1825; settled in that city. He and Mr. Deve- 
reaux, some years subsequently, secured control of "The 
Jesuit," a Boston Catholic paper, and changed the name to the 
" Literary and Catholic Sentinel." A few years later, Messrs. 
Donahoe and Devereaux commenced the publication of " The 
Pilot," which is still enjoying a prosperous career. Mr. Dona- 
hoe assisted in the formation of two Irish regiments from 
Massachusetts during the Civil War — the Ninth and Twenty- 
Eighth — and his paper ably supported the cause of the Union. 
He was always a warm friend of the Irish immigrant, and a 
generous contributor to Catholic undertakings. He served as 
a director of Public Institutions, Boston, for nine years ; was 
president of the Emigrant Savings Bank, that city, and presi- 
dent of the Home for Destitute Catholic Children. Mr. Dona- 
hoe was President of the Boston Charitable Irish Society in 
1851 and 1854. He died recently. 

Donaldson, Robert, member of the New York Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 1833. A gentleman of the 
name came to New York city from North Carolina about 
1829. He was a man of means, and owned a hotel at Raleigh. 
He settled in New York and in 1845-6 had a " magnificent 
place on the North river." His wife was a daughter of Chief 
Justice Gaston of North Carolina. Mr. Donaldson was stated, 
about 1845, to be worth $200,000. In Longworth's " N. Y. 
Directory " for 1832 is mentioned a Robert Donaldson, paper 
warerooms, 45 John st. Another Robert Donaldson was at 
15 State St., New York. 

Dongan, Thomas, born in Ireland, 1634; became a colonel, 
and saw service under the King of France; was made lieutenant- 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



357 



governor of Tangier, Africa, in 1678, and was recalled in 1680. 
In 1683 the English Duke of York (later, James II.), appointed 
him governor of New York, to which province Dongan gave 
a wise and just administration. Gov. Dongan retained the 
office until the spring of 1688, when he was succeeded by 
Andros who also had a commission to govern New England. 
Dongan subsequently experienced harsh treatment and was 
obliged to leave the province owing to the bitter persecution 
set on foot by his political enemies. He became Earl of 
Limerick; died, 171 5. 

Donnaldson, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, and 
the Hibernian Society, Philadelphia; son of Hugh Donnaldson 
of Dungannon, Ireland. John, the son, was a Philadelphia 
shipping merchant; member of the First City Troop; partici- 
pated in the battles of Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Ger- 
mantown and other actions of the war; subscribed £2,000, in 
1780, in aid of the army; register-general of Pennsylvania; 
comptroller-general of the State. He died in Philadelphia, 
1831. 

Doran, James, described as " the host " at a celebration at 
the Bank Coffee House, New York, by the Friendly Sons of 
St. Patrick, 1831. 

Dore, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 
1835. A merchant of the name was, in 1832, in business at 
128 Pearl st., that city. 

Downing, Thomas, became a member of the Boston Chari- 
table Irish Society, 1737. He was, doubtless, the Thomas 
Downing who kept a lodging house. In 1740, an Irish woman 
Abigail Richardson, sick and destitute, stopped at his house. 

Doyle, Bishop (Toasts to) ; of Kildare and Leighlin, Ire- 
land; born in 1786 at New Ross, Wexford, Ireland; educated in 
Portugal; served in the Portuguese army, against the French, 
as a volunteer; professor in Carlow College, Ireland; was made 
a bishop about 1819; a fearless advocate of the rights of his 
co-religionists and countrymen. He died in 1834. 



358 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Doyle, Dennis H., of the Friendly Sons of St, Patrick, New 
York, 1835. He was a director of the Franklin Bank which 
was established there in 1818. He is also mentioned as a 
member of the Hibernian Provident Society, New York. 

Doyle, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 
1833. Three persons of the name are mentioned as located 
in New York about that time. One was a bookseller at 
12 Liberty st. ; another, a tailor at 123 Orange St., while the 
third was at 286 Mulberry st. 

Dunlap, Andrew, president of the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, Mass., 1826. 

Dunlap, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia; a native of Strabane, County Tyrone, Ireland; born, 
1747; came to this country when a boy and learned the print- 
ing business under William Dunlap, his uncle. In 1767, he 
took charge of his uncle's business, and the next year issued 
the Pennsylvania " Packet or General Advertiser " ; became 
printer to congress, 1778, and to the state of Pennsylvania; 
also issued publications in German. He and D. C. Claypool, 
in 1784, made the " Packet " a daily paper. Dunlap was one of 
the earliest members of the First City Troop, of Philadelphia, 
and served with it in the Revolution. In 1775, he was Cornet 
of the Troop ; in 1781, First Lieutenant, and in 1794 became its 
commander. He commanded the cavalry during the Whiskey 
Insurrection campaign. He subscribed £4,000 in aid of the 
army during the Revolution ; at one time was the owner of 
98,000 acres of land in the South, in addition to much real 
estate elsewhere; died, 1812. 

Dunn, Bernard, a merchant in 1832 at 101 Maiden Lane, 
New York, his residence being at 32 Water st. He was 
doubtless the Bernard Dunn whose name appears in 1835 on 
the roll of the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 

Eagle, Henry, member of the Hibernian Provident Society, 
New York, 1808 ; " an Irishman and former dry goods dealer," 
Chatham St., New York; was stated, in 1845-6, to be worth 
$200,000. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



359 



Eaton, William B., admitted to the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, 1797; conducted "a wine and porter cellar," that 
city; resided at 69 Ann st. 

Eccleston, Edward, as early as 1832 he was a member of 
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York. Longworth's 
" N. Y. Directory," 1832-3, mentions Edward Eccleston, linen 
importer, 5 Cedar st. 

Edgar, William, a member of the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, Mass.; admitted in 1739. 

Edgar, William, member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, as early as 1790; a councillor of the Society in 
that year, also in 1791; his "white marble palace" was at 7 
Greenwich street. In 1797 his residence was at 7 Wall st.; a 
merchant; became a director of the Mutual Insurance Co., 
1793 ; a director of the bank of New York. An H. L. Edgar, 
believed to be a brother of this William, is described as the 
" son of an Irishman," and was, in 1845-6, estimated to be 
worth $150,000. 

Edgeworth, Maria (Toast to) ; a famous Irish novelist ; born 
in England, 1767; died, 1849. Her father passed the greater 
part of his life in County Longford, Ireland, where the Edge- 
worth family had been settled for over a century and a half. 
Maria was twelve years of age before she saw Ireland, but 
thenceforth her pen contributed to the latter's literary fame. 
Her writings were greatly admired by Sir Walter Scott, Byron, 
Macaulay and a host of 'other people. 

Edgeworth, Richard L. (Toast to) ; father of Maria, just 
mentioned. He was born in 1744; died, 1817; attended school 
in Drogheda, Ireland, and also in Longford; entered Trinity 
College, Dublin, 1761, and subsequently attended Oxford. 
He was a founder of the Royal Irish Academy, and wrote 
much; was a member of the Irish parliament. 

Eliot, Samuel A., mayor of Boston, 1837-9; born there, 
1796; died in Cambridge, Mass., 1862; state senator; member 
of Congress ; father of President Eliot of Harvard College. 



360 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Elliot, Simon, admitted to the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, in 1757. He was doubtless a snuff manufacturer of 
the name whose place of business was at 51 State St., that city. 
Simon Elliot, Jr., was in 1789 a merchant on State st. 

Emmet Robert (Toasts to) ;an Irish patriot, leader and mar- 
tyr; born, March 4, 1778; executed, Sept. 20, 1803. He was a 
fellow student at Trinity College, Dublin, with Thomas Moore, 
the poet ; both were advocates of the rights of the Irish people. 
Emmet early became connected with the United Irishmen, of 
which patriotic organization many of his fellow students were 
also members. He planned an Irish revolution, and on July 23, 
1803, gallantly attempted to seize Dublin castle. Not being 
well supported by his associates and followers the attempt 
failed. Emmet took refuge in the Wicklow mountains, but 
was later arrested and convicted of high treason to British law. 
He was executed in Dublin, but his memory will ever be kept 
in benediction by the friends of Irish freedom. Sarah Curran, 
Emmet's betrothed, was a daughter of Curran, the distinguished 
orator and- advocate. 

Emmet, Robert, eldest son of Thomas Addis Emmet, next 
mentioned. Robert was born in Dublin, Ireland, 1792, and 
came to New York city in 1804; graduated at Columbia Col- 
lege, 1810; studied law and was admitted to the bar; became 
captain of a company in his father's regiment during the war 
of 1812-1815; married, in 1817, Rosina Hubley, of Lancaster, 
Pa., daughter of Col. Adam Hubley who was an officer in the 
Revolutionary war. Emmet was a member of the legislature 
of the State of New York, in 1828; corporation counsel of 
New York, 183 1 ; register of the Court of Chancery, for a long 
period; and judge of the Superior Court of New York, No- 
vember, 1852 to December, 1854. After the death of Dr. 
William James Macneven, he was generally recognized as 
leader of the Irish element in New York; was a member of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city. He died Feb. 15, 
1873- 

Emmet, Thomas Addis, born in Cork City, Ireland, 1764; 
died in New York, 1827; graduate of Trinity College, Dublin; 
studied medicine at the University of Glasgow, and graduated 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 361 

there ; then took up the study of law and was admitted to the bar 
in 1791; became prominent in the Society of United Irishmen; 
was arrested and imprisoned therefor, in 1798, together with 
many of his associates. He was a brother of the immortal 
Robert Emmet who was executed by the British government 
in 1803. Upon being liberated, Thomas went to France, being 
threatened with severe penalties should he return to British 
territory. He sailed for the United States in 1804; located in 
New York city, where he attained great eminence in the legal 
profession; became attorney-general of the state of New York 
in 1812. In the war of 1812, he was colonel of a New York 
regiment. He was buried in Chancellor Jones' vault, St. 
Mark's church, New York. On the monument erected to his 
memory, in St. Paul's churchyard, New York, were placed 
inscriptions in English, Latin and Irish. That in English was 
written by Gulian C. Verplanck; that in Latin, by John Duer; 
while the Irish inscription was penned by Rt. Rev. John Eng- 
land, D.D., of Charleston, S. C. An exhaustive history of the 
Emmet family has recently been brought out by Thomas Addis 
Emmet, M.D., LL.D., of New York City. 

England, Rt. Rev. John (D.D.), (anniversary orator for the 
Hibernian Society, Savannah, Ga.) ; bishop of Charleston, S. C. ; 
born at Cork, Ireland, 1786; studied law for two years, but 
decided to embrace an ecclesiastical life; studied theology in 
Carlow College, Ireland; was made president of the Diocesan 
Seminary, Cork, by Bishop Moylan; was ordained to the 
priesthood in 1808; became editor and proprietor of the Cork 
"Chronicle"; was appointed parish priest of Bandon, Ireland, 
in 1817; was consecrated in Ireland, 1820, bishop of Charleston, 
S. C; arrived in Charleston in December of that year. His 
diocese comprised the states of North Carolina, South Carolina 
and Georgia. He founded the " United States Catholic Mis- 
cellany," in 1822, and made that publication a power for good; 
founded the Anti-Duelling Association, and was a member of 
the Charleston Philosophical Literary Association. He died 
April 11, 1842. 

English, Thomas, became a member of the Boston Chari- 
table Irish Society, 1791; was president of the Society, 1810, 
181 1, 1812 and 1813. 



362 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Erskine, William, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia; was born in Ireland, and became a merchant in 
Philadelphia. He was lost at sea toward the close of 1781. 

Everett, Edward, a guest of the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, Mass., at the latter's centennial celebration, March 17, 
1837. He was then governor of Massachusetts; born at Dor- 
chester, Mass., 1794; died in Boston, 1865; was graduated at 
Harvard in 181 1; became a Unitarian pastor in Boston; profes- 
sor of Greek at Harvard; member of Congress, 1825 to 1835; 
governor of Massachusetts, 1836 to 1840; U. S. Minister to 
England, 1841 to 1845; president of Harvard, 1846 to 1849; i n 
1852, succeeded Daniel Webster as Secretary of State; U. S. 
Senator, 1853-4. 

Farquhar (Toast to) ; it is assumed that this was George 
Farquhar, an Irish actor and dramatist; born in Londonderry, 
Ireland, 1678; died, 1707. 

Fenwick, Benedict Joseph, second Roman Catholic bishop of 
Boston; mentioned herein in connection with a St. Patrick's 
Day observance in Boston, 1832; born in Maryland, 1782; be- 
came a Jesuit priest; administrator of the diocese of New York; 
president of Georgetown College; was consecrated bishop of 
Boston, 1825. 

Fitzgerald, Lord Edward (Toasts to) ; a distinguished Irish 
patriot, and a leader of the United Irishmen; born near Dublin, 
1763; died a prisoner, 1798. He was a son of the first Duke 
of Leinster, and was educated for the army. He joined the 
British army and came to America with his regiment in 1781; 
was appointed aide-de-camp on the staff of Lord Rawdon; was 
wounded at the battle of Eutaw Springs, and after the capitula- 
tion of Yorktown became a member of Gen. O'Hara's staff, 
at St. Lucia. In 1783, Fitzgerald returned to Ireland and was 
elected to the Irish parliament from Athy. The penal laws in 
force against the Irish Roman Catholics grieved him sorely. 
He again visited America, and on his return to Ireland, resumed 
his place in the parliament of that country. While on a visit 
to Paris he renounced his title of nobility and publicly toasted 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 363 

the French Revolution. For this, he was dismissed from the 
British army. In 1796, he became a member of the Society of 
United Irishmen and was sent by it to France for the purpose 
of negotiating a treaty for a French invasion of Ireland. The 
British government discovered the movement and arrested a 
number of the leaders. Fitzgerald secreted himself in Dublin, 
but continued in charge of the conspiracy. The British govern- 
ment placed a price on his head, and he was captured May 19, 
1798, and imprisoned. He died on June 4, ensuing, of wounds 
received at the time of his capture. The government passed a 
bill of attainder and his property was confiscated. 

Fitzgerald, William G., secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, 1845- 1848. 

Fitz Gerald, R. A., secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, 1830. 

Fitzpatrick, John Bernard, Roman Catholic bishop of Bos- 
ton, Mass.; born in Boston, 1812; died, 1866; a man of 
scholarly attainments; succeeded Rt. Rev. Dr. Fenwick as 
bishop of Boston, in 1846. 

FitzSimons, Thomas (sometimes written Thomas Fitz- 
simmons), one of the original members of the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa. ; was also a member of the 
Hibernian Society, that city; born in Dublin, Ireland, 1741 ; 
died in 181 1; at the outbreak of the American Revolution he 
ranged himself on the side of the patriots. He organized a 
company of Associators, attached to Col. John Nixon's battal- 
ion, and participated in the operations in New Jersey. He was 
a member of the firm of George Meade & Co., which firm sub- 
scribed £2,000 to furnish the army with necessities. In 1782, 
he was elected to the Continental Congress; was a member of 
the Convention that framed the national constitution. He was 
a member of the first national House of Representatives, under 
the new Constitution and was repeatedly reelected; was presi- 
dent of the Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce, one of the 
founders of the Bank of North America, president of the Insur- 
ance Company of North America and trustee of the University 
of Pennsylvania. He married a sister of George Meade. 



364 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Fleming, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, 1833. In 1832 a John Fleming was cashier of the 
Mechanics Bank, 15 Wall St., that city. 

Flemming, Sampson, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, as early as 1784. The name is also spelled 
Fleming. 

Foley, James, corresponding secretary of the Shamrock 
Friendly Association, New York, in 1822. 

Foot, Thomas, treasurer of the Hibernian Provident So- 
ciety, New York, 1817; member of the standing committee of 
the Society in 1808. He is mentioned as of " 219 Greenwich 
street." His name is also spelled Foote. 

Francis, Tench, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia, of the Hibernia Fire Company, and of the Gloucester 
Fox Hunting Club; was also captain of the Quaker Blues; 
born in Maryland, 1732; died in Philadelphia, 1800. His father 
was a native of Ireland, and became Attorney-General of the 
province of Pennsylvania. Tench Francis, the subject of this 
sketch, was a Philadelphia merchant; subscribed £5,500 in aid 
of the American patriot army. 

Francis, Turbutt, brother of Tench, just mentioned; born in 
1740; died, 1777; member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia; served in the French and Indian war; lieutenant 
in the Forty-Fourth regiment of Foot, 1758; commanded a 
Pennsylvania battalion, 1764. One of his descendants is G. H. 
Mifflin of the Boston publishers, Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 

Franklin, Benjamin (Toasts to) ; born in Boston, Mass., 
1706; died in Philadelphia, Pa., 1790; became a printer, and 
started the " Pennsylvania Gazette " ; leading founder of the 
Philadelphia Library; experimented with lightning and dem- 
onstrated its identity with electricity ; founder of the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania; delegate, in 1754, to the Colonial Con- 
gress at Albany ; drew up a plan for the union of the colonies ; 
a signer of the Declaration of Independence; ambassador to 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 365 

France as colleague of Arthur Lee and Silas Deane; took a 
prominent part in negotiating the treaty of alliance with that 
country; was elected governor of Pennsylvania, 1786. 

Freeland, James, admitted to membership in the Boston 
Charitable Irish Society, 1770; became " Keeper of the Silver 
Key." 

Freeland, William a founder of the Boston Charitable Irish 
Society, 1737. 

Fuller, Benjamin, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia; secretary and treasurer of the same; born in Ireland; 
died in 1799; a leading ship-broker and merchant of Philadel- 
phia ; subscribed £2,000 in aid of the patriot army. 

Fullerton, George, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia; born in Ireland; member of the First City Troop, 
Philadelphia. He was a merchant. At a military review, in 
1776, near Trenton, he was fatally wounded by the accidental 
discharge of a pistol. His will mentions John Fullerton, an 
uncle in Ireland. 

Gaine, Hugh, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York, 1784- 1788, 1789- 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793- 1794, 1795 
and 1796. He was a native of Ireland and served an apprentice- 
ship as printer with James Macgee of Belfast. Gaine came to 
New York and worked as a journeyman for James Parker. In 
1752 he began business on his own account. He established 
the " Mercury," which continued until the close of the 
Revolution. When the British took possession of New York, 
Gaine retired to Newark. Despairing, however, of the success 
of the patriots, he returned to New York and published a loyal- 
ist newspaper. At the close of the war he petitioned the legis- 
lature to be allowed to remain and his petition was granted. 
He is mentioned as a bookseller and stationer, about 1787, at 
25 Hanover Square. He died in 1809. 

Gallagher, Rev. Simon Felix, mentioned as first president of 
the Hibernian Society, Charleston, S. C. 



366 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Gamble, Archibald, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia; was professor in the University of Pennsylvania. 
His son, Thomas Gamble, became U. S. Consul at St. Thomas, 
West Indies. 

Gardner, Robert, admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish 
Society, 1772; was secretary of the same, 1794 and 1795; treas- 
urer, 1810, 181 1 and 1812. Occasionally the name is spelled 
Gardiner. ':mim 

Gates, Gen. Horatio (Toast to); born in England, 1728; 
died in New York, 1806; became a major in the British army 
and came to America; was wounded, in 1755, at Braddock's 
defeat; later, settled on an estate in Virginia; espoused the 
cause of the patriots; was made Adjutant-General of the Con- 
tinental army by Congress, 1775; commanded the Northern 
Army, 1776-77; was made commander of the Southern Depart- 
ment, 1780. He removed to New York city in 1790, and was 
chosen to the legislature of the state. He declined to serve, 
however. 

Gerry Elbridge (Toast to) ; a signer of the Declaration of 
Independence; vice president of the United States. He was 
born at Marblehead, Mass., 1744; died in Washington, D. C, 
1 814; graduated at Harvard, 1762; member of the Provincial 
Congress of Massachusetts; entered the Continental Congress 
early in 1776; in 1780, was president of the Treasury Board; 
member of Congress, 1789 to 1793; in 1797, was sent to France 
as a special envoy; elected governor of Massachusetts, 1810; 
chosen vice-president of the United States, 1812. His wife was 
a daughter of Charles Thomson, secretary of Congress, and 
native of Ireland. 

Gilbert, Garrit, delivered the St. Patrick's Day oration before 
the Shamrock Friendly Association, New York, in 1818. Dr. 
Macneven presided. 

Gleeson, William, treasurer of the Boston Charitable Irish 
Society ; was among the officers elected in 1832. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 367 

Glover, John, a native of Ireland; member of the Friendly- 
Sons of St. Patrick, New York, as early as 1793; began life 
in this country as a peddler; with about $100 he bought a 
large lot of land on Laurens St., New York, the value of 
which, in 1845, was sa id to be nearer $1,000,000 than $100. 
One of Glover's daughters became a Mrs. Fisher. Another 
married John Adams, an Irishman and dry goods merchant, 
in New York, and president of the Fulton bank. John 
Glover's son Edward married a poor milliner and his mother 
bought a farm of 600 acres in New York State for him. On 
his death, his mother confirmed this property to Edward's 
widow. In 1845 John Glover, the subject of this sketch, was 
estimated to be worth $300,000. 

Goldsmith, Oliver, an Irish poet, novelist and dramatist; 
born in Pallas, County Longford, 1728; died in London, Eng- 
land, 1774; educated at Trinity College, in the Irish capital, 
where he received the degree B.A., in 1749; studied medicine 
at Edinburgh, Scotland, 1752 ; author of " The Vicar of Wake- 
field," "The Deserted Village," "She Stoops to Conquer," 
and many other productions of merit. 

Gordon, Thomas Knox, was in 1773 elected president of the 
St. Patrick's Club, or Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick, 
Charleston, S. C, James Parsons being elected vice-president. 

Graham, David, in 1832 there was a counsellor of the name 
at 18 Beekman St., New York. In 1835, a David Graham was 
of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city. David Graham, 
Jr., was also a counsellor at 18 Beekman st. 

Grant, Daniel, proprietor of Baltimore's leading hostelry, 
the famous Fountain Inn, where Washington and many other 
noted men stopped in those days. In 1790, Grant erected on the 
opposite corner the " New Assembly Rooms." 

Grasse, Count de (Toast to) ; ,,rrived with a French fleet 
on the American coast, 1781. His force included 24 ships-of- 
the-line and a magnificent array of sailors and marines; block- 
aded the James and York rivers to intercept the retreat of Lord 



368 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Cornwallis, and rendered other valuable service. His family 
was financially ruined during the French Revolution, and four 
of his daughters, in dire poverty, came to the United States. In 
1795, Congress voted each of them $1,000. 

Grattan, E., of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 
1835, and probably earlier. In 1832, there was a stationer in 
New York city named Edward Grattan. His place of busi- 
ness was at 8 Rector St., and his residence at 91 Greenwich st. 

Grattan, Henry (Toasts to) ; born in the Irish capital, 1746; 
died in London, 1820; a distinguished Irish statesman, patriot 
and orator; entered the Irish parliament, in 1775, and imme- 
diately became a sturdy champion of his native land; intro- 
duced, in 1780, the declaration of Irish Rights, denying the 
right of the British parliament to enact legislation for Ireland. 
He applauded the stand taken by the American patriots, con- 
demned the tyranny that would crush the latter, and denounced 
the British government's proposition to take 4,000 of its troops 
out of Ireland and send them to fight the Americans. As a 
result of Grattan's zeal the Irish Volunteers were organized 
and in a short time numbered 80,000 men. Their object was 
the legislative independence of Ireland. In 1782, he again 
brought forward his Irish Rights resolution, and the British 
government finally but reluctantly acquiesced in Grattan's de- 
mands. Grattan, although a Protestant, was an earnest ad- 
vocate of Catholic emancipation. His vigorous opposition to 
the act of union between England and Ireland is a matter of 
history. Few St. Patrick's Day celebrations in this generation 
have gone by without the name of Henry Grattan being duly 
honored. 

Gray, Andrew, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, as early as 1826; a steward of the society that 
year. 

Greene, Gen. Nathaniel, a distinguished soldier of the Revo- 
lution; born at Warwick, R. I., 1742; died, 1786; was of 
Quaker stock. He was made a brigadier-general of the Con- 
tinental Army in June, 1775, and a major-general, in August, 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 369 

1776; commanded the left wing at the battle of Trenton, seized 
the British artillery and cut off the enemy's retreat to Prince- 
ton; also participated in the battles of Brandywine, German- 
town, Monmouth, and many other engagements ; sat as presi- 
dent of the court of inquiry on the British spy Major Andre. 
Gen. Greene inflicted such a heavy loss on the British at the 
battle of Eutaw Springs as to prostrate the enemy's power in 
South Carolina. For his services in the war, Congress voted 
Greene a captured British standard, two pieces of ordnance 
taken from the enemy, and a gold medal. The state of Geor- 
gia presented him a fine plantation, while the state of South 
Carolina also gave him a large tract of land. 

Griffin, Martin I. J., an historical writer, Philadelphia, Pa. ; 
born in that city, Oct. 23, 1842 ; a founder of the American 
Catholic Historical Society, Philadelphia; editor and pub- 
lisher of the " American Catholic Historical Researches " ; 
author of a " Life of Commodore John Barry," etc. 

Habersham, Richard W., anniversary orator for the Hiber- 
nian Society, Savannah, Ga., March 17, 1825 ; born in Savan- 
nah, 1786; died at Clarkesville, Ga., 1842; graduate of 
Princeton ; lawyer ; member of Congress, 1839 until his death. 
His son, Alexander W., was an officer in the navy; resigned 
from the service, May 30, i860, and became a merchant in 
Japan. He subsequently engaged in business in Balti- 
more, Md. 

Hagan, John (Toast to) ; an eminent merchant of New 
Orleans, La. He engaged largely in the cotton trade. In a 
toast he is referred to as " the friend of young Irishmen." 
In 1832 there was a John Hagan, merchant, at 3 Exchange 
St., New York. 

Haggerty, John, was estimated in 1845-6 to be a millionaire. 
He began business in New York city as a jobber; later, he 
was the richest auctioneer in the city, with David Austen, the 
firm being Haggerty & Austen. The latter retired and the 
firm then became Haggerty & Sons. It continued to be the 
largest house of the kind in the city until 1844, when Mr. Hag- 
24 



37° 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



gerty, Sr., retired, owing to advanced age. Two of his sons, 
John A., and William, also retired, and the firm dissolved. 
Mr. Haggerty was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York. 

Haggerty, Ogden, son of John Haggerty the above-men- 
tioned millionaire. Ogden was also a member of the New 
York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. After the dissolution of 
the old firm, Haggerty & Sons, auctioneers, Ogden entered a 
new firm — Haggerty, Draper & Jones, auctioneers, corner of 
Pine and William sts., New York. In 1845-6, he was esti- 
mated to be worth $150,000. His brother, John A., was said 
to be worth $200,000, and his other brother, William, $200,000. 
In one work, Ogden Haggerty is mentioned as J. Ogden 
Haggerty. A brother, Clement, is also mentioned. 

Hall, William, president of the Boston Charitable Irish So- 
ciety, 1776. He was probably the William Hall who, with James 
Carr and Capt. James Finney, "executed a bond of the penalty 
of sixty pounds to indemnify the town on account of one 
hundred and sixty-two passengers imported by the said 
Finney in the Snow, Charming Molly." 

Hamilton, Alexander, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, Philadelphia, in 1793; born at Nevis, W. I., 1757; fatally 
wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr, 1804; patriot of the Revo- 
lution; captain of artillery and was at White Plains, Trenton, 
Princeton and other engagements; secretary and aide-de-camp 
to Washington; colonel in command of New York troops; 
captured a redoubt at Yorktown; member of Congress; Secre- 
tary of the Treasury under President Washington; commander- 
in-chief, on the death of Washington, of the Provisional Army 
raised in anticipation of war with France. 

Hand, Gen. Edward, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, and of the Hibernian Society; one of the original 
members of the Society of the Cincinnati; born in Kings County, 
Ireland, about 1744; studied medicine in his native land; became 
surgeon's mate in the 18th Royal Irish Regiment of Foot and 
came to America with it in 1767; he was commissioned Ensign 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



371 



in 1772, but resigned in 1774. He identified himself with the 
cause of Liberty, and in 1775 was made lieutenant-colonel of a 
Pennsylvania corps. From then to the close of the Revolution 
he rendered valiant service in behalf of the young republic. 
He became Colonel, March 7, 1776; and Brigadier-General, 
April 1, 1777. He was highly esteemed by Washington. Hand 
checked Lord Cornwallis at Flatbush, and held Frog's Neck 
bridge against Lord Howe until reinforcements were brought 
up. He cut off the retreat of the Hessians at Trenton and after 
the fall of their commander, Rahl, forced them to surrender. 
He was a Major-General of Pennsylvania state troops in 1794, 
and in 1798 held the rank of Major-General in the Provisional 
Army of the United States. He died in 1802. 

Harden, George, a merchant in 1832 at 18 Cedar St., New 
York city. The name appears on the roll of the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, New York, in 1835. 

Harper, John, a member of the Boston Charitable Irish So- 
ciety, in 1739. The Society was founded in 1737. He was, 
therefore, an early member of it. 

Hart, Dr. George, an Irish physician who settled in Ken- 
tucky about 1787. 

Harvey, Jacob, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, as early as 1830. In 1835, he was one of the 
stewards of the Society, being elected wth John Caldwell, 
Thomas Suffern, Robert Emmet and Alexander Charters. 

Haslett, John (Toasts to) ; a patriot of the American Re- 
volution. He wa^ born in Ireland, and coming to this coun- 
try, became a resident of Delaware ; for several terms a mem- 
ber of the State Assembly; participated in the battles of 
Long Island and White Plains. On one occasion he sur- 
prised a British picket, took 36 prisoners, 60 muskets and 
two pairs of colors; became colonel of a Delaware regi- 
ment, and was killed at the battle of Princeton in 1777. 
His son, Joseph, was governor of Delaware in 181 1, 1814 and 
1823. The name is also found spelled " Haslet." 



372 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



Hays, James, treasurer of the Hibernian Provident Society, 
New York, il 



Heatly, Charles, member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, Philadelphia, and of the Hibernian Society, that city; a 
lawyer in Ireland; came to Philadelphia, Pa., where he con- 
tinued to practice his profession; took the test oath in 1782. 
His will was probated in 1814. 

Heeney, Cornelius, a well-known resident of New York city 
many years ago; a fur merchant in 1801 at 79 and 82 Water st. 
He was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, as early as 1804. In 1808 he was a member of the Stand- 
ing Committee of the Hibernian Provident Society, New 
York. The name is sometimes spelled Heaney. Cornelius 
represented his district in the State Legislature about 1817. 
In 1833 and 1835 the name Cornelius Heeney appears borne 
by a member of the Committee of Charity of the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, New York. 

Henry, Alexander, treasurer of the Hibernian Society, Phila- 
delphia; born in Ireland, 1763; came to America in 1783; a dry 
goods merchant in Philadelphia; died, 1847. 

Herford, G. Charles, secretary of the Hibernian Provident 
Society, New York, 1809, 1810. 

Hicks, William, an honorary member of the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; born in New York, 1735; died in 
Philadelphia, 1772. He became a lawyer; recorder of deeds 
for Bucks County, Pa.; appointed by Richard Penn, in 1771, 
to the Provincial Council. 

Hill, Henry, an honorary member of the Friendly Sons of 
St. Patrick, Philadelphia; born in Maryland, 1732; died, 1798; 
became a merchant in Philadelphia; patriot of the Revolution; 
subscribed £5,000 to aid in supplying the army with provisions; 
member of the Pennsylvania Assembly; justice of the Orphans' 
Court. At one time he was a member of the Hibernia Fire 
Company of Philadelphia. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 373 

Hill, William, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York, 1797- 1804. He was a member of the Society as 
early as 1784. He may have been the William Hill of 
" William Hill & Co.," merchants in Maiden Lane, that city. 

Hobart, Judge, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York, at a celebration in 1786. This was doubtless the 
Hon. John S, Hobart, who was born in Fairfield, Conn., 1738, 
and died in 1805. He graduated from Yale, in 1757 ; practiced 
law in New York state; became judge of the New York Dis- 
trict Court, 1777. After the Revolution, he was one of the 
three judges of the Supreme Court; was elected U. S. Senator 
in January, 1798, but resigned in May to become judge of the 
U. S. District Court, of New York. 

Hogan, Dr. Robert, president of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, 1839-1840, 1841 and 1842. 

Hogan, Michael, a prominent merchant and resident of New 
York city. He was doubtless the " M. Hogan " mentioned 
in the records of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 
in 1805; a native of County Clare, Ireland, born in 1766. Be- 
coming a sea captain, he sailed to all quarters of the globe; 
married an East India lady of great wealth and brought her 
with him to New York in 1804. He is also said to have 
" brought with him in solid gold sovereigns £400,000, equal to 
$2,000,000." Whatever the sum, it is agreed to have been a 
very large one. He embarked in the dry goods trade at 225 
Broadway, on the present site of the Astor House. Later, he 
engaged in a general commission and shipping business. He 
became owner of the whole tract of land from 121st to 127th 
street and west of Bloomingdale Road. The southern part 
of this property he styled " Monte Alta," and the northern 
portion " Claremont," the latter name probably being intended 
to commemorate his native county — Clare — in Ireland. He is 
recorded as giving " the grandest dinners that ever were given 
in this city," entertaining thereat many distinguished people. 
In Barrett's " Old Merchants of New York City," Mr. Hogan 
is described as " the perfect Irish host and gentleman." He 
had one son and three daughters. The son became a member 



374 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



of Congress. Michael, the father, was appointed U. S. Consul 
to Valparaiso. He died at Washington, D. C, in 1833. A 
tablet to his memory may be seen in Grace church, New York 
City. A grand-daughter of Michael Hogan wedded Effingham 
N. Lawrence. 

Holmes, Hugh, a founder and president of the Hibernian 
Society of Philadelphia, and member of the Friendly Sons of 
St. Patrick, that city. In 1786, he was a dealer in cotton goods, 
linens, etc.; was later, of the firm Holmes & Rainey. 

Hone, Philip, a prominent New York merchant; died in 
1851, in his 71st year. He was a man of great public spirit 
and closely identified with the mercantile and general progress 
of the city; became mayor of New York. 

Hopkinson, Judge, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, Philadelphia, in 1784 and 1788. This was probably Francis 
Hopkinson, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He 
was born in Philadelphia, 1738, and died there in 1791; was 
Judge of Admiralty, 1779 to 1789. 

Howe, Gen., a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, in 1781 and 1782. This was, no doubt, Gen. Robert 
Howe, a native of Brunswick, N. C, who early took the field 
in the Revolutionary war. Congress made him a brigadier- 
general in 1776. 

Humbert, Jonas, Jr., a vice-president of the Shamrock 
Friendly Association, New York, 1820; mentioned in Long- 
worth's " N. Y. Directory," 1832-3, as an electrician at 16 
Roosevelt st. Jonas Humbert, Sen., is set down as a baker at 
23 James st. 

Humphreys, Col., a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, Philadelphia, in 1782. This was probably Col. David 
Humphreys, who was born at Derby, Ct., in 1752, and died at 
New Haven, Ct., 1818; entered the army as captain early in 
the Revolution; was major of a brigade in 1777 ;an aide to Gen. 
Putnam, 1778, and was made aide to Washington in 1780. He 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 375 

rendered distinguished service at Yorktown, and was appointed 
to convey the captured British colors to Congress; went to 
France, in 1784, as secretary of legation, and was accompanied 
by the gallant Kosciuszko; went to Portugal, in 1790, as U. S. 
Minister; was appointed Minister to Spain in 1797; assumed 
command of the Connecticut militia, 1812. 

Hunter, James, a founder of the Hibernian Society, Charles- 
ton, S. C, about 1799. 

Hunter, James, was elected president of the Hibernian So- 
ciety, Savannah, Ga., March 18, 1816; was the third to hold 
the office. He was again elected in 1832. 

Hunter, William, a founder of the Hibernian Society, 
Charleston, S. C, about 1799. 

Ingham, Charles, as early as 1828 he was of the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, New York. A portrait painter of the 
name was, in 1832, located at 6y Franklin st. 

Ingoldsby, Felix, a hardware dealer at 281 Pearl st., New 
York; member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city, 
1835. 

Irvine, B., a member of the Shamrock Friendly Associa- 
tion, New York, in 1817. He was one of the " Committee of 
Arangement " for the St. Patrick's Day observance by the 
Association that year. 

Irvine, Gen. Callender, vice president, 1829-1841, of the Hi- 
bernian Society, Philadelphia; was made Commissary-General 
of Purchases, U. S. A., 1812. His father, Gen. William Irvine, 
was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia. 
Gen. Callender Irvine died in 1841. 

Irvine, Gen. William, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia; a native of Enniskillen, Ireland; born, 1741; 
joined the British army, but soon resigned; then studied medi- 
cine and surgery; came to this country about 1764, settling at 
Carlisle, Pa., and practiced medicine there. In 1776, Congress 



376 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

appointed him to the command of the Sixth Pennsylvania regi- 
ment. He was with Wayne and Thompson in the invasion of 
Canada; commanded a brigade at the battle of Monmouth, N. J.; 
was commissioned brigadier-general in May, 1779; was a mem- 
ber of the Continental Congress, 1786-88, and also of the State 
Constitutional Convention, 1790; member of Congress, 1793-95; 
became a major-general of Pennsylvania troops; was a presi- 
dential elector, 1797; and also held many other positions of 
honor; died, 1804. 

Jackson, Andrew, president of the United States ; distin- 
guished general and statesman ; a man of sterling worth. His 
father was a native of Carrickfergus, County Antrim, Ireland, 
and died soon after coming to this country. The family had, 
therefore, to depend on the widowed mother who is described 
as a woman of great sense and splendid benevolence. Andrew 
was born in North Carolina, March 15, 1767. When but a boy 
he entered the army and with his brother was captured and 
consigned to a British prison ship in the harbor of Charleston, 
S. C. Two of his brothers were killed during the war. After 
the Revolution, Andrew practiced law, removed to Nashville, 
was a member of the convention that drafted, in 1796, the state 
constitution of Tennessee; member, in 1797, of the United 
States senate; judge of the Supreme Court of Tennessee, 1798 
to 1804; major-general of the militia of Tennessee, 1798 to 1814; 
conductd a successful campaign against the Creek Indians. In 
January, 1815, he defeated the British at the battle of New 
Orleans, La. The enemy on this occasion was commanded by 
Lord Pakenham, who was mortally wounded in the conflict. 
In the British ranks that day were many veterans who had 
fought under Wellington on the Spanish Peninsula. Paken- 
ham was termed the " hero of Salamanca." For this great 
victory, Jackson received the thanks of Congress, and a gold 
medal was awarded him. In 1817, he carried on a campaign 
against the Seminole Indians which he prosecuted very suc- 
cesfully. In 1821-22 he was governor of Florida, and was 
again a senator of the United States in 1823-4. In 1828, he 
was elected president of the United States, and was reelected 
in 1832. He was made a member of the Hibernian Society of 
Philadelphia, Pa., in 1819. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 377 

Jackson, Daniel, member in 1835 of the New York Friendly- 
Sons of St. Patrick. A merchant of the name was, in 1832, in 
business at 78 Pearl St., that city. 

James, William, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, 1828. William and John James are mentioned as mer- 
chants at 18 South st., New York. 

James, William, Jr., of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York ; a steward of the society in 1830. 

Jay, John, born in New York, 1745; died, 1829; grandson of 
Pierre Jay, a Frenchman of Rochelle who fled to England 
upon the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. John Jay, in 1774, 
married Sarah Livingston. He was a patriot of the Revolu- 
lution ; chief justice of New York ; president of Congress ; 
minister plenipotentiary to Spain ; a commissioner to negoti- 
ate peace with Great Britain; as such, signed the Definitive 
Treaty at Paris, 1783; governor of New York; minister 
plenipotentiary to Great Britain. 

Jefferson, Thomas (Toasts to) ; third president of the United 
States; born in Virginia, 1743; died there, 1826; educated at 
the College of William and Mary; admitted to the bar, 1767; 
member of the Virginia House of Burgesses, 1769 to 1775; a 
patriot of the Revolution; member of the Continental Congress; 
wrote the Declaration of Independence; introduced therein a 
clause condemning slavery, which was stricken out; was instru- 
mental in having the law of primogeniture abolished in Vir- 
ginia; governor of Virginia, 1779 to 1781; in Congress again, 
1783; succeeded Franklin as U. S. minister to France; returned 
and sat in Washington's cabinet as secretary of state; was 
elected president of the United States in 1800 and served two 
terms. 

Johnson, Col. Guy (for sketch, see page 19). 

Johnson, Sir William (for sketch, see page 17). 

Jones, John Paul, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, in 1781 and 1783; born in Scotland, 1747; died in 



378 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Paris, France, 1799; came to Virginia in 1773, having inherited 
the estate of his brother; espoused the cause of Liberty; in 
1775, Congress made him a lieutenant in the navy. It was 
about this time that he added Jones to his original name of 
John Paul; was made captain in the navy, 1776, and became a 
terror to the enemy; descended upon the coast of England and 
landed an American force at Whitehaven, overlooking the Irish 
Sea, and spiked 38 British cannon there. In his flagship the 
" Bonhomme Richard," and a squadron, he met and defeated 
the British 44-gun ship " Serapis." For this exploit he re- 
ceived the thanks of Congress, and a gold medal. After the 
close of the American Revolution, he entered the Russian ser- 
vice, became a vice-admiral, and was knighted. 

Judah, Naphali, a vice-president of the Shamrock Friendly 
Association, New York, 1822. 

Kalb, Baron de (Toast to) ; born in France, 1721 ; became 
a Brigadier-General in the French service, 1747; came to Amer- 
ica, in I777> with Lafayette; was commissioned a Major-Gen- 
eral by Congress the same year; rendered gallant service; was 
killed in battle near Camden, S. C, 1780, receiving eleven 
wounds. 

Kavanagh, Edward, acting governor of Maine, 1842-3 ; born 
at Newcastle, Me., 1795; died there, 1844; educated at George- 
town College, D. C, and Montreal Seminary, Canada; lawyer; 
member of the Maine legislature, 1826-8 and 1842-3 ; secre- 
tary of the State Senate, 1830; member of Congress, 1831 to 
1835 ; member of the commission to settle the northeastern 
boundary of Maine. Governor John Fairfield having been 
elected to the United States Senate, Kavanagh succeeded him 
as governor of Maine. 

Kearney, Daniel, member of the Friends of Ireland, New 
York, in 1832 ; was one of the society's stewards that year. 

Kelly, Dennis S., a vice-president of the Hibernian Provi- 
dent Society, New York, in 1817. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 379 

Kemp, Dr., mentioned in 1805 as a member of the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, New York. Longworth's " N. Y. Direc- 
tory " for 1801 mentions a James Kemp, LL.D., as " in the 
college." 

Kennedy, Bernard, a resident of New York city, or vicinity, 
during the war of 1812-15. He was probably among the 
Irishmen who volunteered for work on the defences. His 
wife is thus mentioned in "The Shamrock" (N. Y.), Sept. 
3, 1814, the extract also being given in another part of this 
work: " During the time, while 1,500 of the sons of Erin were 
lately working at the forts erecting for the defence of this city, 
some women were observed busily employed in laying sods 
and driving pickets. One of them being asked, ' What 
brought you here?' she replied, 'To assist in serving our 
country, I am the wife of Bernard Kennedy, I glory and 
boast of my employment.' We are happy to be thus able 
to designate one of these patriotic females ; believing, as we 
do, that the flame which warms her breast burns also in that 
of a great majority of her country-women." 

Kennedy, John Pendleton (Toast to) ; author and lawyer ; 
born in Baltimore, Md., 1795; died in Newport, R. I., 1870; a 
member of the Maryland House of Delegates, 1820-3, 1846; 
elected to Congress in 1838 and reelected in 1841 and 1843. 
In 1852, President Fillmore made him secretary of the navy; 
became provost of the University of Maryland. 

Kernochan, Joseph, a vice-president of the Friendly Sons of 
St. Patrick, New York, 1829. In 1845, ne was estimated to 
be worth $450,000. He made his money in the Southern trade, 
and was of the firm Kernochan, Parish & Co., 126 Water st., 
New York. 

Kirwan, Walter Blake (Mention of) ; clergyman ; born in 
County Galway, Ireland, 1754; died in Dublin, 1805. 

Knowles, James Sheridan (Toast to) , an Irish dramatist ; 
born at Cork, 1784; died at Torquay, 1862; studied medicine, 
but abandoned it for the stage; wrote " Leo," which was pre- 



380 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

sented by Edmund Kean at Waterford. Knowles' play " Brian 
Boroihme " was written for a Belfast theatre and made a great 
hit; his " Caius Gracchus " was also a noted dramatic success 
and was produced at Belfast in 1815. He wrote " Virginius " 
for Edmund Kean, and among Knowles' other plays were 
" William Tell," " The Hunchback," and " The Wife." Subse- 
quently, he retired from the stage and became a Baptist 
preacher. 

Knox, Andrew, a founder of the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, Mass., 1737. Adam Knox was admitted to the Society 
the same year. A second Andrew Knox became a member in 
1756, as did also William Knox. Robert Knox was admitted 
to the society as a member in 1769. One of these is believed to 
have been the father of Gen. Henry Knox of the Revolution, 
who joined the Society in 1772. A Henry J. Knox became a 
member in 1814. 

Knox, Gen. Henry, of the Charitable Irish Society, Boston, 
Mass., and of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, 
Pa.; after the battle of Lexington, he left Boston in disguise 
and joined the patriot army; was commissioned in November, 
I 775' by Congress, a colonel of artillery; was made a brigadier- 
general in 1776; participated in the siege of Boston; was in the 
battles of Brandy wine, Germantown and Monmouth; a member 
of the board of officers that tried Major Andre, the British spy; 
rendered valuable service at Yorktown; promoted to the rank 
of Major-General; had charge of the disbandment of the army; 
later, retired to private life. In 1785 he was made Secretary 
of War by Congress and in 1789 Washington continued him in 
the office. Knox was one of the founders of the Society of the 
Cincinnati. He died, 1806. 

Kyle, Jeremiah, was a member in 1835 of the New York 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. In 1832, the firm Jeremiah 
Kyle & Co., merchants, was in business at 145 Pearl st., that 
city. 

Lafayette, Marquis de (Toasts to); born in France, 1757; 
died there, 1834; married a granddaughter of the Duke de 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 381 

Noailles; entered the French army as captain in a dragoon 
corps. Upon the outbreak of the American Revolution, he 
determined to aid the patriots; came to this country with about 
a dozen officers, including Baron de Kalb; offered his services 
to Congress and was commissioned a Major-General in 1777; 
a trusted friend of Gen. Washington. At the close of the 
American struggle he went back to France and was made a 
Major-General in the army of that country. He visited the 
United States in 1784, and again in 1824. 

Lambert, Charles, mentioned as a member, in 1833, of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York. There was a 
Charles Lambert in business at 82 William st., that city, who 
resided at 16 Cortlandt st. 

Langton, Lawrence, a member of the Friends of Ireland, 
New York. In 1832, he was one of the stewards of the 
organization. 

Latimer, George, member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, Philadelphia, and of the Hibernian Society, that city. His 
father and grandfather both came from Ireland, in 1736, and 
located in Lancaster County, Pa. George was born at New- 
port, Del., 1750; became a lieutenant-colonel during the Revo- 
lution; speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, 
1794; collector of the port of Philadelphia. 

Laverty, Henry, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, 1825, and perhaps earlier. This was probably the 
Henry Laverty who made a fortune in the dry goods business 
in New York. He retired, and was, in 1845-6, estimated to be 
worth $150,000. He is spoken of as " a very polished man." 

Lawrence, Capt. (Toasts to) ; American naval officer ; Capt. 
James Lawrence was born at Burlington, N. J., 1781 ; died at 
sea, 1813; while in command of the U. S. S. "Hornet," Feb- 
ruary, 1813, he captured the British ship " Peacock." On 
June 1, 1813, while in command of the U. S. S. " Chesapeake " 
he engaged the British ship " Shannon," but after a gallant 
fight was defeated, and mortally wounded. 



382 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Lee, Gideon (Mention of) ; mayor of New York city, 
1833-4; born at Amherst, Mass., 1785; came to New York 
city, 1807, and worked a year selling leather for a tanner of 
Northampton, Mass. In 1808, Mr. Lee went into business 
for himself in the famous " Swamp " district of New York ; 
called his place of business " Fort Lee," and it was the largest 
in the " Swamp " at the time. He lived at 37 Frankfort st. 
In 1817, he organized the New York Tannery Co., the capital 
being $60,000. The members of the company were Gideon 
Lee, Cunningham & McCormick, William Bayard and Her- 
many Le Roy, of New York, and Joseph Xifre, of Cuba. 
Each of the members held $10,000 worth of the stock. They 
bought 1,200 acres in Hunter, Greene co., N. Y., and estab- 
lished a tannery there. Lee was a member of Assembly in 
1822 ; also an alderman and, later, mayor of the city of New 
York. He became president of the Shoe and Leather Manu- 
facturers bank ; was elected to Congress ; became a presi- 
dential elector and voted for William Henry Harrison. Lee 
died in 1841. 

Leech, John (Toast to) ; a humorous draftsman and noted 
artist; born in London, Eng., 1817; son of an Irishman; school- 
fellow of Thackeray; contributed illustrations to many notable 
publications. 

Lemoine, Stephen P., delivered an oration before the Sham- 
rock Friendly Association, New York, at the St. Patrick's Day 
celebration in 1819; was elected president of the organization 
in 1820. 

Levins, Rev. Thomas C, a Roman Catholic priest; arrived 
from Europe, 1822, to take charge of the chairs of mathematics 
and natural philosophy at Georgetown College; was received 
into the diocese of New York a short time before the death of 
Bishop Connolly; noted for his scientific acquirements; was 
twice appointed a member of the Board of Examiners for 
the U. S. Military Academy at West Point ; at one time edited 
" The Green Banner." He is frequently mentioned as present 
at gatherings of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York. 
At a dinner in New York, in 1835, he is mentioned as the chap- 
lain of the Friendly Sons. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 383 

Lewis Family of Virginia, The. Writing on this subject re- 
cently, the Hon. Joseph T. Lawless, lately secretary of state 
of Virginia, said : " Perhaps the most distinguished man of 
Irish birth who identified himself completely with Virginia 
was Gen. Andrew Lewis, who was born in Ireland about 1720, 
and came to Virginia with his parents in 1732. John Lewis, 
the father, Was the first white man who fixed his home in the 
mountains of West Augusta. Andrew Lewis served as a 
major in the regiment commanded by Washington in the 
Ohio campaign of 1754 and 1755. He served with valor in the 
French and Indian wars, and was highly regarded by Wash- 
ington, at whose suggestion he was appointed a brigadier- 
general in the Continental army. Four of his brothers served 
in the Revolutionary war, one of them, Col. Charles Lewis, 
being killed at Point Pleasant. No better evidence of the 
value which Virginia placed on the services of this Irishman 
could be wished than the fact that she deemed his effigy 
worthy to stand for all time beside the immortal group of 
Henry, Mason, Marshall, Nelson and Jefferson, which sur- 
rounds the heroic equestrian statue of Washington in the 
Capitol Square at Richmond. Descendants of John Lewis, 
the father of Gen. Andrew Lewis, are numerous in the State 
at this day. Some of them have been very distinguished men. 
John F. Lewis, who died recently, was Lieutenant Governor 
of Virginia and a Senator of the United States. Lunsford 
L. Lewis, his half-brother, was president of the Supreme 
Court of Appeals of Virginia for 12 years, retiring from that 
office a few years ago." 

Lincoln, Gen., a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, in 1782 and 1783. This was doubtless Gen. Benja- 
min Lincoln; native of Hingham, Mass.; born in 1733; died in 
Hingham, 1810; patriot of the Revolution; was appointed 
Major-General in the Continental Army, 1777; received the 
sword of Cornwallis at the surrender of Yorktown; became 
Secretary of War; lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts; col- 
lector of the port of Boston. 

Linehan, John C, state insurance commissioner of New 
Hampshire; treasurer-general, American-Irish Historical So- 



384 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

ciety ; a native of Macroom, County Cork, Ireland ; born, 
1840; came to the United States in October, 1849; served 
in the Third New Hampshire Infantry during the Civil War; 
member of the city government, Concord, N. H., 1872-3, 
1877-8; member of the council of the Governor of New Hamp- 
shire, 1887-8; prominent in G. A. R. circles; for two years 
commander of the Department of New Hampshire; president 
of the New Hampshire Veterans' Association, two years; 
junior vice commander-in-chief; member of pension commit- 
tee of the National Encampment; director of the Gettysburg 
Battlefield Association for ten years; and a working member 
of the National Encampment for eighteen years or more. He 
was recently New Hampshire's candidate for national com- 
mander-in-chief of the G. A. R. ; many years president board 
of trustees, N. H. State Industrial School ; has written numer- 
ous articles relating to early Irish settlers in this country. 

Livingston, Henry Brockholst, born in New York city, 
1757; died in Washington, D. C, 1823; patriot of the Revolu- 
tion; Captain, Major, Lieut.-Colonel ; aide to Gen. Philip 
Schuyler and to Gen. Arthur St. Clair; was with Benedict 
Arnold at the surrender of the British Gen. Burgoyne ; went 
to Spain with his brother-in-law, John Jay, as secretary. Re- 
turning in 1782, he was captured by a British warship and 
held as a prisoner. After the British had evacuated New 
York, he established himself in that city, and, it is said, dis- 
pensed with his first name; was made a puisne judge, in 1802, 
of the Supreme Court of the State; became an associate jus- 
tice of the U. S. Supreme Court. 

Lowry, William, in 1795 he was major of the first battalion 
of the 27th regiment, Baltimore, Md. His command was 
announced to parade on St. Patrick's Day that year. He 
subsequently became colonel of the regiment. 

Luzerne, Anne Caesar De La, a guest of the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, 1782; born in Paris, 1741; died in 
England, 1791; colonel in the French army; was French minis- 
ter to the United States, remaining here four years; returned 
to France in 1783. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 385 

Lynch, Dominick, member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, as early as 1786; a prominent merchant; was 
of the firm Lynch & Stoughton, New York. A biographical 
sketch of Mr. Lynch was published some years ago in the 
" American Catholic Historical Researches." It was written 
by Richard H. Clarke, LL.D., and treated the subject at great 
length. According to Dr. Clarke, Mr. Lynch was born in 
Galway, Ireland, in 1754. He was a descendant of the eighty- 
four mayors of Galway who bore the distinguished name of 
Lynch. He married his cousin, Jane Lynch, a native of 
Dublin. Shortly after, Dominick and his wife went to reside 
at Bruges, in Flanders, where he established a commercial 
house, a branch of his father's in Galway. He amassed a 
handsome fortune in Bruges and three of his children were 
born there. While engaged in business in Bruges he became 
acquainted with Don Thomas Stoughton, a merchant having 
commercial relations with France and Spain. Eventually, 
Lynch and Stoughton formed a co-partnership for the pur- 
pose of conducting business in America. The articles of co- 
partnership were dated March 10, 1783 ; the capital agreed 
upon was £7,500, of which amount Lynch furnished £5,000 
and Stoughton, £2,500. Stoughton, in pursuance of the agree- 
ment, came to New York city and opened the business house 
of Lynch & Stoughton. Lynch visited London and Galway, 
and in 1785 sailed for America, reaching New York June 20, 
of that year. Stoughton was a bachelor, and Mr. and Mrs. 
Lynch, their three children and a number of servants, went 
to reside with him. Later, Stoughton was made Spanish 
consul at New York. Eventually, differences broke out be- 
tween the partners, the firm was dissolved and each member 
sued the other. These two suits in chancery, Stoughton vs. 
Lynch and Lynch vs. Stoughton, were tried before Chancel- 
lor Kent and after pending for over twenty years, were finally 
decided adverse to Lynch. The latter had to pay Stoughton, 
besides fines and costs, $25,076. After the dissolution of the 
firm, Lynch retired in affluent circumstances largely on ac- 
count of the wealth he had amassed in Bruges. It was said 
of him in New York that " he dispensed a bountiful and re- 
fined hospitality." He was an earnest Catholic, gave liberally 
of his means to forward church work and was one of the rep- 
25 



386 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

resentative men who signed the " Catholic Address " to 
George Washington. It is said of Lynch that upon arriving 
in New York, in 1785, he brought a large amount of specie 
with him and the advent of a man with such extensive finan- 
cial resources created quite a stir. He was at one time 
offered, for what would to-day be considered a ridiculously 
small sum, a farm of twenty acres near City Hall, New York. 
He declined to buy the property, but with the same amount 
of money purchased 697 acres near Fort Stanwix on the Mo- 
hawk river. Before the year 1800 he had increased his hold- 
ings there to about 2,000 acres. As early as 1796, he laid 
this property out in village lots, and called the place Lynch- 
ville. Later, he changed the name to Rome, perhaps in honor 
of the Eternal City. Between the years 1800 and 1820, he 
built a woolen mill, a cotton factory and a saw-mill at Rome, 
which place he had founded. It is said that the southeast 
corner of Fort Stanwix was levelled to make room for a man- 
sion erected by him. In 1797, Dominick purchased an estate 
in West Chester county, N. Y., bordering Long Island 
Sound. Here he built a magnificent stone residence after 
the style of chateaus he had seen in Flanders. This was his 
home for the remainder of his life. He continued to dispense 
" munificent hospitality, took a leading part in the social 
events of the metropolis, and manifested to the end a zeal- 
ous and active zeal in the growth of the Catholic church in 
New York." He died in 1825 and his widow, in 1849. At 
his death, his children were thirteen in number, i.e. — James, 
Anastasia, Anthony, Dominick, Alexander, Margaret, Jasper, 
Jane, Henry, Harriet, Louisa, Edward and William. By the 
marriage of these children, the family has become allied with 
many of the old families of New York and Pennsylvania, in- 
cluding the Tillotsons, Shippens, Leas, Laurences, Nortons, 
Luquers, Pringles, Maitlands, Harveys, Ridgways, etc. 
James Lynch, the oldest of Dominick's thirteen children, re- 
sided in Rome, N. Y., represented Oneida county in the state 
legislature for several years, and was later a judge of the 
Court of Sessions, and of the Marine, now City, Court, of New 
York. Dominick Lynch, 2d, at the time of, and after, his 
father's death became a prominent merchant in New York 
City. This second Dominick was spoken of as " the most 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 387 

fashionable man in New York." He made quite a reputation 
as proprietor of Lynch's Chateau Margeaux, Lynch's Sauterne 
and Lynch's Lucca Oil. It is said of him that he " coined 
money and spent it with the freedom of a prince," and that 
he " went into the best society." He resided on Greenwich 
street " opposite the Battery." He died in 1844. He " was 
a Roman Catholic as his father had been." Dominick Lynch, 
3d, grandson of the first Dominick, was a man of great pub- 
lic spirit, an elegant conversationalist and the possessor of 
musical talents. He became a naval officer, served under 
Perry in the Mexican war, and was also in the Civil War. He 
died in 1884. Dominick Lynch, 4th, was a lieutenant in the 
Fourth U. S. Cavalry and died some years ago. Speaking of 
the Lynches and others, Barrett's " Old Merchants of New 
York City " says : " These Irish families are the cream of the 
cream of the old families here." 

Lynch, Thomas, Jr., a signer of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence; born in St. George's parish, S. C, 1749; died at sea, 
1779. After completing his education, he located on a planta- 
tion on the Santee river. Near the close of 1775, he was 
elected to succeed his sick father in Congress. He himself 
was obliged to leave Congress in the fall of 1776, owing to ill- 
health. Late in 1779, he sailed for Europe, via St. Eustatius. 
The vessel and all on board are believed to have been lost as 
nothing was ever again heard of them. 

Lynch, Ulysses, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia, 1 771; was from the neighborhood of Newry, Ireland, 
and was related to George Maxwell Nesbitt. 

Macdonough, Thomas (Toasts to) ; distinguished American 
naval officer; born at Newcastle, Del., 1783; died at sea, 1825. 
His father, an Irishman, served as an officer in the patriot ranks 
during the Revolution. Thomas, the subject of this sketch, 
became a midshipman, 1800; lieutenant, 1807; commander, 1813; 
defeated the British on Lake Champlain, 1814; was promoted 
to captain for this victory and given the thanks of Congress. 

Mackay, Capt. William, president of the Boston Charitable 
Irish Society, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, and in 1784, 1785, 
1786. 



388 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Macmurphy, John, admitted to the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, in 1738. He is mentioned in the records as a " Donor." 

Macneven, William James, born in County Galway, Ire- 
land, 1763; died in New York, 1841; was educated at Prague 
and Vienna; graduated in medicine, 1784; returned to Ireland 
and joined the patriotic movement; was arrested, in conse- 
quence, and imprisoned for four years; on his release, he pro- 
ceeded to France and became an officer in an Irish corps in 
that country; came to the United States, in 1804, with Thomas 
Addis Emmet; attained great distinction in New York in the 
profession of medicine; in 1808 was made professor of obstet- 
rics in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and later filled 
the chair of chemistry and materia medica; was the author of 
several valuable works; associate editor for three years of the 
" Medical and Philosophical Journal "; president of the Friends 
of Ireland and a recognized leader, generally, of the Irish people 
in New York. 

Macomb, Alexander, president of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, 1791. He is believed to have been the 
Alexander Macomb (father of Gen. Alexander Macomb), who 
with William Constable and Daniel McCormick made extensive 
purchases of land in the state of New York about 1787-1791. 
Mr. Macomb was born at Belfast, Ireland, in 1748; died at 
Georgetown, D. C, 1832. He came to this country in his youth, 
subsequently engaged in the fur business at Detroit and was 
associated with John Jacob Astor, Elias Kane and various other 
people. Removing to New York city, he went into the ship- 
ping business, and land speculation; purchased great tracts of 
land in North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky and New York. 
One of these was known as " Macomb's Purchase " and com- 
prised 3,670,715 acres in northern New York. This purchase 
was made in 1791, and both Daniel McCormick and William 
Constable are believed to have been associated with him in the 
transaction. Gen. Alexander Macomb, his son herein men- 
tioned, entered the army in 1799 as a cavalry cornet, and at 
the outbreak of the War of 1812 was a lieutenant colonel of 
engineers and adjutant-general of the army. He became a 
brigadier-general, commanded the military post on Lake Cham- 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 389 

plain, defeated the British at Plattsburg, Sept. 14, 1814, was 
made a major-general for the exploit, and was thanked by Con- 
gress and awarded a gold medal. In 1835 he became general- 
in-chief of the armies of the United States. Gen. Macomb's son, 
William H., entered the navy in 1834, and in 1862 attained the 
rank of commodore. He was lighthouse inspector in 1871. 

Macomb, John N., member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, as far back as 1805. In Longworth's "Ameri- 
can Almanac, New York Register and City Directory," for 
1801, a John N. Macomb is mentioned as a " merchant," 9 
Duane St., New York. 

Madison, James (Toast to) ; fourth president of the United 
States; born in Virginia, 1751; died there, 1836. His mother 
was Eleanor Conway. Her family is stated to have been 
Irish settlers in Prince Orange County, Va.; James was gradu- 
ated from the College of New Jersey, and studied law; was 
elected to the Virginia Assembly in 1776; became a member 
of Congress in 1779, and was also in Congress, 1789 to 1797; 
was appointed Secretary of State, in 1801, by President Jeffer- 
son; was elected president of the United States. In 1812, he 
declared war against Great Britain; proclaimed a treaty of peace 
in February, 181 5. 

Magee, Capt. James, a member of the Boston Charitable 
Irish Society as early as 1791. This was probably Capt. 
James Magee, a patriot of the Revolution and an intrepid naval 
commander. 

Magee, James, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York, 1817-1820. A James Magee was a well-known 
New York merchant about that time ; one of the incorporators 
of the Society, 1827. 

Maginness, Edward, a vice president, 1832, of the Friends 
of Ireland, New York. 

Magner, John, treasurer of the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, 1804, J 8o5, 1806, 1807, 1808 and 1809. 



39° 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



Magrath, William, founder, in 1817, of St. Patrick's Benevo- 
lent Society, Charleston, S. C. He had previously been a 
member of the Hibernian Society of that city. He was the 
father of the Hon. A. G. Magrath, Governor of South Carolina. 

Magwood, Simon, president of the Hibernian Society, 
Charleston, S. C, 1806 to his death in 1836 or 1837. He be- 
queathed the Society $1,000, the income to be used for char- 
itable purposes. He was born in the County Monaghan, Ire- 
land, in 1763, and arrived in Charleston, S. C, Aug. 1, 1785; 
he was vice president of the Hibernian Society, 1803 to 1805, 
and president as above stated. 

Mahon, Charles, of the Shamrock Friendly Association, 
New York. In 1819, he was secretary of the society. His 
address was given as " 86 Maiden Lane." 

Malcolm, Capt. Daniel, admitted to the Boston Charitable 
Irish Society in 1766; a prominent business man; was " a true 
friend to Liberty, a friend to the Publick, an enemy to oppres- 
sion and one of the foremost in opposing the Revenue acts on 
America." In 1766, he was placed on a committee with Otis, 
Hancock, Adams and seventeen other leading men, to wait 
upon the British governor to seek relief from certain griev- 
ances. He died in 1769. 

Malcolm, Thomas A., a founder of the Hibernian Society, 
Charleston, S. C. 

Marion, Gen. Francis, born in South Carolina, 1732; died, 
I 793> a patriot of the Revolution; served in the defence of 
Fort Sullivan, 1776; at Savannah, 1779, and at the siege of 
Charleston; in 1780 was made a brigadier-general by Gover- 
nor Rutledge of South Carolina. He was a bold and valiant 
leader. Cornwallis, the British general, wrote that Marion 
" so wrought on the minds of the people that there was 
scarcely an inhabitant between the Santee and the Peedee that 
was not in arms against us." 

Marshall, John, a resident of New York, 1762. His house 
was " at Mount Pleasant, near the college." A St. Patrick's 
Day celebration took place at his house that year. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 39 1 

Matignon, Francis A., Roman Catholic priest at Boston; 
was a French exile, forced from home by the Revolution in 
that country. He arrived in Boston, from Baltimore, Md., in 
1792, and at once began active work as a priest; a man of talent, 
devotion and kindliness. He is mentioned herein in connection 
with St. Patrick's Day celebrations in Boston; died, 1818. 

Maturin (Toast to) ; there were two Maturins, father and 
son, both natives of Ireland and both of great literary ability. 
The father, Rev. Charles R. Maturin, was born about 1782 and 
was the author of a number of novels and other works. The 
son, Edward Maturin, was born about 1812; came to the United 
States about 1832, with letters of introduction from Richard 
Lalor Sheil, Thomas Moore and other noted people; studied 
law under Charles O'Conor of New York; was admitted to the 
bar; professor of Greek in a South Carolina College; returned 
to New York and was for many years a professor of Greek, 
Latin, Belles Lettres, etc.; was an author of note; died, 1881. 

Maunsell, Gen. John, was a member of the Friendly Sons of 
St. Patrick, New York, in 1789. He is described as a " Major 
General in his Britannic Majesty's service." Later he is referred 
to as " now in New York City." He may have retired from 
the British service at the close of the Revolution and decided 
to become a permanent resident of the new republic. A 
codicil to his last will, August 2, 1790, gives to his wife Eliza- 
beth certain real estate in Harlem. The witnesses were Hugh 
Gaine, Philip Ten Eyck and Charles Watkins. Gaine was, for 
several years, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York. Gen Maunsell's wife is, in 1793, spoken of as 
widow. This would indicate that the General had died during, 
or before, that year. 

McAllister, Matthew Hall, anniversary orator of the Hi- 
bernian Society, Savannah, Ga., March 17, 1835; born in 
Savannah, 1800; died in San Francisco, Cal., 1865; lawyer; 
practiced in his native city. In 1827, was made U. S. Dis- 
trict Attorney, (which office had also been held by his father 
under President Washington) ; member of the state legis- 
lature; mayor of Savannah; removed to California; in 1855, 



392 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



was appointed U. S. Circuit judge there; degree of LL.D., 
from Columbia, i860. 

M'Beth, Alexander, a vice president of the Hibernian Pro- 
vident Society, New York, 1808 and possibly in other years. 
At one time he resided at " No. 18 Orchard st." 

McBride, James, president of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, 1834. He came from Armagh, Ireland; com- 
menced business in New York city as far back as 1795; promi- 
nent as an importer of Irish linens. As early as 1805, he was 
a ship owner; proprietor of a wharf at the foot of Cortlandt 
street, his business office being at 2 Dey street. He is spoken of 
as " a splendid-looking man." It is said of him that he " was 
a director in banks, insurance companies, and in fact all 
moneyed corporations, where he would consent to have his 
name used." He loaned the United States government $10,000 
during the war of 1812. Died, 1858. In 1845, McBride was 
estimated to be worth $700,000. 

McCafferty, Patrick, a steward of the Friends of Ireland, 
New York, in 1832. 

McCartin, Owen, member of the Committee of Accounts of 
the Shamrock Friendly Association, New York, 1822. 

McCarty, Charles, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, about 1805. There was a grocer of the name at 47 

Cherry St., New York. 

McCarthy, Denis, a vice-president of the Friendly Sons of 
St. Patrick, New York, 1832, 1833, 1834 and probably in other 
years. His first name is also found spelled Dennis, and the 
last name, McCarty. 

McClenachan, Blair, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, Pa.; a native of Ireland; became a prominent mer- 
chant in Philadelphia; one of the founders of the famous First 
Troop of that city; was a member of the Hibernia Fire Co., of 
the Gloucester Fox Hunting Club, and of the Hibernian So- 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 393 

ciety, Philadelphia; an ardent participant in the cause of Ameri- 
can liberty; in 1780, he subscribed £10,000 in aid of the patriot 
army; became an extensive ship owner; fitted out privateers 
during the Revolution; a member of the Pennsylvania As- 
sembly, 1790-95; member of the National House of Represen- 
tatives, 1797-99; was appointed commissioner of loans by 
President Jefferson; died, 1812. 

McClure, Francis, commander of the Republican Greens, 
(riflemen), New York City. This organization was in exist- 
ence as early as 1808. Their uniform is described as consist- 
ing of a light green coat, white pantaloons and a black helmet 
of leather. The command was also known in New York as 
the " Irish Greens." Early in the War of 1812, the " Greens " 
were consolidated with Capt. Stryker's riflemen, by the 
Governor, and designated as the First regiment of New York 
riflemen. McClure was appointed to the command of the regi- 
ment. Stryker's men also wore green coats. Speaking of 
McClure's regiment, R. S. Guernsey, in his work on " New 
York and Vicinity During the War of 1812-15," says: "That 
part of it formerly called the ' Republican Greens ' having ex- 
pressed a desire to aid in the conquest of Canada, they were 
excepted from the command of Lieut. Col. Van Buren, sta- 
tioned on Long Island, and on the 23d of September they 
embarked from New York on board sloops to Albany as volun- 
teers for a six months' service on the Niagara frontier. There 
were five companies under Captains Tate, Powers, H. Walker, 
Dillon, and A. Walker." McClure commanded the regiment. 
Upon arriving at the Niagara frontier, companies from Albany 
and Baltimore were added, thus bringing the regiment up to 
eleven companies. McClure was then in command of the regi- 
ment as Lieut.-Colonel. He served under Gen. Alex. Smyth in 
upper Canada in November, 1812, and was at the head of his 
regiment at the capture of York (Toronto) in April, 1813, and 
at the capture of Fort George, May 27, 1813. McClure com- 
manded the Republican Greens in the Fourth of July parades, 
New York, in 1808, 1809, 181 1 and probably in other years. 
He offered a toast at the St. Patrick's Day observance by the 
Hibernian Provident Society, New York, in 1814. There was 
also a John McClure of New York, who, during the war of 



394 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



1812, was assigned to command the second battalion of the 
97th regiment. 

McCluskey, William, a vice-president of the Shamrock 
Friendly Association, New York, 1822. 

McConnell, James, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, 1805, and probably earlier. As far back as 1801, there 
was a merchant of the name at 4 Depeyster st., New York. 

McCormick, Daniel, founder and for many years president 
of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York; born in Ireland; 
came to this country poor, prior to the Revolution, but amassed 
a large fortune; was a member of the New York firm, Moore, 
Lynsen & Co., auctioneers. At a subsequent period, conducted 
the same business by himself. He had a vendue store on Wall 
street; was a member of the First Presbyterian church, Wall 
street. In 1789 and 1790, he was an alderman, representing 
the East Ward; was one of the first directors of the Bank of 
New York and continued a member of the board for two de- 
cades; was associated with William Constable and Alexander 
Macomb in extensive land speculations. Mr. McCormick was 
a bachelor, but was noted for his hospitality and " strict re- 
ligious principles." As early as 1786, he is mentioned as Grand 
Treasurer of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of 
New York; was a director in the United Insurance Co. Bar- 
rett's " Old Merchants of New York City " states that " Mr. 
McCormick was a glorious example of the old New Yorker " 
and " stuck to short breeches and white stockings and buckles 
to the last." He was a great entertainer, " gave good dinner 
parties and had choice old wines upon the table." He is also 
mentioned as " one of the most polished gentlemen of the city." 
He died in New York, Jan. 31, 1834, and "was the last occu- 
pant of a first-class dwelling on Wall street, since wholly de- 
voted to business." For further mention of Mr. McCormick 
see Chapter X. 

McCormick, David, treasurer of the Hibernian Society, 
Philadelphia, 1796-1797; a merchant in that city; a member of 
the Volunteer Greens, a Philadelphia Troop, in 1794. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



395 



McCormick, Robert, a resident of Boston in 1803. The 
Charitable Irish Society dined that year, as we learn from 
its records, " at Robert McCormick's." 

McDonnell, William, a resident of New York. He gave a 
" Public Dinner " in that city on St. Patrick's Day, 1829. The 
event took place " at the Bowery Long Room, 58 Bowery." 

McDonough, Malachi, of the Hibernian Provident Society, 
New York, in 1817; was a member of the Standing Committee 
that year. 

McDougall, Gen., a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, in 1783. This was doubtless Gen. Alexander Mc- 
Dougall, a native of Scotland; born, 1731; died in New York 
city, 1786; was identified with the Sons of Liberty; colonel of 
the First New York regiment. He was made a brigadier- 
general in 1776; took part in the battles of Long Island, White 
Plains and other actions; became a Major-general in the Con- 
tinental Army and participated in the battle of Germantown; 
member of Congress. 

McEvers, Gulian, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, 1805. Possibly he was related to James and Charles 
McEvers, New York merchants. James was an importer of 
European and Indian goods, at Hanover Square. On the pas- 
sage of the Stamp Act, he was appointed stamp distributor 
in New York, but later resigned the office. He died Sept. 8, 
1768. Charles McEvers was his brother, and died Sept. 4, 
1808. Charles had a place of business near the Meal Market 
where he sold dry goods, teas and Irish goods, as early as 
1759, and was later on Dock st. He was a member, in 1774, 
of the Committee of Correspondence. He succeeded his 
brother in business on the death of the latter. 

McGonigle, Peter, a member, in 18 17, of the Standing Com- 
mittee of the New York Hibernian Provident Society. 

McGrath, Daniel, of the New York Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick. He was probably the coachmaker of the name whose 
place of business was, in 1832, on Elm st., that city, and his 
residence at 348 Broadway. 



396 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Mclntire, Neill, admitted to the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, Mass., in 1743; president of the same. 

Mcintosh, Gen. (Toast to). This was probably Gen. Lach- 
Ian Mcintosh, a patriot of the American Revolution. The lat- 
ter was born in Scotland, 1725; died at Savannah, Ga., 1806. 
His father arrived, in 1736, with Oglethorpe and settled in 
Georgia. Lachlan, the subject of this sketch, became a 
Brigadier-General in the Revolution; took part in the siege of 
Savannah, 1779; was captured by the British, 1780; was a mem- 
ber of Congress in 1784. 

McKean, Thomas, first president of the Hibernian Society, 
Philadelphia; born in Chester County, Pa., 1734; died in Phila- 
delphia, 1817; a signer of the Declaration of Independence; 
member of the Continental Congress, 1774 to 1783; president 
of the state of Delaware 1777 to 1779; Chief-Justice of Penn- 
sylvania; governor of Pennsylvania. 

McKeon, Capt. James, a prominent resident of New York 
City many years ago. He was president of the Hibernian 
Provident Society there as far back as 1817, and he also appears 
as president of the Shamrock Friendly Association, New York, 
about 1819-20 and in 1822. He was a captain in the Third 
U. S. Artillery and participated in the conflict of 1812. In 
a toast at a banquet of the Shamrock Friendly Association, 
in 1822, he is thus mentioned : " Our President, Captain 
James McKeon, who in whatever station he has been placed, 
has always acted with honour to himself, and usefulness to 
the cause of liberty, and suffering humanity, whether defend- 
ing the country of his adoption on the banks of the Niagara, 
or at the head of a philanthropic society * *• *; " father of 
Hon. John McKeon. 

M'Keon, Lieut. P., a member of the Shamrock Friendly So- 
ciety, New York. In 1822 he was elected a member of the 
committee of accounts, of the organization. He was probably 
the Lieut. M'Keon who held a commission in the U. S. army 
during our second war with England. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 397 

McKinley, John, a vice president of the Hibernian Provident 
Society, New York, 1808, and possibly in other years. 

McLane, John, admitted to the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, 1768. This was probably the John McLane who was 
a slater, and who, in 1766, presented a bill for £82 to the town 
for repairs done by him on Faneuil Hall. 

McLaughlin, Peter, in 1835 his name appears on the roll 
of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York. In 1832, 
there were two of the name in that city. Both of them were 
grocers, one being located at 409 Greenwich st., and the other 
pn Elm St., near Franklin. 

McNeil, Robert, admitted to the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, in 1784. In the Boston directory for 1789 is men- 
tioned " Robert McNeil, merchant, 29 Long Wharf." 

McNeil, William, admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish 
Society in 1772. He was probably of the firm William 
McNeil & Son, " rope-makers," who, in 1789, were at " Fort 
Hill, Cow Lane," Boston. 

McNeill, Archibald, admitted to the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, in 1743. He was designated by the Society, in 1770, 
to wait upon Robert Auchmuty with reference to a certain 
bond of the organization. 

McNeill, Capt. Daniel, member of the Boston Charitable 
Irish Society. In 1797, he was on a committee of that organi- 
zation to arrange for an observance of St. Patrick's Day. 

McVickar, John (also written, McVicker) ; a member of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, as early as 1790; born 
in Ireland; arrived in New York when about 17 years of age; 
became a successful merchant; sent to Ireland for his brother 
Nathan. The firm became John & Nathan McVickar, and later 
John McVickar & Co. John became a director of the Bar": 
of New York in 1793 and continued as such until 1810. He was 
also a director of the United Insurance Co., and a vestryman 



398 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

of Trinity Church. He had a country seat at Bloomingdale, 
and was " one of the most sterling men in the city." John Mc- 
Vickar & Co., " were the heaviest importers of Irish linens into 
the New York market." A son of John became a professor in 
Columbia College. 

McVickar, Nathan (also written, McVicker) ; secretary of 
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 1812-1814, 181 5- 
1816; probably the brother of John McVickar. 

Meade, George, a native of Philadelphia, Pa., born, 1741 ; 
died, 1808; son of Robert Meade " a native of County Limerick, 
Ireland"; George in partnership with his brother, Garrett, was 
engaged in the importation of European and East India goods 
as early as 1763; in 1765 he and his brother signed the Non- 
Importation agreement. George joined the Third Battalion of 
Associators in 1775; served on several public committees. Left 
Philadelphia with his family on the advance of the British; re- 
turned after the evacuation by the latter and began business 
again; in 1780 his firm — George Meade & Co., subscribed £2000 
to the bank that had been organized to supply provisions to the 
army; long prominent in Philadelphia mercantile circles; held 
various offices of trust and honor; married Henrietta Con- 
stantia, who was a daughter of Richard Worsam, of Barbadoes ; 
Mr. and Mrs. Meade had ten children. Mr. Meade was one of 
the original members of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia. 

Mease, James, a native of Strabane, County Tyrone, Ireland ; 
brother of John and Matthew Mease; one of the original mem- 
bers of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa.; 
shipping merchant in Philadelphia; member of the Committee 
of Correspondence, 1774; of the Committee of Safety, 17755 
was made paymaster and treasurer of the Continental Army, 
Nov. 10, 1775; was appointed Clothier-General of the army, in 
1777, by Washington; subscribed £5000 to the bank instituted 
to furnish the army with provisions; died, 1785. 

Mease, John, a patriot of the Revolution, native of Strabane, 
County Tyrone, Ireland; brother of James and Matthew 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



399 



Mease; became a shipping merchant in Philadelphia; was a 
member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city, of the 
Hibernia Fire Company and of the Gloucester Fox Hunting 
Club. 

Mease, Matthew, brother of James and John ; born in Stra- 
bane, County Tyrone, Ireland; came to this country early in 
life and located in Philadelphia. An uncle, John Mease, was 
a prominent merchant in that city; Matthew enlisted in the 
navy and was made purser of the " Bonhomme Richard." He 
died in Philadelphia, 1787; was an original member of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, of Philadelphia. 

Meredith, Samuel, an honorary member of the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; born in Philadelphia, 1740; died 
in Luzerne County, Pa., 1817; patriot of the Revolution; con- 
tributed £10,000 to assist the patriots ; member of the Con- 
tinental Congress; treasurer of the United States; advanced 
$140,000 of his own money to the government and was, it is 
asserted, never reimbursed. 

Miffin, Gen., he was a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, Philadelphia, in 1786 and 1793, and of the Hibernian 
Society in 1791. This was, no doubt, Gen. Thomas Mifflin; 
born in Philadelphia, 1744; died at Lancaster, Pa., 1800; mem- 
ber of the first Continental Congress, 1774; was with Gen. 
Washington, at Cambridge, Mass., as aide-de-camp; attained, 
the rank of major-General, 1777; president of Congress; gov- 
ernor of Pennsylvania. 

Miller, Zachariah, first treasurer of the Hibernian Society, 
Savannah, Ga. ; was elected to the position May 11, 1812. 

Mitchell, D. B., governor of Georgia; officially assented to 
the Act of Incorporation of the Hibernian Society, of Savan- 
nah, Dec. 10, 1812. 

Mitchell, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia; vice president of the same; born in Ireland; a mer- 
chant ; was Muster Master-General of the Pennsylvania State 



4QO 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



Navy, 1775-76; Acting Commissary, 1776-1777; lieutenant on the 
"Chatham", 1775; captain of the "Ranger", 1776; was a 
merchant in France after the American Revolution; was later 
U. S. Consul at Santiago de Cuba; admiralty surveyor of Phila- 
delphia. 

Mitchell, Randle, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia, and of the Hibernia Fire Company; born in Ireland; 
a brother of John Mitchell, just mentioned. About 1773, 
Randle moved from Philadelphia to New Jersey. 

Mitchell, William, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia ; first secretary and treasurer of the same ; member of 
the Philadelphia mercantile firm of Carsan, Barclay & Mitchell, 
and later of the firm Barclay & Mitchell. 

Monroe, James (Toasts to) ; fifth president of the United 
States ; author of the Monroe Doctrine. He was born in Vir- 
ginia, 1759; died in New York city, 1831 ; a graduate of the 
College of William and Mary ; patriot of the Revolution ; par- 
ticipated in the battles of Harlem Plains, White Plains, and 
Trenton ; wounded in the latter action, and was promoted to 
a captaincy; also took part in the battles of Brandywine, Ger- 
mantown and Monmouth ; studied law ; member of the Virginia 
Assembly, delegate to Congress, United States Senator, min- 
ister to France, governor of Virginia, envoy to France, U. S. 
Minister to the court of St. James ; secretary of State under 
President Madison; was Secretary of War, 1814-15. He was 
elected President of the United States in 1816, and was reelected. 

Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, a French philosopher; 
born near Bordeaux, 1689; died in Paris, 1755; became president 
a mortier of the parliament of Bordeaux; member of the French 
Academy; author of " De l'esprit des lois," etc. 

Montgomery, Gen. Richard (Toasts to) ; a native of Ireland, 
born near Raphoe, 1736; killed in the attack on Quebec, 1775; 
was educated at Trinity College, in the Irish capital; entered 
the British army and was with Wolfe at the siege of Louisburg 
in 1756; was also with Amherst in the latter's operations against 
the French forts on Lake Champlain, 1759; became a captain 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 40 1 

and was in the campaign against Havana. He sold out his 
commission, purchased an estate at Rhinebeck on the Hudson 
river and wedded a daughter of R. R. Livingston. At the out- 
break of the Revolution, he sided with the patriots, was made 
a brigadier-general by Congress and without loss of time began 
active operations. He invaded Canada, captured St. John, on 
the Sorel river; took Montreal soon afterwards and with great 
energy pushed on and laid siege to Quebec. On Dec. 9, 1775, 
Congress commissioned him a major-general. He invested 
Quebec and on Dec. 31, 1775, bravely attempted to carry the 
city by a direct assault. In the conflict he was slain and the 
success of the Americans was thus prevented. He was buried 
at Quebec, but in 1818 his remains were conveyed to New York 
and interred at St. Paul's church in that city. On this occa- 
sion there was a great parade, in which the leading Irish so- 
cieties of New York participated. 

Montgomery, John, admitted in 1791 to the Charitable 
Irish Society, Boston. The Boston directory for 1789 men- 
tions " John Montgomery, merchant, Woodward's Wharf." 

Montgomery, J. B., treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829. J. Montgomery, 
secretary in 1817-1820 may have been the same individual. 

Moore, Thomas (Toasts to) ; talented and famous Irish poet ; 
born at Dublin, 1779; died, 1852. Among the productions on 
which much of his fame rests may be mentioned: " Odes of 
Anacreon," " Odes and Epistles," " Irish Melodies," " Lalla 
Rookh," and " The Epicurean." He also wrote a " History of 
Ireland." He visited the United States and travelled here, 
1803-4. 

Moorhead, John, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, 1832, 1833. We also find this name spelled 
Moorehead. 

Moorhead, John, a member of the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, as early as 1739. He was born in the vicinity of Bel- 
fast, Ireland, 1703; first pastor of the Presbyterian church in 
26 



402 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



Boston, which was inaugurated in 1727. Several members of 
the Charitable Irish Society were members of this church. 

Morris, Andrew, he is mentioned in 1805 as of the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, New York, and may have been the An- 
drew Morris who had a store at 22 Water st., that city. 

Morris, Robert, an honorary member of the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; a signer of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence. He was born in England about 1734; died in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., 1806. He landed in America when but thirteen 
years of age, and became a wealthy merchant; has been styled 
"the financier of the Revolution"; subscribed £10,000 to the 
bank that had been established to supply the patriot army 
with provisions, and otherwise greatly assisted the government 
with his money and credit. In February, 1781, he was ap- 
pointed, by the government, Superintendent of Finance and 
occupied the position until his resignation in November, 1781; 
became U. S. Senator from Pennsylvania; retired from the 
Senate in 1795. Owing to the dishonesty of a man associated 
with him in land speculation, Morris was financially ruined, 
and was incarcerated in a debtors' prison from Feb. 16, 1798, 
to Aug. 26, 1801. 

Morrison, John, a resident of New York as early as 1808-9; 
is described as " of the house of Morrison & Nixon, William 
street." 

Morton, Dr. Andrew, vice president of the Hibernian Pro- 
vident Society, New York, 1802. An Andrew Morton, prob- 
ably the same, is mentioned as of " the Phcenix Fire Com- 
pany," in 1808-9. 

Moultrie, Gen., a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, in 1782. He was doubtless Gen. William Moul- 
trie; born in South Carolina, 1731; died in that state, 1805; a 
distinguished patriot and soldier; was made a prisoner by the 
British at Charleston, S. C, in 1780, but was exchanged for 
Burgoyne; attained the rank of Major-General; was governor 
of South Carolina, 1785-6 and 1794 to 1796. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



403 



Moylan, Stephen, first president of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa.; born in Ireland, 1734; was a brother 
of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Cork. Stephen came to 
America before the Revolution, and attained notable success 
as a merchant in Philadelphia; enlisted in the patriot army and 
was with the American forces before Boston, 1775; was ap- 
pointed quartermaster-general by Congress, 1776, and placed 
on Washington's staff; later, he resigned this position and re- 
cruited a regiment of horse — the Fourth Pennsylvania Light 
Dragoons; became greatly distinguished as a cavalry leader. 
After the war, Moylan was recorder and register of Chester 
county, Pa., and held other positions of trust and honor. He 
married a daughter of Philip Van Home, colonial governor of 
New Jersey. Moylan's half brothers, John and Jasper, were 
also members of the Philadelphia Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. 
Gen. Moylan died in Philadelphia, 181 1. 

Muhlenberg, Speaker, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, Philadelphia, in 1781 and 1782. This was probably 
Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg who was speaker of the First 
and Second Congresses. He was born at La Trappe, Pa., 1750, 
and died at Lancaster, Pa., 1801. Another prominent man of 
the name was John P. G. Muhlenberg, also a native of La 
Trappe, Pa., who rendered valiant service during the Revolu- 
tion and became a Major-General. He became vice-president 
of Pennsylvania, and U. S. Senator. 

Muir, (Toast to). John Muir was born at Glasgow, Scot- 
land, 1765; died at Chantilly, France, 1798. He was a lawyer; 
elder of the church at Cadder, Lanarkshire, and a man of in- 
fluence. He was identified with the movement for parlia- 
mentary reform and attended meetings in its interest at Kirk- 
intilloch and elsewhere. He took part in the movement's con- 
vention at Edinburgh and there read an address from the 
United Irishmen, which had been transmitted by Archibald 
Hamilton Rowan. In this address pleasure was expressed 
that " the spirit of freedom moves on the face of Scotland, and 
that the light seems to break from the chaos of her internal 
government." In 1793, Muir was arrested on a charge of 
sedition, liberated on bail and subsequently rearrested, tried, 



404 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

convicted, and sentenced to 14 years transportation. He was 
taken to Botany Bay, with T. F. Palmer and others. Sym- 
pathizers in the United States fitted out a vessel, the " Otter," 
and rescued him from his imprisonment. While on a Spanish 
frigate, the latter was attacked by two English ships, Muir 
was wounded and eventually died of his injuries. 

Muldon, Michael, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, 1821-1824, 1825. 

Mullany, James, secretary of the Hibernian Provident So- 
ciety, New York, 1807. 

Murphy, William, a resident of New York city in 1809; 
issued a pamphlet " To the People of the State of New York," 
relative to a political incident that year. He was a member 
of the Hibernian Provident Society. 

Murray, Ham, a member in 1835 of the New York Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick. This was probably Hamilton Murray, 
a merchant at 72 South st., New York. He resided at 
39 Fourth St., that city. 

Murray, Rev. John, admitted to membership in the Boston 
Charitable Irish Society, 1797. There were two Rev. John 
Murrays in Boston or vicinity during the Revolution. One 
of them was an Irishman and the other, of English birth. 
The former was a Presbyterian and was born in Ireland in 
1742. He died at Newburyport, Mass., in 1793. He came to 
America in 1763 and was first located as pastor in Philadel- 
phia, Pa. From 1767 to 1779 he was in Boothbay, Me., and 
from June, 178 1, until his death, in Newburyport, Mass. He 
was very active as a patriot, and so great was his eloquence 
that a full company was raised for the Revolutionary army 
in two hours after his address for that purpose. Rev. Mr. 
Murray had married a daughter of Col. Lithgow of Boothbay, 
Me. Murray was a member of the Provincial Congress held 
in 1775 at Watertown, Mass. He acted at one time as Secre- 
tary of that body and for a short time was president pro tem. 
He was Chairman of the Committee for reporting rules and 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



405 



orders for Congress and the reports bear evidence of his hav- 
ing studied the rules and orders of the British House of 
Comimons. These rules and orders vary but little from those 
now observed by the Legislature of Massachusetts. He was 
a strong Whig and — among the Revolutionary patriots — as an 
orator he had no superior, " in person dignified, and manners 
commanding." Prof. John Smith of Dartmouth College con- 
sidered Murray the best Oriental Scholar that he had ever 
met. At the peace in 1783 he published a statistical sermon 
detailing the expenses of the war to Great Britain. This was 
considered a most wonderful performance, for at that time few 
statesmen had the means of getting at this information." 
The other Rev. John Murray was the founder of Universalism 
in this country. He was born in England, 1741, and died in 
Boston, Mass., 1815. In 1752, his parents removed with him to 
Cork, Ireland. Early in life he was a Methodist, but later 
embraced Universalism. He came to America in 1770, and 
preached in New York, New Jersey, Newport, Boston, and 
other places. In the spring of 1775, he was chaplain in the 
Rhode Island brigade of the American besieging army before 
Boston. It was probably this second Rev. John Murray who 
was elected to the Charitable Irish Society. Though born in 
England, he may have been of Irish extraction on one or both 
sides of the house. 

Murray, Thomas Hamilton, Secretary-General, American- 
Irish Historical Society; editor and historical writer; born in 
Brookline, Mass., May 25, 1857; son of Robert and Margaret 
(McGinnis) Murray; actively engaged in journalism for past 
20 years ; has occupied editorial positions in Boston and 
Lawrence, Mass. ; Providence, R. I. ; Bridgeport, Meriden and 
New London, Conn., and other places. He has written many 
articles on the early Irish in this country and has contributed 
numerous papers, to leading publications, on genealogical and 
educational subjects. On April 13, 1885, he wedded Miss 
Mary H. Sullivan, of Boston. They reside in that city. 

Nanry, Charles M., treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, 1842, 1843-1844, 1845-1848, 1849-1850, 
1851-1852, 1853. 



4 o6 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Nesbitt, John Maxwell, one of the founders of the Friendly- 
Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa.; also a founder of the 
Hibernian Society, that city; born in Ireland; became a mem- 
ber of the Philadelphia firm Conyngham & Nesbitt, later known 
as Conyngham, Nesbitt & Co., and J. M. Nesbitt & Co.; in 
1780, the firm subscribed £5000 in aid of the patriot army. Mr. 
Nesbitt was active in the cause of Liberty; he was a member 
of the Committe of Correspondence, 1774; paymaster of the 
State Navy, 1775; treasurer of the State Navy Board, 1777; 
treasurer of the State Board of War for the land service, 1777; 
one of the first inspectors of the Bank of Pennsylvania; a 
director of the Bank of North America; president of the 
Insurance Company of North America. He died, 1802. 

Niblo, W., of the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
1835. This is believed to have been William Niblo, a well- 
known resident of New York, who was described as " the 
matchless and incomparable Niblo, proprietor of the Niblo 
Gardens, director of operas, vaudevilles, &c. &c, ad infinitum" 
John Niblo was also a member of the Friendly Sons in 1835. 

Nichols, Samuel, in 1832 there was a tin and coppersmith 
of the name at 256 Water st, New York. In 1835, the name 
Samuel Nichols is found among the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, that city. 

Nixon, John, born in Philadelphia, Pa., 1733 ; a son of Richard 
Nixon who was " a native of the County Wexford, Ireland." 
John succeeded his father as a shipping merchant in Philadel- 
phia, and took a leading part in public affairs; was a port 
warden of Philadelphia; manager of the Pennsylvania Hospital; 
a founder of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; an 
active patriot; colonel of Associators; member of the Penn- 
sylvania Committee of Safety, and of the Council of Safety; 
was selected to read and proclaim the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence, to the people, which he did at the State House, 
Philadelphia, July 8, 1776; was appointed by Congress to be a 
member of the Continental Navy Board; subscribed £5000 in 
aid of the army; president of the Bank of North America; 
trustee of the University of Pennsylvania. He died in 1808. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 407 

O'Brien, M. M., of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, Pa., and of the Hibernian Society, that city; was 
"a native of Ireland, a merchant and bon vivant"; was ap- 
pointed U. S. Consul at Algiers; died in France, 1804. His 
will mentions his " two grand-nieces, Mary Sexton and Honora 
O'Brien, of the city of Limerick, Ireland"; among his "par- 
ticular friends " he mentions Gen. Stephen Moylan. He be- 
queathed his books to Bishop Carroll of Baltimore, Md. 

O'Carolan, Turlough (Toasts to) ; frequently styled " Caro- 
lan, the last of the Irish bards"; born in the County Meath, 
Ireland, 1670; became blind in infancy as the result of small- 
pox ; his musical genius was encouraged and cultivated and he 
became a harper; upon marrying, he settled in the County 
Leitrim, Ireland, but later became an itinerant musician on the 
harp; he had much taste and feeling and " composed many 
beautiful airs." He did not learn English, it is said, until late 
in life and never spoke it fluently. He died in 1738 and was 
buried at Kilronan, County Fermanagh. In 1747 an edition 
of his music was published, and another in 1780. A tablet to 
his memory was placed in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. 

O'Connell, Daniel (Toasts to) ; styled " the Irish liberator " 
for his services in behalf of Catholic emancipation; born, 
Aug. 6, 1775, near Cahirciveen, County Kerry, Ireland; died at 
Genoa, Italy, May 15, 1847. A portion of his early education 
was received in Cork. He was afterwards at leading univer- 
sities in France; studied law in London and was admitted to 
the bar in 1798. With Grattan and other brilliant men, O'Con- 
nell opposed the projected legislative union of Ireland and 
England. About 1809, he formally inaugurated the agitation 
for Catholic emancipation, organized the " Catholic Board " to 
direct the movement but this board was later suppressed by 
the British government. In 1823, O'Connell started the Catho- 
lic Association and organized the Catholic Rent. Elected to 
the British parliament, he appeared in that body, in May, 1829, 
but refusing to take the anti-Catholic oath was refused his 
seat. He was reelected and this time permitted to take his 
seat, the objectionable oath having in the meantime been abol- 
ished and Catholic emancipation proclaimed. O'Connell then 



4 o8 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

started a movement for the repeal of the Union, and manfully 
fought for the cause. As an orator, he has seldom been 
surpassed. 

O'Connor, Thomas, recording secretary of the Shamrock 
Friendly Association, New York, in 1822. 

O'Conor, Charles, an eminent lawyer and jurist; born in 
New York City, 1804; son of Irish parents; admitted to the 
bar, 1825; U. S. district-attorney of New York under the ad- 
ministration of President Pierce; was tendered the position of 
Attorney-General of the United States, but would not accept 
the office; acted as counsel for Jefferson Davis; and in the 
Hayes-Tilden presidential contest he was present in the inter- 
ests of the latter. He was one of the ablest lawyers that the 
nineteenth century produced. In 1868, Mr. O'Conor was a 
candidate for the presidency of the United States. 

O'Donnell, Capt. John, of Baltimore, Md. ; made a fortune 
in trade with China; many of his descendants have become 
prominent in Baltimore and New York. 

O'Donnell, Rev. James H., a Roman Catholic priest of the 
diocese of Hartford, Conn. ; rector of St. Mary's church, Nor- 
walk, Conn. ; member o the Executive Council, American- 
Irish Historical Society. His researches have brought to 
light many prominent facts regarding early Irish settlers in 
Connecticut. Father O'Donnell is a true historian, possessing 
the depth and breadth, the insight and discrimination, the 
judgment and impartiality so necessary to correct historical 
research. He is constantly sending forth to the world valu- 
able data relating to the Irish pioneers of Connecticut and 
thus contributing to our knowledge of this important subject. 
Father O'Donnell recently wrote a history of the Diocese of 
Hartford. He is a frequent contributor of historical material 
to the " Catholic Transcript," of Hartford, to " The Recorder," 
of Boston, Mass., and to other publications. His articles are 
based mainly on original research. 

O'Donoju, Don Juan (Toast to) ; born in Spain, about 1755; 
died in Mexico, 1821 ; last Spanish ruler of New Spain, or 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 409 

Mexico; Lieutenant-General in the Spanish service. In 1821, 
was appointed Captain-General or Viceroy of New Spain. 
Signed a treaty with Iturbide for the surrender of Mexico. 

O'Driscoll, Cornelius, a member, in 1801, of the Hibernian 
Society, Charleston, S. C. 

O'Driscoll, Daniel M., now manager of the Western Union 
Telegraph Co.'s office, Charleston, S. C. ; at the breaking out 
of the Civil War, he was a telegraph operator in Petersburg, 
Va. ; enlisted in the Union Army and was detailed to military 
telegraph duty; at the close of the war settled in Charleston; 
recently president of St. Patrick's Benevolent Society, of 
that city. 

O'Flaherty, Thomas J., a Roman Catholic priest; ordained 
at Boston, 1829. See mention elsewhere. 

O'Keefe, George Alexander, delivered the oration at a St. 
Patrick's Day celebration by the Shamrock Friendly Associa- 
tion, New York City, 1820. 

O'Neale, John, a member of the Hibernian Provident So- 
ciety, New York, as early as 1808. In that year he was a 
resident of the Sixth ward. 

O'Neil, Francis, of the Shamrock Friendly Association, 
New York. He was a member of the society's Committee of 
Accounts, in 1822. 

Oliver, John (Toasts to) ; founded a Hibernian Free school 
in Baltimore, Md. 

Orr, William (Toasts to) ; a martyr to the cause of Irish 
liberty; born, 1766, the son of a farmer and bleacher of County 
Antrim, in the north of Ireland; joined the United Irishmen; 
was arrested at the instigation of the British government, and 
found guilty, by a packed jury, of the charge of administering 
the oath of the United Irishmen, it being a " felony " to do so. 
He was sentenced to death on the gallows. 



4io 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



Osborne, Alexander, mentioned as vice-president of a 
gathering in Baltimore, Md., March 17, 1813. 

Osborne, Samuel, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, 1835-1836, 1837. This name is also mentioned 
as Osborn. He was probably the physician of the name at 120 
Fulton st. 

Ossian, also written Oisin, etc., a semi-historical Gaelic 
bard, accredited to about the third century of the Christian 
era; is reputed to have met St. Patrick; a son of Finn Mac- 
Cumhail. The Ossianic poems, as they are termed, are very 
voluminous and are estimated to aggregate 80,000 or 100,000 
lines. They deal largely with events of the Fenian Cycle and 
have long been popular in Ireland and the Scottish Highlands. 

Owenson Miss (Toast to) ; daughter of Robert Owenson, 
an Irish actor; she is said to have been born in Dublin, Ire- 
land, about 1783-5; attended school in or near Dublin; noted 
for her wit, talents and vivacity; possessed a good voice, and 
could play on the harp ; published her first volume in 1801 ; 
wrote verse ; took to fiction and became an author of note ; 
wrote "St. Clair, or the Heiress of Desmond" (1804); the 
"Novice of St. Dominick," (1805); "The Wild Irish Girl" 
(1806). This latter work made her famous, and among her 
Dublin friends, she was afterward called by the name of 
the heroine of the book. Miss Owenson wrote an opera 
which was brought out at the Theatre Royal, Dublin, in 1807. 
She also wrote two volumes of " Patriotic Sketches," and like- 
wise brought out " The Lay of an Irish Harp " ; " Woman, or 
Ida of Athens " ; " Luxima, the Prophetess," etc. She be- 
came the second wife of Thomas Charles Morgan, in 1812, 
and was thereafter known as Lady Morgan. She continued 
her literary work after her marriage and was the author of a 
number of other books. 

Paine, Thomas (mention of) ; a native of England, born, 
1737; died in New York, 1809. We deal solely with his public 
services. He was for a period on the staff of Gen. Greene in 
the Revolution; was secretary to the Committee on Foreign 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 411 

Affairs; clerk of the Pennsylvania Assembly; contributed $500 
to relieve existing distress in the patriot army; assisted Col. 
Laurens in obtaining a loan of $6,000,000 from France. The 
state of New York gave him a farm of 300 acres at New 
Rochelle, and Congress granted him $3,000 for his services 
during the Revolution. 

Palfray, Warwick, a native of Salem, Mass.; born, 1787; 
died in Salem, 1838; for over 30 years editor of the "Essex 
Register " ; member of the City Council of Salem ; also held 
other positions of trust and honor. His son, of the same 
name, succeeded him in business. At a dinner in Salem, 
Mass., on St. Patrick's Day, 1835, by the Friends of Ireland, 
" among the invited guests was Mr. Palfray, the talented 
editor of the ' Commercial Advertiser,' and a true friend of 
democracy and Irishmen." This " Mr. Palfray " was either 
the father or son above mentioned. 

Palmer, (Toast to) ; Thomas F. Palmer was a Unitarian 
minister; born in England, 1747; died, 1802. He became 
pastor in Dundee, and also preached at other places in Scot- 
land. In 1793, he attended a meeting of the " Friends of Lib- 
erty," in the cause of parliamentary reform; was subse- 
quently arrested, on the charge of sedition, and given a seven 
years sentence. He was taken to Botany Bay with John 
Muir and others. Dying in 1802, he was buried near the sea- 
shore. Later, his remains were exhumed by an American cap- 
tain and taken to Boston, Mass., where they were reinterred. 

Parnell (Toast to) ; it is assumed that this was Thomas 
Parnell, an Irish poet; born in Dublin, 1679; died at Chester, 
Eng., 1717; was educated at Trinity College in the Irish capi- 
tal ; married Miss Ann Minchin, 1705. 

Patrick, Saint, son of Calpurnius. The latter was a deacon, 
and also a judge or magistrate of a Roman colony. It 
seems to be generally admitted that St. Patrick was born 
either in Scotland or Armoric Gaul. As in the case of many 
other famous men, various points regarding his early career 
have been, and still are, subjects for controversial discussion. 



4 I2 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

We have no desire to explicitly enter such a discussion, but to 
briefly set forth a few salient points in Patrick's history, such 
as receive general acceptance. Whether there were two or 
more great missionaries bearing the name of Patrick, we shall 
not attempt to decide, preferring to leave that point to the 
antiquarians and hagiologists, past, present and to come. 
According to the generally received narrative, St. Patrick 
when a boy of 16 years of age, was taken captive with a 
number of others, about a.d 403, and conveyed to Ireland 
where he was sold as a slave to Milcho. He tended the lat- 
ter's sheep in Antrim, learned the customs and language of 
the people, and finally escaped and returned to his native land. 
Desiring to convert the Irish people to Christianity, he de- 
cided to fit himself to undertake that great work. He at 
first studied under St. Martin of Tours and later under St. 
Germain of Auxerre. When properly qualified, he proceeded 
to Rome bearing a letter from St. Germain to Pope Celestine 
in which letter he was recommended to the latter. Celestine 
empowered him to proceed to the Irish people and Patrick 
is believed to have reached Ireland about the year a.d. 432. 
It appears to be a well-established fact that Christianity had 
been preached in Ireland before the advent of St. Patrick, one 
of the missionaries so preaching it being named Palladius. 
What progress had been made, however, can only be con- 
jectured. When Patrick arrived, Druidism was the prevail- 
ing religion and was strongly entrenched. It is stated that 
on his way to Ireland, Patrick was informed of the death of 
Palladius and this made him more desirous than ever to 
quickly reach the chosen field of labor. His first landing 
place was near the present town of Wicklow, but he was not 
received in a friendly manner, so he sailed along the coast 
northward toward Dublin. He rested for a brief interval on 
a small island near Dublin, and made a final landing at Lecale, 
in Down. Sixtus III. was then Pope, Celestine having died 
soon after Patrick left Rome, and Theodosius was emperor. 
On his arrival in Ireland, Patrick is said to have been 45 
years of age. The narrative of his proceeding to Slane, about 
nine miles from Tara, his lighting the Paschal fire, the inter- 
view with the Irish monarch and his court on the Royal Hill 
of Tara, is so well known that a detailed recital is not 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 413 

necessary. Patrick labored in Ireland many years, founded 
numerous churches which he placed in charge of disciples, 
and practically converted the entire people to Christianity. 
He died March 17, about a.d. 465, though authorities differ 
as to the year. It is stated that sometime after his arrival 
in Ireland on missionary work, he endeavored to see his old 
master, Milcho, but that the latter declined to meet him. It 
is quite a remarkable fact that though over fourteen cen- 
turies have passed since St. Patrick departed this life, his 
memory is still affectionately cherished by the Irish race. 

Patterson, Samuel, of the Hibernian Society, Charleston, 
S. C. ; vice-president of the same, 1831 to 1837; president, 1837 
to 1839. 

Patterson, William, in 1817 he was a member of the Stand- 
ing Committee of the New York Hibernian Provident Society. 

Patton, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia, of the Hibernian Society and of the First City Troop; 
a native of Sligo, Ireland; born, 1745; died, 1804. Coming to 
this country in 1761, he located in Philadelphia, and became a 
merchant there; identified himself with the patriots; was com- 
missioned major in 1776; Colonel of the Sixteenth Pennsyl- 
vania regiment, 1777, and rendered gallant service during the 
war; subscribed £1000, in 1780, for the army; after the Revolu- 
tion he was an iron manufacturer; at the time of his death he 
held the rank of Major-General of Pennsylvania state troops. 

,Pelham, Henry, became a member of the Boston Charitable 
Irish Society in 1774. 

Pelham, Peter, one of the founders of the Boston Charitable 
Irish Society, 1737. See page 16. 

Penn, John (a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia); a native of that city; died in 1795; governor of 
Pennsylvania until the Revolution; remained true to the British 
crown; was imprisoned by the patriots, because of his refusal 
to sign a parole, and his estate confiscated; was a brother of 
Richard Penn. 



414 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



Penn, Richard, honorary member of the Friendly Sons of 
St. Patrick, Philadelphia; born in 1734; died in England, 181 1; 
a grandson of William Penn, of Pennsylvania; was of a 
very " amiable disposition " and very popular; was lieutenant- 
governor of Pennsylvania from October, 1771, to September, 
1773. He departed for England at the outbreak of the Ameri- 
can Revolution. A short time before leaving Philadelphia, he 
attended a meeting of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city. 
The members were being advised to " hang together " in the 
cause of liberty, whereupon Penn is said to have humorously re- 
marked : " Unless you hang together, you will very likely hang 
separately." 

Penn, William (Toast to) ; the founder of Pennsylvania ; 
born in 1644; died in 1718; a prominent Quaker; son of Admiral 
Sir William Penn, and of Margaret Jasper, his wife, who was a 
Dutch woman. The subject of this sketch was sent, in 1666, 
to Ireland to manage his father's property in Cork, the title to 
which seems to have been in dispute. The son also appears 
later at Kinsale, Ireland, as " clerk of the cheque " at fort and 
castle. Penn attended Quaker meetings in Cork and later be- 
came a minister of that creed. Having returned to England, 
he again went to Ireland on matters of business and was a 
regular attendant at Quaker meetings there. He arrived in 
America in 1682. 

Perry, Oliver Hazard (Toast to) ; the hero of Lake Erie ; 
born at South Kingstown, R. I., 1785; died in Trinidad, W. L, 
1819; son of an Irish mother and a Rhode Island father. Oliver 
received part of his early education from " Old Master " Kelly, 
an Irish pedagogue, at Tower Hill, R. I.; entered the U. S. 
navy, 1799, as a midshipman; participated in the Tripolitan 
War; in the war of 1812, had charge of a gunboat flotilla in New 
York harbor; appointed, in 1813, to command a fleet on Lake 
Erie. On Sept. 10, 1813, he completely defeated the British 
in a naval battle on the Lake. The British force was com- 
manded by Commodore R. H. Barclay who had served under 
Nelson at Trafalgar. The conflict on Lake Erie resulted in the 
capture of the entire British fleet. The victory rendered Perry's 
name immortal. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 4^ 

Persse, Dudley, secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, 183 1, 1832, 1834, 1835-1836, 1838. Mr. Persse 
came to this country from Ireland in boyhood. For many 
years he was in the commission business, in New York city, 
with John Campbell. In 1839, he entered into business with 
Horace Brooks " an enterprising and worthy son of New 
England." The firm was known as Persse & Brooks, and had 
a commission paper warehouse in Nassau St., New York. 
They also owned one of the largest and best paper mills in the 
country, situated at Windsor, Conn. In 1845, the firm was 
estimated to be worth $150,000. 

Peterson, Jacob, a resident of New York in 1808-9. I* 1 tne 
latter year he was described as " the present collector of the 
Sixth ward." 

Phelan, John, an early member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York. His name appears on the roll in 1805 
and perhaps earlier. There was a firm of D. & John Phelan, 
grocers, 89 Front St., New York, about that time. 

Pitt, William (Mention of); styled the "Great Com- 
moner" of England; born, 1708; died, 1778; entered the 
British parliament, 1735, where he was an opponent of Robert 
Walpole. In 1744, the famous Duchess of Marlborough be- 
queathed Pitt a sum equal to $50,000 " for having defended 
the laws of his country and endeavoring to save it from 
ruin " ; later Sir William Pynsent bequeathed him his entire 
fortune. Pitt was vice-treasurer for Ireland, 1741, and sub- 
sequently paymaster of the army and member of the Privy 
Council. In 1757, he was made Secretary of State. Subse- 
quently he was made Earl of Chatham. He opposed the 
movement for American Independence, but favored a con- 
ciliatory policy toward the patriots. 

Plowden, Francis P. (Toast to) ; was born in England, 
1749; died in France, 1829; educated by the English Jesuits 
at St. Omer; published "Jura Anglorum " for which, in 1793, 
Oxford bestowed upon him the degree D.C.L. ; was the au- 
thor of several pamphlets against Pitt ; wrote " Historical Re- 



41 6 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

view of the State of Ireland," a " History of Ireland from its 
Union with Great Britain in January 1801 to October 1810," 
and other works ; settled in Paris ; became a professor there. 

Pollock, Carlisle, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, as early as 1784; was probably a brother of 
George Pollock, who was president of the Society in 1796. A 
Carlisle Pollock, doubtless the same, is mentioned in the New 
York City Directory, 1795, as a merchant, at 11 Whitehall 
street. In the Directory for 1806 he appears as a " merchant, 
No. 54 Greenwich street." He seems to have owned a large 
amount of real estate at Bloomingdale, overlooking the Hud- 
son river. Valentine's Manual for 1855, indicates Carlisle as 
having been one of New York's wealthiest residents about 1795, 
sixty years previously. Carlisle Pollock had a sister, Mrs. 
Betsy Hartigan. Gilbert Stuart painted her portrait, and the 
latter is, or was recently, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 
New York. Mrs. Hartigan is said to have been a famous belle 
in the Irish capital, during the latter part of the eighteenth cen- 
tury. Dr. Hartigan, whom she married, occupied a prominent 
position in Trinity College, Dublin. Carlisle Pollock was a 
member of the council of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York, in 1791, 1792, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797 and likewise, 
probably, in other years. 

Pollock, George, president of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, 1796. This was probably the George Pollock 
who, according to the records of Trinity church, New York, 
wedded Catherine Yates, March 17, 1787. It is stated in the 
New York City Directory, 1795, that George Pollock was a 
" merchant, No. 91 Water street." In the same Directory, for 
1 801, occurs this reference to George Pollock: "house, No. 26 
Whitehall street; store, No. 95 Front street." The New York 
Directory for 1795 also contains the entry: " George and Hugh 
Pollock, merchants, Gouverneur's lane, Water street." In 
January, 1800, George Pollock conveyed a parcel of land at 
Bloomingdale to Cornelia Verplanck, who was the widow of 
Gulian Verplanck, the site being now included in Riverside 
Park. George Pollock is believed to have been a brother of 
Carlisle Pollock, already mentioned. An advertisement ap- 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



417 



pears, in 1786, stating that " George Pollock has received by 
the last ships a complete assortment of Irish linens, for sale at 
his store 193 Water street." 

Pollock, Oliver, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia, and of the Hibernian Society, that city; a native of 
Ireland, born about 1737; arrived in America about 1760, set- 
tling in Carlisle, Pa.; removed to Havana, Cuba, 1762-3; be- 
came an intimate friend of the Governor-General of Cuba, Don 
Alexander O'Reily; removed to New Orleans prior to 1768; 
traded with Spain, France and other countries ; espoused the 
patriot cause in the American Revolution; rendered vast ser- 
vice to the cause of Liberty, and suffered much for his devo- 
tion ; returned to Pennsylvania. 

Ponsonby, George (Toast to) ; a native of Ireland, born 
in 1755; educated at Trinity College, Dublin; became a distin- 
guished lawyer, member of the Irish parliament, and vigorously 
opposed the Act of Union. When the British government pro- 
posed taking troops from Ireland and sending them to fight the 
Americans, Ponsonby with other Irish patriots strongly op- 
posed the measure and said: " If troops are sent abroad with- 
out our consent we are not made parties to the quarrel. If' we 
give consent we take part against America, but to do this would 
be unjust." In 1806, he became Lord High Chancellor of Ire- 
land; died, 1817. 

Power, V. Rev. John, a prominent Roman Catholic clergyman 
of New York; native of Ireland.; born, 1792; educated at 
Maynooth; professor in the seminary of the Diocese of Cork 
and, subsequently, curate at Youghal ; came to New York in 
1819. By the death of Bishop Connolly, the temporary ad- 
ministration of the diocese devolved upon him. He had been 
pastor of St. Peter's church, and was a man of great ability; en- 
couraged the establishment of a paper, " The Truth Teller," which 
appeared in April, 1825, and was managed by George Pardow 
and William Denman. 

Preble, Edward (Toast to) ; distinguished naval officer ; born 
at Portland, Me., April 15, 1761; died there, Aug. 25, 1807; 
27 



4 i 8 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

served on an American privateer in the Revolution; at 18 years 
of age he was a midshipman on the "Protector"; was taken 
prisoner by the British and was, for a time, confined in the 
" Jersey " prison ship. In 1798, he was commissioned lieu- 
tenant; in 1799, captain. In 1803, he commanded the frigate 
" Constitution," and had charge of the squadron sent against 
Tripoli. 

Price, Michael, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York, as early as 1790. His name appears as one of the 
Councillors of the Society in 1791. 

Prince, Christopher, secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, 1807- 1808. 

Pyke, Alexander, secretary of the Shamrock Friendly Asso- 
ciation, New York, 1817, 1818. 

Quincy, Josiah, Jr., born in Boston, 1802 ; became president 
of the Massachusetts Senate, 1842; mayor of Boston, 1845. 
During his incumbency as mayor, that great public measure — 
the introduction of Cochituate water to the city — took place. 
He was treasurer of the Boston Athenaeum, held many other 
positions of trust and honor, and was an eminent citizen 
generally. 

Rabun, William, president of the Senate of the State of 
Georgia, 1812; signed the Act of Incorporation of the Hiber- 
nian Society, of Savannah, that year. 

Rainey, Robert, born in Ireland ; settled in Philadelphia, and 
in 1791 was engaged with Hugh Holmes, in the Irish linen 
trade; a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city, 
of the Hibernian Society, the First City Troop and the Hi- 
bernia Fire Company; died in 1801. 

Ramsay, Dr. David, a native of Lancaster, Pa.; born, 1749; 
died at Charleston, S. C, 181 5. In 1773, at Charleston, he 
began the practice of medicine; espoused the patriotic cause 
and became a surgeon in the service; was taken prisoner by 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 419 

the British in 1780 and closely confined; was a member of 
Congress, 1782 to 1786; president of the same for a year; 
wrote a " History of the Revolution in South Carolina " (pub- 
lished, 1785), and a "History of the American Revolution" 
(published, 1789). These were translated into French and edi- 
tions brought out in France. Dr. Ramsay published, in 1801, 
a " Life of Washington," and in 1809, a " History of the 
United States " to the close of the colonial epoch. He was 
likewise the author of other works. 

Randolph, John (Toast to) ; born in Virginia in 1773 ; a part 
of his education he obtained at Columbia College, New York ; 
was for many years a member of Congress, serving, succes- 
sively, in the House and Senate ; supported Andrew Jackson for 
the presidency; was appointed American minister to Russia; 
died, 1833. 

Rantoul, Robert, Jr., lawyer ; born in Beverly, Mass., 1805 ; 
died at Washington, D. C, 1852 ; member of the state legis- 
lature, from Gloucester, Mass., 1833-37; collector of the port 
of Boston, 1843-45 ; U. S. District Attorney for Massachusetts, 
1845 J U. S. Senator, 185 1. He " sympathized with the masses, 
with whom he was exceedingly popular." 

Rawdon, Francis, commander of the "Volunteers of Ire- 
land " (for sketch, see page 30.) 

Read, Thomas, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia; born in Delaware, 1740; died in New Jersey, 1788; son 
of an Irishman and brother of George Read, a signer of the 
Declaration of Independence. Thomas entered the navy and 
in October, 1775, was made a commander; defended the Dela- 
ware river, in 1776, against the British; was commissioned Cap- 
tain in June of that year and given command of the frigate 
" George Washington," of 32 guns, which was then building. 
While awaiting her completion, he joined the army under Wash- 
ington, and assisted in the crossing of the Delaware; com- 
manded a battery at the battle of Trenton, his brother, James 
Read, also participating in that engagement; afterwards 
rendered valuable sea service. 



4 20 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Redmond, Ignatius, secretary of the Hibernian Provident 
Society, New York, 1808, 1809. He is mentioned as " clerk to 
the house of Stewart & Co., near the Coffee House." 

Redmond, William, in 1835 of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York; was a merchant, located, in 1832, at 29 Pine 
St., that city. 

Reed, Joseph, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, in 1781; born at Trenton, N. J., 1741; died in 
Philadelphia, 1785; prominent lawyer; became Secretary of the 
Province of New Jersey, 1767; removed to Philadelphia; secre- 
tary and aide-de-camp to Washington and accompanied him to 
Cambridge, Mass., in 1775; adjutant-general during campaign 
of 1776. In 1777 he was appointed Chief Justice of Pennsyl- 
vania but declined the position, as he did, also, that of brigadier- 
general; served as a volunteer at the battles of Brandywine, 
Germantown and Monmouth ; was president of Pennsylvania, 
1778 to 1781; assisted in founding the University of Penn- 
sylvania. 

Reyburn, James, president of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, 1843-1844, 1845-1848, 1849-1850. 

Rice, Dr. G. C, was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York city, in 1833 ; a " C. C. Rice " is mentioned 
at a celebration in New York city in 1831. 

Riddle, Dr. John, was elected second vice president of the 
Hibernian Provident Society, New York, March 17, 1802. 

Rivington, James, see pages 28, 29 (footnote). 

Roach, Thomas, member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, as early as 1784; a councillor of the Society in 
1790 and perhaps earlier; president of the Society, 1792. 

Robinson, Thomas, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, and of the Society of the. Cincinnati; was of Irish 
extraction; born in Delaware, 1751; died in 1819; lieutenant- 
colonel in the Revolution, and later judge, in Delaware, of the 
Court of Common Pleas. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



421 



Rochambeau, Count de (Toast to) ; born in France, 1725 ; 
became a distinguished soldier in the French service; was made 
a Lieutenant-General and placed in command of the French 
military force sent to America to aid the patriots; arrived at 
Newport, R. I., 1780; later joined the American army, with his 
command, on the Hudson; rendered brilliant service; was at the 
siege and capture of Yorktown where the Americans and their 
French allies gained such a splendid victory; became a marshal 
of France; died, 1807. 

Rodgers, Commodore John (Toast to) ; distinguished naval 
officer; born in Maryland, 1771; died in Philadelphia, Pa., 1838; 
entered the navy in 1798; was executive officer of the " Constel- 
lation " in the engagement with and capture of, " LTnsurgente," 
1799; commanded the " President," in 1812, and engaged the 
British ship " Little Belt," which finally withdrew from the con- 
flict. On his " long cruise " in 1813, Rodgers captured many 
British merchantmen, and also took the British armed vessel. 
" Highflyer." He caused much excitement by appearing with 
the "'President " in British waters; made a complete circuit of 
Ireland with her. Later, he broke through a British blockad- 
ing squadron off Sandy Hook, and dropped anchor in New 
York harbor. 

Ross, James, a member as far back as 1769 of the Charitable 
Irish Society, Boston, Mass. He was probably admitted that 
year. 

Rowan, Archibald Hamilton, of the Society of United Irish- 
men. He was born in London, Eng., 1751 ; died in 1834. 
Educated at Queen's College, Cambridge, Eng., he came to 
America and, for a time, was secretary to Lord Charles Mon- 
tague, governor of one of the Carolinas. He returned to Eng- 
land, and later married Sarah A. Dawson, daughter of Walter 
Dawson, of the County Monaghan, Ireland. The newly 
wedded couple lived in Paris, France, 1781 to 1784, when they 
removed to Ireland and settled in Kildare. Rowan was a 
member of the Volunteer convention that met in the Irish 
capital in 1784. In 1792, he was arrested on the charge of 
distributing a seditious paper. He was eloquently defended 



42 2 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



by Curran, but was declared guilty and sentenced to pay a 
fine of £500, suffer two years imprisonment, in addition to 
other requirements. It is said that the government fully 
determined to execute him, but he escaped from prison, 
reached France, and eventually came to America, arriving at 
Philadelphia, Pa., in July, 1795. He settled at Wilmington, 
Del.; was subsequently pardoned by the British king; re- 
turned to Ireland, and was an earnest advocate of Catholic 
emancipation. 

Rusk, John, a steward of the Friends of Ireland, New York, 
in 1832. 

Russell, sometimes spelled Russel (Toasts to). Thomas 
Russell, of the United Irishmen, was born in the County Cork, 
1767; became a soldier and went to India; after five years 
service, left India disgusted, it is said, with the rapacity 
and cruelty of English officials there. In 1789, he became 
acquainted with Theobald Wolfe Tone and later with Robert 
Emmet and other Irish leaders. Russell actively engaged in 
advancing the Society of United Irishmen. In 1796, he was 
arrested at the instigation of the British government, together 
with Neilson and other patriots ; confined at Newgate ; trans- 
ferred to Fort George, Scotland, and subsequently liberated. 
Later, he entered with enthusiasm into Robert Emmet's plans, 
was given the rank of General and assigned to Ulster. 
Tracked by a spy in Dublin, he was arrested by Major Sirr, 
and was executed — another victim of British tyranny in Ire- 
land. He was buried in Downpatrick churchyard and over 
his grave was placed a stone slab with the inscription " The 
Grave of Russell." 

Rutgers, Col. Henry (Toast to) ; a patriot of the Revolution ; 
born about 1745; died in 1830; a prominent citizen of New 
York ; engaged in " abundant charities." 

Rutherford, Robert, a member in 1835 of the New York 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. In 1832, a Robert Rutherford 
was in the dry goods business at 83 Pine St., that city. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



423 



Rutledge, Edward, governor of South Carolina; of Irish 
parentage; born at Charleston, S. C, 1749; died, 1800; mem- 
ber of the first Continental Congress ; a signer of the Declara- 
tion of Independence ; member of the first board of war. 

Rutledge, John, brother of Edward, just mentioned; John 
was born at Charleston, S. C, 1739, and died there in 1800; 
an eminent lawyer; member of the Stamp Act Congress that 
assembled in New York city ; member of the first Continental 
Congress; chairman of the convention that framed the state 
constitution of South Carolina; was elected president of the 
state; was chosen governor of South Carolina in 1779; was 
elected Chief-Justice of South Carolina in 1791 ; was appointed 
Chief Justice of the United States. 

Rutledge, William, his name is found on the roll of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, as early as 1805. 
There was a builder of the same name at 185 Water, and 13 
Gold St., New York, in 1801. 

Sampson, William, a member of the United Irishmen ; born, 
1764; died, 1836; was the son of a Presbyterian clergyman; 
when but 18 years of age he received a commission in the Irish 
Volunteers, in Ireland; studied law, and served many of the 
patriots as counsel; the British government decided on his 
arrest, 1798; he escaped to England, but was there seized and 
taken back to Dublin. In 1806, he came to the United States, 
and attained prominence here as a lawyer. He was an author 
of works of interest. A daughter married the Irish patriot 
Theobald Wolfe Tone. 

Sarsfield, Patrick (Toast to) ; Earl of Lucan ; an illustrious 
Irish soldier; espoused the cause of James II. and fought in 
his behalf at the battle of the Boyne and elsewhere; was in- 
strumental in forcing the British to sign the Treaty of Limerick, 
which was soon basely violated by them. Sarsfield entered the 
service of France with many other gallant Irish officers and 
attained distinction in that country. He was mortally wounded at 
the battle of Landen. 



424 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Scott, Gen., a guest of the Hibernian Society, Philadelphia, 
in 1815. This was doubtless Gen. Winfield Scott, who was born 
in Petersburg, Va., 1786, and died at West Point, N. Y., 1866; 
lieutenant-colonel of artillery, 1812; adjutant-general with rank 
of colonel, 1813; brigadier-general, 1814; defeated the British 
at the battle of Chippewa, and at the battle of Lundy's Lane; 
promoted to Major-General; General-in-Chief of the army; con- 
queror of Mexico. 

Scott, Sir Walter, the great Scottish novelist and poet ; born 
in Edinburgh, 1771 ; died at Abbotsford, 1832. 

Searle, James, honorary member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa.; born in New York City about 1730; 
became a leading wine merchant in Philadelphia, his firm, John 
Searle & Co., also having a branch house in the island of Ma- 
deira. They were proprietors of " Searle's Maderia," a famous 
brand in those days. James is described as " one of the great- 
est wits of his time, a high-bred gentleman, and very convivial." 
He passed away about 1799. 

Selfridge, Thomas O., admitted to membership in the Boston 
Charitable Irish Society, 1802; became vice-president of the 
organization. 

Shaw, John, was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, in 1784; one of the Society's councillors in 
1790, 1 791, 1792 and in other years. A John Shaw was, in 
1786, a merchant at 213 Water st. 

Sheares Brothers, The, John and Henry (Toast to). They 
were members of the Society of United Irishmen and died for 
their love of country. They were born in Cork, John in 1766 
and Henry in 1753. Although younger than Henry, John 
appears to have been the master mind. John inherited £3,000 
from his father; was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, 
and graduated in 1787. He was called to the Irish bar; went 
to France and was present at the execution of Louis XVI. 
Henry was also educated at Trinity College, entered the 
army, but in a few years retired and took up the study of 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



425 



law. Arrested for complicity in the movement of the United 
Irishmen, the brothers were tried, declared guilty, and sen- 
tenced to death. They were publicly executed and their 
heads cut off. Curran, the great advocate, who was of their 
counsel, had requested before sentence was passed that the 
trial might be temporarily adjourned, but his request was 
brutally refused. 

Shee, Gen. John, a native of County Westmeath, Ireland; 
came to America between 1742 and 1745, and located in Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

Sheridan (Toast to) ; this was probably Richard Brinsley 
Sheridan, the famous dramatist and orator. He was born 
in Dublin, Ireland, 1751 ; died in England, 1816. He settled 
in London, 1773; entered Parliament; became Under Secre- 
tary for Foreign Affairs, 1782; Secretary of the treasury, 1783; 
treasurer of the navy, 1806; was a favorite companion of 
the English prince regent — George IV. Sheridan's father, 
Thomas Sheridan, was an Irish actor, elocutionist and author ; 
born near Dublin, 1721 ; died in England, 1788. Richard 
Brinsley, Sheridan's grandfather, also named Thomas Sheri- 
dan, was born about 1684 and died in 1738. He was an Irish 
clergyman, and was a favorite of Dean Swift in Ireland. 

Sheys, James B., president of the Friends of Ireland, New 
York, 1832. The name sometimes appears as Shays. 

Sirr, Major (Mention of) ; Henry C. Sirr was born in Dub- 
lin, Ireland, 1756; entered the British army, but later left the 
service and became a wine merchant in Dublin. In 1796, he 
was made acting town-major of Dublin which was the same 
as head-of-police. From that time on, he was agent of the 
Castle authorities. In 1798, he became town-major (not 
merely " acting ") , and took an active part against the Irish 
patriots. He participated in the capture of Lord Edward 
Fitzgerald and was also instrumental in the capture of Robert 
Emmet. 

Sloan, William C, a resident of New York city in 1829. He 
is mentioned as of " No. 338 Broadway." It was stated that 



426 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

tickets could be procured at the latter address for William 
McDonnell's " public dinner " on St. Patrick's Day, that year. 

Sloane, Samuel, became a member of the Boston Charitable 
Irish Society in 1769. Robert Sloane was admitted to the 
Society in 1738, the year following its organization. A Robert 
Sloane is also mentioned as having been admitted in 1762, 
twenty-four years later. 

Smith, Dr. S. H., of the Boston Charitable Irish Society ; in 
1832, was elected Keeper of the Silver Key. 

Spalding, Most Rev. Martin J., Roman Catholic archbishop ; 
born in Kentucky, 1810; died in Baltimore, Md., 1872; or- 
dained to the priesthood, 1834; was made co-adjutor bishop of 
Louisville, 1848; made bishop of Lengone in partibus, the same 
year. On the death of Archbishop Kendrick, he was trans- 
ferred to Baltimore, and installed as archbishop. 

Stark, Gen. John (Mention of) ; a patriot of the Revolution ; 
born at Londonderry, N. H., 1728; died at Manchester, N. H., 
1822; took part in the battle of Bunker Hill; was in command 
of the American vanguard at the battle of Trenton; defeated 
the British at the battle of Hoosick, 1777; cut off Burgoyne's 
retreat from Saratoga; also served in Rhode Island, New Jersey 
and elsewhere; was a member of the court that condemned the 
British spy, Major Andre. 

Sterling, William, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, 1812. In 1809 a William Sterling is mentioned as of 
60 Cortlandt St., New York. There was a firm, James & 
William Sterling, at 43 South st. 

Steuben, Baron (a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, Philadelphia, Pa.); born in Prussia, 1730; died at Steuben- 
ville, N. Y., 1794. When but 14 years of age he participated in 
the siege of Prague; in 1758 he was made adjutant-general, and 
in 1762 was appointed on the staff of Frederick the Great of 
Prussia. Steuben came to America in 1777, and joined the 
American patriot army at Valley Forge; in 1778, was appointed 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 427 

inspector-general, with the rank of major-general; fought in 
the battle of Monmouth as a volunteer; rendered distinguished 
services at Yorktown. At the close of the war the state of 
New Jersey gave him a farm, the state of New York, 16,000 
acres in Oneida county, and the national government presented 
him an annuity of $2500. A mural monument was erected to 
him at the German Reformed church, Nassau street, New York 
City. 

Stevenson (Toast to). John Andrew Stevenson, a noted 
musical composer, was born in Dublin, Ireland, about 1760. 
He wrote much for the Irish stage, producing among other 
work the operas : " The Contract," " Love in a Blaze," " The 
Patriot," " The Burning of Moscow," etc. 

Stewart, Alexander, member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, as far back as 1793. In Lorigworth's 
" American Almanac, New York Register and City Direc- 
tory," for 1801, an Alexander Stewart is mentioned as a mer- 
chant at 11 Duke St., New York. There was a John Stewart, 
the same year, at 4 Duke st. Alexander was a member of the 
council of the Society in 1795, 1796, 1797. 

Stewart, Arthur, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, 1838, 1839-1840, 1841. 

Stewart, Captain, a resident of Baltimore, Md., 1798; men- 
tioned in connection with " Captain Stewart's Irish brigade," 
which took part in a celebration of St. Patrick's Day that year. 

Stewart, Col. Charles, born in County Donegal, Ireland, 
1729; died in Flemington, N. J., 1800; came to America, 1750; 
deputy Surveyor-General of Pennsylvania; patriot of the Revo- 
lution; colonel of a regiment of New Jersey Minute Men; 
colonel of a New Jersey regiment of the Line; served on -Wash- 
ington's staff; member of the Continental Congress, 1784-5. 
Col. Stewart was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, and of the Hibernian Society. 

Stewart, Gen. Walter, born in Ireland, about 1756; settled 
in Philadelphia before the Revolution; espoused the cause of 



42 8 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

the patriots; recruited a company for the Third Pennsylvania 
Battalion and, in 1776, was commissioned Captain; was made 
aide-de-camp to Gen. Gates, the same year; commissioned 
colonel of the Pennsylvania State Regiment of Foot, in 1777; 
participated with his regiment in the battles of Brandywine and 
Germantown; retired in 1786 with the rank of Brevet-Brigadier- 
General. In 1794, he was Major-General of Pennsylvania state 
troops. Gen. Washington was god-father to his eldest son. 
Gen. Stewart's wife was a daughter of Blair McClenachan. 
Stewart was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, and of the Hibernian Society, that city. He died, 
1796. 

Stinson, Edey, his name appears in 1835 on the roll of the 
New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. In 1832, there was 
an Eady Stinson at 26 Cedar St., New York. 

St. Lawrence, Joseph, one of the founders of the Boston 
Charitable Irish Society, 1737. For additional details see page 
16. 

St. Patrick. (See Patrick, Saint.) 

Stuart, Christopher, a native of Ireland, born in 1748; came 
to this country about 1770; settled in Montgomery County, 
Pa.; patriot of the Revolution; an officer in the Pennsylvania 
Line ; successively captain, major, and lieutenant-colonel ; par- 
ticipated in the battle of Long Island, the storming of Stony 
Point and in other engagements; died, 1799. He was a mem- 
ber of the Hibernian Society, Philadelphia. 

Stuyvesant, P. G., attended the dinner of the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, New York, 1835. Peter G. Stuyvesant, who 
was doubtless the gentleman here referred to, was a descend- 
ant of Peter Stuyvesant, one of the Dutch governors of New 
York, who was born in Holland, 1592, and died in New York, 
1682. Peter G., the subject of this sketch, was a native of 
New York city, born 1778; died at Niagara Falls, N. Y., 1847; 
graduated from Columbia College, 1794; a founder of the 
New York Historical Society; president of the same, 1836 to 
1840. His residence " Petersfield " and that of his brother 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



429 



Nicholas, " Bowery House," were built before the Revolution 
and were located on their father's " Bouerie farm." 

Suffern, Thomas, " a respectable Irish gentleman — nephew 
of the venerable Judge Suffern of Rockland County, N. Y., 
deceased." In 1845-6, Thomas was estimated to be worth 
$300,000. The name Thomas Suffern appears on the roll of 
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, as early as 1805. 

Sullivan, Gen. John, a distinguished soldier of the Revolu- 
tion ; born at Somersworth, N. H., 1740 ; a son of Irish parents ; 
member of the Continental Congress ; was made a brigadier- 
general, and participated in the siege of Boston ; became a 
major-general; took part in the battles of Long Island, Tren- 
ton, and Princeton ; commanded the American right wing at 
the battle of Brandywine ; rendered valiant service at the 
battle of Germantown ; repulsed the British at the battle of 
Rhode Island ; attorney-general of New Hampshire ; president 
of the Commonwealth ; appointed U. S. Judge of New Hamp- 
shire by Washington; died in 1795. His brother, James Sul- 
livan, became governor of Massachusetts and was reelected to 
the office. 

Swanton, Robert, president of the Hibernian Provident So- 
ciety, New York, 1802, 1808. In the latter year he is men- 
tioned as of " 44 Cherry st." 

Sweeney, James, a resident of New York city in 1829. He 
was located on " Chatham Row." 

Swift, Dean (Toast to) ; born in Dublin, Ireland, 1667; died, 
1745. His full name was Jonathan Swift, he being styled Dean 
Swift, from the fact that he was Dean of St. Patrick's cathedral, 
Dublin. He became especially famous as a wit and satirist; 
attended school at Kilkenny; entered Trinity College, Dublin, 
in 1682; was the author of several published works, and did 
considerable writing of a political nature. 

Tabb, Nicholas, became a member of the Charitable Irish 
Society, Boston, in 1756; was treasurer of the same, 1766 to 
1771. 



43° 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



Tait, John, Jr., member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York, 1833. The name was born by a saddler at 169 
Water st. 

Temple, Capt. Robert, admitted to the Boston Charitable 
Irish Society, 1740. He came from Ireland in 1717, and settled 
on Noddle's Island, now East Boston, Mass. ; commanded a 
company in a campaign against the Indians. On Noddle's 
Island he occupied a mansion of which it was said that it 
" contained elegant rooms suitable for the reception of per- 
sons of the first condition." 

Templeton, Oliver, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, in 1784; of Templeton & Stewart, vendue 
masters or auctioneers. The partnership was dissolved in 
1783. Templeton is described as " an old merchant of New 
York." His advertisements are found as early as 1764. In 
the N. Y. " Gazette," June 13, 1774, it is stated that " last 
week Mr. Oliver Templeton was married by the Rev. Dr. 
Cooper, President of King's College, to Miss Betty Brown- 
john, daughter of Mr. William Brownjohn, an eminent drug- 
gist in this city." Templeton died in 1792. 

Tew, Charles Courtenay, was colonel of the 2d Regiment 
N. C. State troops in the Civil war. See page 251. 

Thompson, Alexander, a member in 1835 of the New York 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. There was an inspector, of the 
name, with the New York Insurance Co., in 1832. 

Thompson, Gen. William, of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, Philadelphia; a native of Ireland; came to this country 
before the war of the Revolution; was a surveyor; rendered 
valiant service during the French and Indian war; he became 
captain of a troop of Light Horse; was a sturdy patriot of the 
Revolution; led a regiment, in 1775, to the American camp at 
Cambridge, Mass., and participated in the siege of Boston; had 
many sharpshooters in his cammand ; was made brigadier-general 
in 1776; relieved Gen. Lee in command of the American forces 
at New York; commanded eight or ten regiments, in 1776, in 
operations against Canada; was later taken prisoner, but was 
released on parole. He died in 1781. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



431 



Thomson, Charles, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, as early as 1788. This may have been 
Charles Thomson who was for many years secretary of Con- 
gress. The latter was a native of Ireland, and was born Nov. 
29, 1729; died at Lower Merion, Pa., Aug. 16, 1824. He 
landed in this country at New Castle, Del., in 1741 ; received 
a large part of his education from the Rev. Dr. Allison, an 
Irishman. Later, Thomson became a teacher himself; was 
well-learned in the Greek and Latin languages ; took a warm 
interest in the welfare of the Indians. The Delawares hon- 
ored him by " adoption " and termed him a " man of truth." 
He was a thorough patriot and served as secretary of Con- 
gress nearly fifteen years, including the period it held its ses- 
sions in New York city. Samuel Adams referred to him as 
" the soul of the cause of liberty." On April 6, 1789, Thom- 
son was appointed by Congress to proceed to Mount Vernon 
and notify Washington of his election as president of the 
United States. He did so, and returned with Washington 
to New York where the latter was inaugurated. Thomson 
at the age of 45, had married Hannah Harrison, aunt of the 
first President Harrison. 

Tiernan, Luke, a founder of the Hibernian Society, Balti- 
more, Md. ; long president of the same ; a prominent citizen, 
and leading merchant. He was born in County Meath, Ire- 
land, 1757; died in Baltimore, Md., 1839. Coming to the 
United States in 1787, he first settled at Hagerstown, Md., 
but soon after removed to Baltimore. He engaged exten- 
sively in the shipping business, and was the first to engage 
in direct trade between Baltimore and Liverpool. In politics, 
he was a Whig and a great friend of Henry Clay. Mr. Tier- 
nan was a presidential elector and voted, in 1824, for John 
Quincy Adams. He was a member of a delegation to urge 
the Maryland legislature to incorporate the Baltimore & Ohio 
Railroad Co. 

Tilghman, Col., a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, in 1782. This was doubtless Col. Tench Tilgh- 
man. Born in Baltimore, Md., 1744; died there, 1786; was a 
captain in Mercer's Flying Camp; became aide and private 



432 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



secretary to Washington in 1776. He was in many engage- 
ments, and was selected by. Washington to carry to Phila- 
delphia, the news of Cornwallis' surrender. 

Tompkins, Daniel D. (Toasts to) ; governor of New York, 
and vice-president of the United States; born in Westchester 
County, N. Y., 1774; died on Staten Island, that state, 1825; 
a graduate of Columbia College; lawyer; elected to Congress 
in 1804, but did not take his seat, resigning to accept a position 
on the bench of the New York Supreme Court; resigned from 
the bench in 1807 to be a candidate for governor of the 
state; was elected by 4000 majority; supported President Jeffer- 
son's foreign policy; was reelected governor in 1809, 181 1, 1813 
and 181 5. He was very active in the war of 1812, and im- 
mensely popular with the masses. In a short time he had 
40,000 state troops raised and equipped ready for the field; 
displayed tremendous energy throughout. President Madison 
offered him a seat in the cabinet, but the offer was declined; 
in 1816 was nominated for vice president of the United States, 
and was elected; was reelected in 1820. 

Tone, Theobald Wolfe (Toasts to); an Irish patriot; born 
in 1763; became a member of the Irish parliament; joined the 
Society of United Irishmen; was obliged to flee from Ireland; 
went to France; negotiated with the Directory of that country 
and succeeded in getting it to organize an expedition for the 
invasion of Ireland. The command of this expedition was given 
to Hoche. A great storm interfered with its success, however, 
and little was accomplished. Tone accompanied the expedition 
as adjutant-general, holding a French commission. He was 
captured by the British and, despite the fact of his being a 
French officer, was condemned to death. The government 
never had the satisfaction of executing him, however, as he 
took his own life by opening a vein, as a result of which he bled 
to death. Tone was " generous, chivalrous, brave and talented 
in the highest degree," is a tribute paid him. 

Tracy, Patrick, admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish 
Society, 1737. He is stated to have been Patrick Tracy, 
a resident of Newburyport, Mass. The latter was an Irish- 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



433 



man who came to this country young, poor and friendless, 
but who became an opulent merchant of Newburyport. He 
was a large shipowner, and during the Revolution fitted out 
many privateers. He owned so much real estate that it was 
said he could travel from Newburyport to Washington and 
sleep every night, en route, in his own house. When 
Arnold's expedition against Canada, in 1775, was quartered 
in Newbury, the officers were entertained at dinner by Na- 
thaniel Tracy, Patrick's son. In some of the records the 
name is spelled Tracey. Patrick's daughter wedded a Mr. 
Jackson, who was later a member of Congress. Their son, 
Patrick Tracy Jackson, became a manufacturer, and was one 
of the founders of Lowell, Mass. The house erected by 
Patrick for Nathaniel, in 1771, is now used for the public 
library of Newburyport. It is of brick, with wide halls and 
stairways. Visitors are shown a portrait of Patrick Tracy 
in his dress of the olden time. Down stairs are also shown 
the room where Washington was received by the Tracys in 
1789, also the room where Lafayette was entertained in 1824. 

Trenor, Dr., of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 
1830. Longworth's " N. Y. Directory " for 1832, mentions 
James Trenor, M.D., and dentist, 20 Grove st. John Trenor, 
M.D., and dentist, was located at 4 College Place. 

Truxton, Capt., a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, in 1782. This was probably Capt. Thomas Trux- 
ton of the navy, who was born at Jamaice, L. I., 1755, and died 
at Philadelphia, 1822. He was lieutenant of the privateer 
" Congress," 1776; commanded the " Independence," 1777, and 
captured several prizes, from the enemy, off the Azores. He 
was made captain of the frigate " Constellation " in 1794. In 
1798-99 he defeated two French men of war, " L'Insurgente " 
and " La Vengeance." 

Tufts, John, became a member of the Boston Charitable) 
Irish Society in 1773; was "keeper of the Silver Key" of the 
Society about 1774. 

Usher, Luke, mentioned in 1832 as a dealer in mineral 
waters at 224 Fourth St., 12 Wall St., and 251 Broadway, New 
28 



434 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

York. He was of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city, 
in 1835 and probably earlier. 

Vallancey, Gen., also rendered Valiancy, Valency, and 
Valencey, (Toasts to). Charles Vallancey was born at 
Windsor, Eng., in 1721 ; died at Dublin, Ireland, in 1812. He 
joined the engineers; in 1762, became " engineer in ordinary " 
in Ireland ; became lieut.-general in 1798. While engaged in 
a military survey in Ireland, he became greatly interested in 
Irish history, antiquities and language. In 1772, he pub- 
lished an " Essay on the Celtic Language," accompanied by 
a grammar of the Irish tongue. An improved edition of the 
grammar was brought out in 1778. It was called " A Gram- 
mar of the Iberno-Celtic or Irish Language." His last work 
was entitled : " Prospectus of a Dictionary of the Language 
of the Aire-Coti or Ancient Irish." It appeared in 1802. 
Vallancey was secretary to the Society of Antiquaries of Ire- 
land in 1773. 

Verplanck, Gulian C, guest at St. Patrick's Day celebra- 
tions in New York; a native of New York city; born, 1786; 
died, 1870; was graduated from Columbia College in 1801; be- 
came a leading lawyer ; member of the New York legislature, 
1820; member of Congress, 1825 to 1833; State Senate, 1838-41; 
was for many years president of the board of emigration com- 
missioners at New York; vestryman of Trinity church, that 
city; a governor of the city hospital for many years; vice chan- 
cellor of the state university. His father, Daniel C. Verplanck, 
born 1761, had also been a member of Congress and served 
from Oct. 17, 1803, to March 3, 1809. 

Vila, James, a resident of Boston, 1799. The Charitable 
Irish Society purposed observing St. Patrick's Day, that year 
by a dinner " at James Vila's," on Monday, March 18. 

Waddell, Robert R., secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, 1784-1788, 1789-1790, 1791, 1792, 1793- 
J 794> 1795, 1796, 1797-1804, 1805, 1807-1808, 1809-1810, 181 1. 
This may have been Robert Ross Waddell, who had been a 
member of the important house of Greg, Cunningham & Co. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 



435 



Later, in 1778, he was in the grocery trade on King street, and 
in 1790, was located at 61 that street. 

Wallace, William, as early as 1804 a member of the New 
York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. He was probably William 
Wallace of William Wallace & Co., prominent merchants, 208 
Pearl st., that city. 

Warren, J., of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 
in 1835. Five Warrens whose first name began with " J " 
were located in New York city in 1832. They were: James 
Warren, grocer, 60 Front st. ; John Warren, broker, 46 Wall 
St.; John G. Warren, broker, 46 Wall St.; Joseph Warren, 
carpenter, 207 Grand st., and Joshua Warren, ship carpenter, 
243 Delancey st. 

Warren, Sir Peter, an Irishman, born, 1702; died in his 
native country, 1752; entered the British navy, 1727; in 1745 
commanded the expedition against Louisburg, being assisted 
by a land force under Gen. Pepperell. Warren was then a 
commodore. He became a rear-admiral. In 1747, he gave 
battle to the French off Cape Finisterre and inflicted a severe 
defeat upon them. He wedded the eldest daughter of Stephen 
De Lancey, of New York, and became the possessor of much 
land in the Mohawk region. Warren was an uncle of Sir 
William Johnson. The town of Warren, R. I., was named in 
his honor. 

Washington, George, first president of the United States; 
born in Westmoreland County, Va., Feb. 22 (O. S., 11), 1732; 
died at Mount Vernon, Dec. 14, 1799. He was made an 
" adopted " member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia, Pa., December, 1781. Washington dined with the 
Friendly Sons, just mentioned, on at least three occasions, viz: 
Jan. 1, 1782; March 18, 1782, and June 18, 1787. 

Washington, Major, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, Philadelphia, in 1783. This was doubtless William Augus- 
tine Washington, a kinsman of Gen. George Washington. Wil- 
liam was born in Virginia, 1752, and died in Charleston, S. C, 



436 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

1810; was a cavalry officer in the Revolution; served under 
Mercer as a captain in the Virginia Line; took part in the 
battles of Long Island, Trenton and Princeton ; became a lieu- 
tenant-colonel ; active in the South ; displayed great valor at 
the Cowpens; participated in the battles of Hobkirk's Hill 
and Eutaw Springs. 

Watson, James, in 1805 a member of the New York 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. There was a merchant of the 
name, about that time, at 6 State st., New York. James Wat- 
son, Jr., was a merchant at 44 Broad st. 

Wayne, Gen. Anthony, a member of the Friendly Sons of 
St. Patrick, Philadelphia, and of the Hibernian Society. His 
father was a native of Ireland. Anthony was born in Chester 
co., Pa., about 1745-6, organized a volunteer corps at the out- 
break of the Revolution; in 1776 was appointed by Congress 
to the command of a regiment; took part in the operations 
in Canada; was in command of the army at Ticonderoga; 
commissioned a Brigadier-General by Congress; commanded 
a division at the battle of Germantown, and greatly distin- 
guished himself at the battle of Monmouth. In 1779, by a 
brilliant assault, he recaptured Stony Point from the British, 
being wounded in the attack. For this exploit, he received the 
thanks of Congress, and a gold medal. He was again wounded 
in the Yorktown campaign. After the war, he returned to 
Philadelphia, became a member of the Council of Censors, and 
of the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention. Later, Wash- 
ington gave him command of the Army of the West, in the 
operations against the Indians ; was a member of the Society of 
the Cincinnati; died, 1796. 

Wayne, Hon. James M., was invited to attend the banquet of 
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 1833. He was 
born in Savannah, Ga., 1790 ; died at Washington, D. C, 1863 ; 
was graduated from Princeton, 1808; became a lawyer; mem- 
ber of the state legislature of Georgia; mayor of Savannah; 
judge of the Superior Court; member of Congress. Andrew 
Jackson appointed him, in 1835, associate justice of the U. S. 
Supreme court. 



BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 437 

Weaver, Captain, a resident of Baltimore, Md., 1798. In 
connection with a celebration of St. Patrick's Day in Balti- 
more that year, it is noted that " at eleven o'clock Captain 
Stewart's Irish brigade and Keating's Irish grenadiers, ac- 
companied by a detachment of Captain Weaver's artillery, 
with two pieces of cannon, marched to Federal Hill and fired 
three volleys in honor of the day." 

West, William, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia; vice-president and president of the same; born in Sligo, 
Ireland, and settled in Philadelphia, Pa., prior to the Revolu- 
tion; dry-goods merchant; a friend of Benjamin Franklin. 

Wheaton, Eber, of New York city. At a St. Patrick's Day 
banquet there, in 1831, under the auspices of the " Friendly 
Sons of Ireland," [correctly, perhaps, the Friends of Ireland], 
he and Thomas Addis Emmet were vice-presidents, and Dr. 
William J. Macneven was president. 

Whelen, Rev. Michael, an Irish Franciscan priest who was 
sent to Kentucky as a missionary, arriving there in 1787. 

Whitaker, Benj., speaker of the Georgia House of Repre- 
sentatives, 1812; signed the Act of Incorporation of the Hi- 
bernian Society, of Savannah, that year. 

White, Campbell P., president of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, 1835-1836, 1837 and 1838; a member of the 
Society as early as 1833. 

White, John Campbell, a founder of the Hibernian Benevo- 
lent Society, Baltimore, Md., 1803. He was grandfather of 
the Hon. William P. White of Maryland. 

White, Robert, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, 1833. He may have been the Robert White who, about 
that time, was cashier of the Manhattan bank, 145 Chambers 
st. Robert White, Jr., was a merchant at 273 Pearl st. 

Wier, Robert, Jr., admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish 
Society in 1792. Robert Wier & Sons were merchants at 39 
Long Wharf, Boston. 



438 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 

Wilkinson, Gen. James (Toasts to) ; born in Maryland, 1757; 
died in Mexico, Dec. 28, 1825; was made a captain in Reed's 
New Hampshire regiment at Cambridge, Mass., in the spring 
of 1776; participated in the battles of Trenton and Princeton; 
served under Gates as Adjutant-General and carried to Con- 
gress an account of the capture of Lord Burgoyne; was brev- 
etted brigadier-general and made secretary of the board of war. 
In July, 1779, he became clothier-general to the army. From 
1796 to 1798 he was General-in-Chief of the army, and likewise 
from 1800 to 1812. He was governor of Louisiana Territory 
from 1805 to 1807; took part in our second war against Eng- 
land and succeeded Gen. Dearborn in command of the northern 
frontier. 

Wilson, Capt. Alexander, became a member of the Chari- 
table Irish Society, Boston, Mass., in 1768; in 1779 was on a 
committee of Boston merchants to fix the prices of certain 
commodities. 

Wilson, James, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, in 1793; born in Scotland, about 1742; died in 
North Carolina, 1798; a signer of the Declaration of Independ- 
ence; a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; pro- 
fessor of law in the University of Pennsylvania. 

Wilson, John, was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, New York, in 1828; treasurer of the Society in 1830 
and 1831. 

Wilson, Sir Robert T. (Toast to) ; a British general and 
author; born in London, 1777; died there, 1849; i n the Penin- 
sular War commanded the Lusitanian Legion and a Spanish 
brigade; member of Parliament; governor of Gibraltar. 

Woodward, John, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York, 1815-1816. 

Wright, Francis, admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish 
Society, in 1784; was vice-president of the same, 1791, 1792 and 
1793- 

Wright, John W., treasurer of the Shamrock Friendly Asso- 
ciation, New York, 1822. 



ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 

Alexander, Sarah W., a native of Newry, Ireland; born, 
1768; wedded Christopher R. Perry, of Rhode Island, and be- 
came the mother of Oliver Hazard Perry, the American naval 
commander who defeated the British on Lake Erie. Speak- 
ing of Sarah (Alexander) Perry, A. S. Mackenzie, in his life 
of Commodore O. H. Perry, says that her friends in Ireland 
" had been involved in the Irish rebellion. She herself, had 
felt a lively interest in the cause of liberty and had listened 
with deep interest to every account she had heard [in Ireland] 
of battles and skirmishes in the neighborhood. She took a 
pleasure in recounting * * * the achievements of her 
countrymen and always insisted that they were the bravest 
people in the world. These narratives fired the mind of Oliver 
[one of her sons] and created a desire in him to pursue the pro- 
fession of arms." She " to great strength of character, added 
high intellectual power and rare social grace, training her 
children with extraordinary care to high ideals of life and 
duty." It is said of her that she fitted Oliver " to command 
others by teaching him early to obey." Oliver received much 
of his early education from Old Master Kelly, an Irish school 
teacher at Tower Hill, South Kingstown, R. I. This vener- 
able instructor had taught the youth of that neighborhood for 
a long period. During Oliver's term at the school, Master 
Kelly was compelled to retire owing to old age. 

Andre, John, a British soldier born in London, 175 1; was 
executed as a spy at Tappan, N. Y., 1780. In the autumn of 
1775, he was taken prisoner by Gen. Montgomery. Subse- 
quently, he served on the staff of Gen. Gray and later on that 
of Sir Henry Clinton, by whom, in 1779, he was made adjutant- 
general of the British army in America. Under the name 
" John Anderson," Andre engaged in secret negotiations with 
Gen. Benedict Arnold for the surrender of West Point to the 
(439) 



440 ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 

British. On his way back to New York city, in Sept. 1780, 
after an interview with Arnold, he was intercepted by three 
young patriots — John Paulding, David Williams and Isaac 
Van Wart. They searched him and in his stockings found 
treasonable documents given him by Arnold. Andre was 
arraigned as a spy before an American military court con- 
sisting of six major-generals and eight brigadiers. He was 
found guilty, sentenced to be hanged and the sentence was 
carried out. He was buried where executed. In 1821, his 
remains were exhumed, taken to England and reinterred in 
Westminster Abbey. 

Arnold, Gen. Benedict, born in Norwich, Conn., 1741 ; died 
in London, Eng., 1801 ; early in the Revolution, he rendered 
valiant service in the cause of Liberty, but later became a 
traitor and planned to surrender West Point to the British. 
Upon the exposure of his plot, he fled to New York city, where 
he took refuge with the enemy. He had been a brigadier- 
general in the Patriot army and received a like commission 
from the British. He took up arms against his countrymen 
and fought in favor of the Crown. He later went to England, 
was received by the king, and finally settled in London. 

Barnwell, John, a native of Ireland ; born about 1671 ; died 
about June, 1724, at Beaufort, S. C. ; a soldier; was sent by 
Gov. Craven of South Carolina with a force of 600 men to pun- 
ish the Tuscarora Indians who had formed a conspiracy in 1712. 
He accomplished the object of his expedition. He was sent 
to England in 1722 as agent of South Carolina. His grandson, 
Robert, was a patriot of the Revolution. 

Barry, Patrick, born in Ireland, 1816; became a prominent 
horticulturist; arrived in America in 1836; entered the employ 
of Prince & Co., nurserymen, Flushing, L. I., N. Y. In 1840, 
he formed a partnership with George Ellwanger, at Rochester, 
N. Y. This firm eventually owned the largest nurseries in the 
country. Mr. Barry edited the " Genesee Farmer," from 1844 
to 1852 and the " Horticulturist " from 1852 to 1854. He pub- 
lished a " Treatise on the Fruit Garden," and prepared the 
valuable " Catalogue of the American Pomological Society." 



ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 



441 



Bell, John, a native of Ireland, born, 1796; died, 1872; came 
to the United States, 1810; graduated at the University of 
Pennsylvania, 1817; was for years a lecturer on the institutes 
of medicine, in Philadelphia; professor in a medical college 
in Ohio. 

Berkeley, George, a native of the County Kilkenny, Ireland ; 
born, 1684; died, 1753; has been styled "the Kilkenny 
scholar"; became Dean of Derry (Anglican), in 1724. He 
had a project to establish a missionary college in Bermuda for 
the purpose of converting the American Indians to Chris- 
tianity, and came to Newport, R. I., in 1729, to further his 
plans and await promised financial aid from abroad. He! 
purchased a farm near Newport, called his residence theron 
Whitehall, and quickly became the intellectual leader of the 
Rhode Island colony. The promised funds for his projected 
college not arriving, he relinquished his idea, returned to the 
Old World in Sept., 1731, and three years later was made 
Bishop of Cloyne, in Cork, declining, many years after, to be 
translated to the see of Clogher. He was the author of " Al- 
ciphron, or the Minute Philosopher," and of various other 
works. The poem " Westward, the Course of Empire takes 
its way " was written by him. 

Blaine, James Gillespie, an American statesman of Irish 
descent; born in Washington, Pa., 1830; died, some years ago; 
removed to Maine, early in life, and became editor of the Port- 
land " Advertiser " ; elected to Congress in 1862, and five times 
re-elected ; was chosen speaker of the National House of Rep- 
resentatives in 1869, and again in 1871 and 1873; was appointed 
United States Senator, in 1876, and later; was Secretary of 
State in the cabinet of President Garfield. In 1884 Mr. Blaine 
was nominated for president of the United States, but was de- 
feated. He again entered the cabinet as secretary of State, 
this time under President Benjamin Harrison. 

Blakeley, Johnston, distinguished American naval officer; 
a native of Ireland; born, 1781; lost at sea, 1814. He was 
brought, when but two years of age, to this country by his 



442 



ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 



father, John Blakeley, who settled in Wilmington, N. C. In 
1790, Johnston was sent to New York city, where he spent 
five years in study. In 1796, he matriculated at the University 
of North Carolina; entered the navy as a midshipman, 1800; 
became lieutenant, 1807; commanded the "Enterprise," 1813. 
July 24, 1813, was appointed to command the " Wasp," and 
sailed on a cruise in her from Portsmouth, N. H., May 1, 1814. 
On June 28, he captured the British ship " Reindeer " after a 
spirited action of nineteen minutes. Sept. 1, he met the 
British brig " Avon," and forced her to surrender. Sept. 21, 
he captured the brig " Atalanta." He was made a captain, 
Nov. 24. On Oct. 4, the " Wasp " was spoken by a Swedish 
ship, and that was the last ever heard of her. She is supposed 
to have foundered. 

Broderick, David C, born in Washington, D. C, 1820 ; died 
near Lake Merced, Cal., 1859. His father was from Ireland 
and was at one time employed on the stone work for the 
National Capitol. The family removed to New York in 1823, 
where in time David C, the subject of this sketch, became 
connected with the volunteer fire department, and attained 
political influence. In 1846, he was a Democratic candidate 
for Congress, from New York, but was not elected. He went 
to California in 1849, was a member there of the Constitutional 
convention; was elected to the State Senate in 1850 and 1851; 
became president of that body. In 1856, he was elected U. S. 
Senator from California ; was mortally wounded in a duel with 
David S. Terry, chief justice of the Supreme Court of Cali- 
fornia. 

Buchanan, James, president of the United States; born near 
Mercersburg, Pa., 1791 ; died at Lancaster, Pa., 1868; son of an 
Irishman; graduated at Dickinson College, 1809; began the 
practice of law, 1812; elected to the Pennsylvania House of 
Representatives, 1814; re-elected, 1815; elected to Congress, 
1820; was appointed by President Andrew Jackson as U. S. 
Minister to Russia, about 1831-2; was elected a United States 
Senator from Pennsylvania, 1834; secretary of state in the 
cabinet of President James K. Polk; was inaugurated president 
of the United States, March 4, 1857. 



ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 443 

Calhoun, John C, son of Patrick and Martha (Caldwell) 
Calhoun. The father was a native of Ireland and the mother 
a native of Virginia, her father being of Irish birth. John C. 
became a distinguished lawyer ; was elected to Congress ; be- 
came secretary of war under President James Monroe ; in 1824, 
Calhoun was elected vice-president of the United States. In 
1844, he became secretary of state. He was born in the Abbe- 
ville District, S. C, 1782 ; died, in Washington, D. C, 1850. 

Casserly, Eugene, born in Ireland, 1822; died in San Fran- 
cisco, Cal., 1883. When but two years of age, he was brought 
to New York by his parents; the father was a teacher and 
young Casserly received an excellent training; graduated at 
Georgetown College, D. C. ; became a lawyer in New York; 
was corporation attorney, 1846-7; removed to San Francisco, 
Cal., where he continued the practice of his profession, and for 
a time edited a paper. He was elected United States Senator 
from California in 1869. 

Cassidy, William, born in Albany, N. Y., 1815; died there, 
1873; a prominent journalist. His father, John Cassidy, came 
from Ireland and settled in Albany about 1780. William, the 
son, became a lawyer; was State librarian, 1840-2; became 
part owner and sole editor of the Albany " Atlas," 1843. I n 
1856, the "Atlas" and the "Argus" were united with Mr. 
Cassidy as editor. He changed the name back to the " Argus," 
in 1865, and formed a stock company; he was elected to the 
Constitutional Convention. 

Clinton, Charles, a native of the County Longford, Ireland; 
born, 1690; died in what is now Orange county, N. Y., 1773; 
sailed from Ireland for Philadelphia, Pa., May 20, 1729, he 
and a party of relatives and friends having chartered a ship 
for that purpose. The voyage was a long one, many deaths 
occurred en route, a son and a daughter of Clinton being 
among those who perished. Either through accident or de- 
sign, the captain, instead of taking them direct to Philadelphia, 
landed them on Cape Cod, Mass. It is stated that during the 
voyage, the captain's conduct became so unsatisfactory that 
a plan was entertained to deprive him of the command. This, 



444 ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 

however, was not carried out. In the spring of 1731, the sur- 
vivors of the party settled in Ulster County, N. Y., sixty miles 
north of New York city and six miles west of the Hudson 
river. Clinton there engaged in farming and land survey- 
ing. He became a county judge, was lieutenant-colonel in 
Oliver De Lancey's regiment, March, 1758, and served under 
Col. Bradstreet at the siege and capture of Fort Frontenac. 
Of Charles Clinton's sons, Alexander graduated at Princeton, 
in 1750, and became a physician; Charles, another son, was a 
surgeon in the army that took Havana, 1762; James and 
George are spoken of on page 348 of this volume. 

Conness, John, a native of Ireland, born in 1821 ; came to the 
United States at thirteen years of age; worked in New York 
city as a pianoforte maker; went to California in 1849, engaged 
in mining and became a merchant; elected to the California 
legislature; elected to the U. S. Senate and was a member 
thereof from March 4, 1863 to March 4, 1869. Later, he 
removed to Massachusetts. 

Connor, Patrick E., born in Ireland, 1820 ; educated in New 
York city; participated as a soldier in the Florida war; later 
engaged in mercantile business in New York ; settled in Texas, 
1846; at the breaking out of the war with Mexico, he was 
made a captain of Texas volunteers ; took part in the battle of 
Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and Buena Vista ; was severely 
wounded in the latter engagement; after the war, he removed 
to California; in 1861, raised a regiment there and proceeded 
to Utah to prevent a threatened Mormon revolt and to chastise 
plundering Indians on the overland routes. In 1863, he was 
commissioned brigadier-general; later, he received the brevet 
rank of major-general ; was mustered out in 1866, and engaged 
in mining interests. 

Conway, Eleanor, married James Madison and became the 
mother of James Madison, president of the United States. 
The latter was born at Port Conway, Va., March 16, 1751. 
His mother was also spoken of before her marriage as Nelly 
Conway. She is stated to have been of a family of Irish 
settlers who located in that part of the country. 



ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 



445 



Duane, James, first mayor of New York City after its evac- 
uation by the British. His father was an Irishman. James 
was born in New York city, 1733; died at Duanesburg, N. Y., 
1797. He had inherited a tract of land at Duanesburg and 
established a settlement thereon in 1765. He became a law- 
yer, and married a daughter of Col. Robert Livingston ; was a 
member of the Continental Congress during its entire period 
of existence. He returned to New York, after the British had 
departed, and served as mayor from 1784 to 1789. He was 
also elected to the State Senate and held other positions of 
prominence. He was a man of great ability and was highly 
esteemed. 

McKeon, John, born in Albany, N. Y., 1808; died in New 
York city, 1883; graduated at Columbia, 1825; became a prom- 
inent lawyer ; member of the State Legislature, 1832-34 ; mem- 
ber of Congress, Dec. 7, 1835, to March 3, 1837, and from May 
31, 1841, to March 3, 1843; district attorney of the County of 
New York; U. S. district attorney for the Southern district 
of New York. 

O'Conor, John Michael, a native of New York; lieutenant in 
the Third U. S. Artillery, 1812; later, regimental quarter- 
master ; was made captain in the Spring of 1813 ; June 20, 1814, 
he was appointed assistant adjutant-general under Gardner, 
on Gen. Brown's staff, and held the rank at the time of the 
battle of Chippewa, in which he participated. He left the 
army in 1821. He translated, in 1824, for the U. S. Military 
Academy at West Point, Guy de Vernon's " Science of War 
and Fortifications." 

O'Conor, Thomas (also written O'Connor) ; born in Dublin, 
Ireland, 1770; died in New York city, 1855; came to the 
United States in 1801 ; was associated with William Kernan 
and others in establishing a settlement in Steuben County, 
N. Y., on a tract of 40,000 acres; eventually abandoned the 
project, and located permanently in New York city; devoted 
himself largely to literary and journalistic pursuits; estab- 
lished, in 1812, the "Military Monitor"; also established the 
" Shamrock," and the " Globe." He was the father of Charles 
O'Conor, the great jurist. 



446 ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 

O'Rielly, Henry, born in Carrickmacross, Ireland, 1806; ap- 
prenticed to the publisher of the New York " Columbian," 
where he learned the art of printing. The " Columbian " was 
a political supporter of De Witt Clinton and a strong advocate 
of the Erie canal. O'Rielly, when but 17 years of age, be- 
came assistant editor of the New York " Patriot." In 1826, 
he was made editor of the Rochester, N. Y., " Daily Adver- 
tiser." In 1834, he became chairman of the Executive Com- 
mittee of Rochester on Canal Affairs, and at that and other 
times, greatly interested himself in the Erie canal. In 1838, 
he was appointed postmaster of Rochester. He originated 
a project for establishing a telegraph system, to be 8,000 miles 
in length and to connect leading sections of the country east 
of the Mississippi. He was an active patriot throughout the 
Civil War and took a vigorous part in behalf of the preserva- 
tion of the Union. He had also been greatly interested in rail- 
road matters. About 1838, he brought out a work entitled: 
" Sketches of Rochester, with Incidental Notices of Western 
New York." A member of the New York Historical Society 
for many years, and presented the latter many works of 
interest. 

Patterson, Elizabeth, born in Baltimore, Md., 1785; died 
there, 1879. William Patterson, her father, came from the Irish 
province of Ulster when a boy, and became one of the wealth- 
iest citizens of Maryland. Elizabeth, the daughter, wedded 
Jerome Bonaparte, the ceremony being solemnized by Arch- 
bishop Carroll. 

Paulding, John, one of the captors of Major Andre; born 
in 1758; died at Staatsburg, N. Y., 1818; was made a prisoner 
by the British three times during the Revolution and had 
escaped, the second time, but a few days before he participated 
in the seizure of Andre. The corporation of New York city, 
in 1827, erected a marble monument near Peekskill, N. Y., to 
his memory. 

Polk, James K., president of the United States; born in 
Mecklenburg, N. C, 1795 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., 1849. He 
was of Irish descent, the name originally having been Pollock. 



ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 447 

The surname Pollock appears on the rolls of the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, New York, the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, and of the Hibernian Society of the latter city. 
James K. Polk, the subject of this sketch, was graduated at the 
University of North Carolina, 1818. He became a member of 
the legislature of Tennessee; was sent in 1825 as a delegate 
to Congress ; was speaker of the national House of Representa- 
tives, 1835 to 1837, and in 1839, his total service in Congress 
comprising a period of fourteen years; strongly favored the 
annexation of Texas; was nominated in 1844 by the Demo- 
cratic National Convention for president of the United States 
and was elected to that position. 

Seagrove, James, a merchant ; at one time a member of the 
New York Chamber of Commerce. In 1775, he was Captain- 
Lieutenant in an Independent Company of Foot, called the 
Royal Artillery ; was one of the addressers of Gen. Lord Howe 
in Oct. 1776; was later spoken of as "disaffected" to the 
Crown; went southward. 

Sloan, Samuel, became a member of the New York Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick in 1843; was president of the Society in 
1857-8; attended the banquet of the Friendly Sons in March, 
1902, and was the recipient of cordial greetings, he being the 
oldest living president of the organization. Mr. Sloan has 
been president of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western R.R. 
Co., and also of the New York, Lackawanna & Western. 

Van Buren, Martin, president of the United States ; born at 
Kinderhook, N. Y., 1782; died there, 1862; became a lawyer; 
elected to the State Senateof New York,i8i2; attorney-general 
of New York, 1815 to 1819; leader of the "Albany Regency," 
a political body, which held control of the State for nearly 
two decades; elected to the United States Senate, 1821 ; mem- 
ber of the State Constitutional Convention ; again U. S. Sen- 
ator in 1827; governor of New York, 1828; became Secretary 
of State in President Andrew Jackson's cabinet, 1829; was 
elected President of the United States in 1836 and inaugurated 
in 1837. 



448 ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES , 

Wallace, Alexander, a native of Ireland; came to America 
and became prominent as a merchant; was of the firm Hugh & 
Alexander Wallace, New York, extensively engaged in the 
Irish trade; a member of the New York Chamber of Commerce; 
was loyal to the Crown; his property was confiscated. He 
had a son Hugh. 

Wallace, Hugh, second president of the New York Chamber 
of Commerce ; a native of Ireland ; came to New York, and at- 
tained great prominence as a merchant. The New York " Mer- 
cury," Oct. 23, 1753, has an advertisement which reads : " Just 
Imported, a large Assortment of Irish Linnens, and to be sold 
cheap by Hugh Wallace, at his Store in New — Dutch — Church 
Street." On July 31, 1758, he advertises: "To be sold at 
Private Sale, by Hugh Wallace, The Snow La Faveur, lately 
a French Privateer, with or without her Guns and Warlike 
Stores as the Purchaser pleases. If said Vessel is not sold 
before she will be sold at Publick Vendue at the Coffee House 
on Tuesday, the 8th of August, next. Said Wallace has a large 
Parcel of Fyall Wines to dispose of which he will sell reason- 
ably." The same year, Wallace applies for commissions for 
captains of the ship " Terrible," 10 guns, and the snow " Mon- 
tresor," also of 10 guns. In 1760, he married Miss Sally Low, 
daughter of Cornelius Low of Raritan, N. J. He became a 
member of the King's Council, of New York, and remained in 
the office until the downfall of British power in New York. 
Alexander Wallace was his brother. 



A GENERAL INDEX. 



Abbe de la Poterie, of Boston, 36. 

Abercrombie, Rev. Dr., 232. 

Academy of Fine Arts, The Amer- 
ican, 347-348. 

Academy, The French, 400. 

Academy, The Royal Irish, 346,359. 

" A Century of Dull and Leaden 
Tyranny" in Ireland, 6. 

" A club of Irish gentlemen met 
at each other's houses," 250. 

" A crowd of Irish soldiers went 
by this afternoon, with one on 
horseback representing St. Pat- 
rick," 20. 

" Act of Union " between Eng- 
land and Ireland, 345, 368, 417. 

Act to Incorporate the Hibernian 
'of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
Society of Savannah, Ga., 258, 259. 

Adams, John, an Irishman who be- 
came prominent as a dry goods 
merchant in New York, 329, 367. 

Adams, Samuel, patriot of the 
American Revolution, 114, 329, 

431. 

" A day of general festivity in the 
American army " (St. Patrick's), 
23- 

Address by G. C. Verplanck, 205. 

Address by Governor Edward Ev- 
erett, of Massachusetts, to the 
Boston Charitable Irish Society, 
267, 268, 269. 

Address by Secretary Pyke, 194. 

Address by the Very Rev. Dr. 
Power, 206. 

Address of William Murphy, in 
1809, " To the People of the 
State of New York," 309, 310, 
311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 
318. 

Address presented by " Naturalized 
Irishmen " of New York to De 
Witt Clinton, 347. 

Address to Andrew Jackson, Pres- 
ident of the United States, by the 
Charitable Irish Society, 36, 40, 
41, 42, 43; by the Shamrock 
Friendly Association, 308. 

Address to Washington on behalf 

29 



rick, Philadelphia, 221; address 
on behalf of the Catholics of the 
United States, 386. 

" A dinner of five hundred covers 
partaken of by the Volunteers of 
Ireland " (in New York), 30, 31. 

" A distinguished Irishman," the 
Earl of Gosford,a visitor in Bos- 
ton (in 1838), 273. 

" Adopted Citizens " addressed by 
" A Son of Erin " (in 1810), 305. 

Advertisement in 1753 by Hugh 
Wallace of New York, 448. 

" A famous belle in the Irish capi- 
tal," 416. 

" A free press, the terror of ty- 
rants," 114. 

A Grammar of the Ibemo-Celtic or 
Irish Language, 434. 

" A great parade this day with the 
Irish " (March 17, 1781), 23. 

Agriculture of the United States, 
230. 

Ainsworth, Col. F. C, Washing- 
ton, D. C, 22. 

Albany Atlas and Argus, 443. 

Albany, N. Y., Celebration by the 
St. Patrick's Society of, 304. 

Albany, N. Y., Celebrations in, 
261, 262, 265. 

Albany N. Y., Register, 304. 

Albany, N. Y., St. Patrick's So- 
ciety of, 261, 262, 265, 304. 

Albany, N. Y., The Hibernian 
Provident Society of, 261. 

Albany, N. Y., the Irish in, 261. 

Albany, N. Y., The Sons of Erin 
of, 262, 264, 265. 

" Albany Regency," The, 447. 

Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher, 
441. 

Alexander, Sarah Wallace, mother 
of Commodore Perry, 185. 

" Alex. Cranston & Co.," promi- 
nent merchants of New York, 

353- 

" Alien and Sedition Laws," The, 
109. 

Alley, Saul, a New York mer- 
chant, 330. 



45° 



A GENERAL INDEX 



A " little rum " to be issued to the 
American troops, 22. 

Alliance, The frigate, 333. 

All Impulse to Economic Progress 
in Ireland Destroyed, 6. 

" All made merry and were good 
friends," 20. 

" All the delicacies and substan- 
tiate peculiar to Irish hospital- 
ity," 43- 

" A man of excellent manners and 
good acquirements," 217. 

America, Merchants persuade peo- 
ple to embark for, 7. 

America, The departed worthies 
of, 109. 

American Academy of Fine Arts, 
347-348. 

American Archives, 19. 

American army, officers of the, en- 
tertained in New York by Gov. 
Clinton, 35. 

American Army, St. Patrick's Day 
one of general festivity in the, 
23. 

" American bayonets, wielded by 
Republican youth," 113. 

American besieging army before 
Boston, 405. 

American Camp at Cambridge, 
Mass., 430. 

American Catholic Hierarchy, 236. 

American Catholic Historical Re- 
searches, 369, 385. 

American Catholic Historical So- 
ciety, 369. 

American Colonists, Rights of the, 

341- 

" America, Commerce and Free- 
dom," 130. 

American Continental Army, 366, 
368, 383, 393. 

American Flag, The, 121. 

American force landed at White- 
haven, England, 378. 

" American Forces at New York," 
The, 430. 

American Forces before Boston, 
403-. 

American Geographical Society, 
354- 

American Historical Register, 23. 

" American Immortals and Irish 
Heroes Duly Honored," 261. 

American Independence, The 
memory of the heroes who fell 
in the establishment of, 132. 

American-Irish Historical Society, 
18, 349, 383, .384, 405, 408. 

American military court, consist- 



ing of six major-generals and 

eight brigadiers, tries and con- 
victs John Andre, 440. 
American Minerva, The, 191. 
American Patriot, The, 239, 240. 
American patriot army at Valley 

Forge, 426. 
American Patriots, Henry Grat- 

tan applauds the stand taken by 

the, 368. 
American People, The, ill, 113, 

115, 117. I2 o, 126. 
American Pomological Society, 

440. 
American Revolution, Heroes of 

the, 162. 
American ship President, The, 421. 
Americans surprise the Hessians, 

216. 
Americans take possession of New 

York City, 35. 
" American Tars," a Toast to, 135, 

139- 

American troops, A " little rum " 

to be issued to, 22. 
American victory in a naval action 

lasting nineteen minutes, 442. 
American troops encamped at West 

Point, 23. 
Amherst, Lord, 400. 
" Amiable Society of Friendly 

Brothers of St. Patrick," The, 

33- 

An Albany, N. Y., celebration "at- 
tended by the Governor, Mayor 
of New York, Mr. Emmet and 
others," 261. 

" An ancient resident of Salem, 
Mass.," 214. 

Ancient Irish Poetry, 167, 339. 

" And by Liffey's beds of green," 
119. 

Anderson's Brigade, 251. 

Andre, Major, the British spy, 
369, 380, 439, 440. 

Andrew Jackson a member of the 
Hibernian Society of Philadel- 
phia, Pa., 42, 231. Copy of his 
membership certificate, 42. 

An " Erin Ball " in 1832, 209. 

" An excellent panegyric in honor 
of the Saint," 40. 

An extra issue of grog to the 
American army at Valley Forge, 
on St. Patrick's Day (1778), 20. 

Angell, Col. Israel, of Rhode Is- 
land, 23, 331. 

Anglesea, Marquis of, 63. 

" Anglo-United States Bank," The, 
136. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



451 



" An Irishman and a Citizen," 
Communication from, 301, 302. 

" An Irishman of the Sixth Ward " 
(New York), addresses " Nat- 
uralized Irishmen " (in 1810), 
305. 

Annexation of Texas, 447. 

Anniversary Orators of the Hiber- 
nian Society, Savannah, Ga., 260. 

An ordinance passed " To prevent 
improper conduct on certain 
days," 298; copy of the ordi- 
nance, 298, 299; petition from 
" Saint Patrick " for its better 
enforcement, 299, 300, 301. 

Anti-Catholic laws in England's 
American colonies, 9. 

Antics of a " Stuffed Paddy " na- 
ture, 20. 

Anti-Duelling Association, 361. 

Antrim, Ireland, 376, 409. 

" A number of natives of Ireland 
and their American friends," 
dine in Washington, D. C, in 
1812, 262, 263. 

" A Paddy and No More," 49. 

A political ripple in New York, 
143- 

Appeals to New York Irishmen, 
in 1810, to vote the Republican 
ticket, 305. 

Archives of the Hibernian Society, 
Charleston, S. C, 252. 

Armagh, Ireland, 340, 392. 

Arms of Ireland. The, 16. 

Army of the Niagara, 339. 

Army of the United States, 134, 
177, 184, 195, 198, 230, 231, 232, 
243, 269, 339. 

Arnold's expedition against Can- 
ada, 433- 

Arnold plots to surrender West 
Point to the British, 439, 440. 

Articles on the early Irish in this 
country, 384, 405. 

" A Silver key, with the arms of 
Ireland thereon," 16. 

" A Son of Erin," New York, ad- 
dresses the " Adopted Citizens " 
(in 1810), 305. 

Association for Civil and Religious 
Liberty, 55, 63. 

Association of the Friends of Ire- 
land and of the Friends of Lib- 
erty of all Nations, 68. 

Associators, Ephraim Blaine assists 
in raising a regiment of, 335. 

Associators, Third battalion of, 
398. - 

Astor, John Jacob, associated in 



business with Alexander Ma- 
comb, 388. 

A " Stuffed Paddy " displayed in 
Baltimore, 240. 

" At camp," Anthony Wayne and 
Richard Butler are so reported, 
222. 

Athenaeum, The Boston, 418. 

" At Esquire Hardenbrook's," New 
York, 323. 

" At Mount Pleasant, near the col- 
lege " (New York), 390. 

" At the Sheriff's Hotel," 193. 

" A true friend of democracy and 
Irishmen," 214, 411. 

A type of the genial Irish host, 
247. 

" A very elegant breakfast at 
Hull's," New York, 29. 

Bagpipe, Essay on the, 154. 

Balfour, Miss, " Erin's patriotic 
child," 332. 

Ball at the Bowery Theatre, 202. 

Ballyshannon, 332. 

Baltimore: A " St. Patrick's Ball " 
in 1795, 238. 

Baltimore, A "Stuffed Paddy" 
displayed in, 240. 

Baltimore, Blockade of, 247. 

Baltimore, " Captain Stewart's 
Irish Brigade " of, 427. 437. 

Baltimore, Captain Weaver's Ar- 
tillery of, 437. 

Baltimore, Celebration of St. Pat- 
rick's Day by Weaver's Artillery, 
236, 239. 

Baltimore, Celebration in 1803, 
239- 

Baltimore, Celebration by Keat- 
ing' s Irish Grenadiers, 236, 239. 

Baltimore, Celebration there in 
1795, 336. 

Baltimore, Celebrations in 1797, 
238. 

Baltimore, First Battalion of the 
Twenty-seventh regiment, 236, 
384. 

Baltimore, Irishmen among the 
first settlers of, 236. 

Baltimore Irishmen in 1805, Prom- 
inent, 242. 

Baltimore, Keating's Irish Grena- 
diers of, 437. 

Baltimore, Leading merchants of, 
participate in St. Patrick's Day 
events, 237. 

Baltimore, " Mr. Neale Nugent' s 
Tavern," 337. 

Baltimore, Stewart's Irish Bri- 
gade observes the Day, 236, 239. 



45 2 



A GENERAL INDEX 



Baltimore, Subscription ball in, 239. 

Baltimore Telegraph, 238. 

Baltimore, The Fountain Inn, 340. 

Baltimore, The Hibernian Benev- 
olent Society of, founded in 1803, 
240. 

Baltimore: The Independent Light 
Dragoons, 236, 336. 

" Baltimore's Leading Hostelry, 
the famous Fountain Inn," 367. 

Bank Coffee House, New York, 
52, 53, 54, 55, 60, 61, 64, 65, 68, 
69, 73, 74, 100, 101, 102, 210. 

Bank of New York, Daniel Mc- 
Cormick a director of the, 394, 

397- 

Bank of North America, 217, 343, 
363, 406. 

Bank of Pennsylvania, 332, 406. 

Banquet in the Bowery, New York 
City (1779), 12. 

Barclay, William, sails for France 
on the Shillelah, 333. 

Bardin, Mr., Celebration at house 
of, 26. 

Barnard, Rev. Mr., "of the War- 
ren Street Chapel," 273. 

Bardstown, Ky., 254, 255. 

" Barney Thomson, piper " to the 
regiment, 30, 33. 

Baron Steuben investigates a dis- 
turbance in Philadelphia, 20. 

Barrett's Old Merchants of New 
York City, 373, 387, 394. 

Barry, Capt. John, is reported as 
" beyond sea," 222. 

Barry, John, captures the British 
armed vessel Edward, 333; cap- 
tures two other British vessels. 
334- 

Barry, John, 222, 225, 228, 231, 333, 

334, 369. 

Batt, Thomas, expelled from the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, " for taking an ac- 
tive part against the liberty of 
America," 219. 

Battle of Bemis' Heights, 341. 

Battle of Brandy wine, 342, 357, 3og, 
380, 400, 420, 428, 429. 

Battle of Buena Vista, 444. 

Battle of Bunker Hill, 30, 348, 426. 

Battle of Chippewa, 339, 424, 445. 

Battle of Clontarf, 338. 

Battle of Eutaw Springs, 362, 369, 
436. 

Battle of Fontenoy, 8. 

Battle of Germantown, 342, 357. 
369, 380, 384, 395, 400, 420, 428, 
429, 436. 



Battle of Harlem Plains, 400. 

Battle of Hobkirk's Hill, 30. 

Battle of Hoosick, 426. 

Battle of Lake Champlain, 387. 

Battle of Lake Erie, 414, 439. 

Battle of Landen, 423. 

Battle of Lexington, 380. 

Battle of Long Island, 217, 371, 

395, 428, 429, 436. 
Battle of Lundy's Lane, 389, 424. 
Battle of Monmouth, 30, 342, 369, 

376, 380, 400, 420, 427, 436. 
Battle of New Orleans, 376, 199. 
Battle of North Point, 247. 
Battle of Palo Alto, 444. 
Battle of Point Pleasant, 383. 
Battle of Princeton, 216, 342, 357, 

370, 371, 436, 438. 
Battle of Resaca de la Palma, 444. 
Battle of Rhode Island, 429. 
Battle of Sharpsburg, 251. 
Battle of Springfield, Mo., 251. 
Battle of Stillwater, 341. 
Battle of the Boyne, 10, 423. 
Battle of the Cowpens, 436. 
Battle of Trenton, 342, 357, 369, 370, 

419, 426, 429, 436, 438. 
Battle of Vinegar Hill, 10. 
Battle of White Plains, 370, 371, 

395, 400. 
Bayley, William, oration by, 201. 
Belfast, Ireland, 166, 167, 170, 171, 

188, 189, 365, 380, 388, 401, 402. 
Belfast and Dublin Harp Societies, 

166, 167. 
Belfast Irishman, The, 188, 189. 
Belknap, Rev. Dr. Jeremy, 37, 38, 

334- 
Bemis' Heights, Battle of, 341. 
Berkeley, George, 9, 441. 
" Beneath the hospitable roof of 

Major Coburn," 214. 
" Between the Santee and the Pee- 

dee," 390. 
" Beyond sea," Capt. John Barry is 

so reported, 222. 
Bigelow, Hon. John P., Secretary 

of State (Massachusetts), a guest 

in 1837 of the Boston Charitable 

Irish Society, 267, 270. 
Biographical Reference, 329. 
" Bishop of Cloyne, in Cork," 441. 
Blaine, Col. Ephriam, 220, 222, 335. 
Blaine, James G., 335. 
Blakeley, Johnston, captures a 

British vessel in an action last- 
ing nineteen minutes, 442. 
Blockade of Baltimore, 247. 
Blockade of the James and York 

rivers, 367. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



453 



Board of War, Pennsylvania, 332. 
Bolton and Sigell's, New York City, 

27, 28. 
Bonaparte, Jerome, 242. 
Bonhomme Richard, The, 216, 378, 

399- 
Boston, Cathedral of the Holy 

Cross, 39, 40. 
Boston, Mass., Celebrations in, 

261. 
Boston Evacuated by British 

Troops on St. Patrick's Day, 

270. 
Boston, Ground broken for a Cath- 
olic Church there on March 17, 

1800, 36. 
Boston, Hitchcock's regiment at 

the siege of, 331. 
Boston Massacre, The, 38. 
Boston Selectmen's records, 16. 
Boston, Siege of, 380, 405, 429, 430. 
Boston, St. Patrick's Day there in 

1837, 267. 
Boston " Tea Party " Recalled, 6, 

7- 
Boston, The British evacuate the 

place in 1776 on St. Patrick's 

Day, 19. 
Boston, The Federal Street Church, 

334- 
Boston, The Merrimac House, 214. 
Boston, The Recorder, 408. 
Boston, The Sons of Erin of, 214. 
Boston, The Charitable Irish So- 
ciety, the twenty-six original 

members of, 16, 17. 
Boston, Tribute there in 1768 to St. 

Patrick, 15. 
Boston, Young Friends of Ire- 
land of, 214. 
Boudinot, Hon. Elias, a guest of 

the Philadelphia Friendly Sons 

of St. Patrick, 222. 
" Bouerie Farm," New York, be- 
longing to the Stuyvesants, 428. 
Bounty Allowed to New Settlers 

in the South, 7. 
Bowery, a banquet in the, 12. 
" Bowery House"; Residence of 

Nicholas Stuyvesant, in New 

York, was so called, 428. 
Bowery Lane, Gen. Knox marches 

his troops in from Harlem as far 

as, 35- 
Bowery Long Room, 202. 
Bowery Theatre. New York, a ball 

given in, 65. 
Bowery Theatre Hotel, 202. 
Bowery, The (New York), 12, 31, 

35, 65, 202, 428. 



Bowling Green, New York City, 

19- 

Boyd, James, Boston (Address to 
President Andrew Jackson), 36, 
40, 41, 42, 43. 

Boyne, Battle of the, 10, 423. 

Braddock's Defeat, 366. 

Braddock's Expedition, 18. 

Bradford's Coffee House, New 
York, 337. 

Brandywine, Battle of, 342, 357, 380, 
400, 420, 428, 429. 

Brant, the Mohawk Chief, 19. 

" Brave Sons of Hibernia," 190. 

" Breakfast and Ball at Mr. Hicks," 
33- 

British Army, Rearguard of, at 
Princeton, 216. 

British Army, The, under Gen. Sir 
William Howe, 219. 

Brian Boru, one of the most re- 
markable rulers in history, 338; 
King of Munster and monarch 
of Ireland, 338; defeats the 
Danes at the battle of Clontarf, 
338. 

British are defeated at Plattsburg, 
388. 

British are defeated on Lake 
Champlain, 387. 

British are defeated on Lake Erie, 
414. 

British armed vessel Edward cap- 
tured by John Barry, 333. 

British armed vessel Highflyer, 421. 

British blockading squadron off 
Sandy Hook, 421. 

British cannon spiked in England 
by John Paul Jones, 378. 

British Coffee House, Boston, 19. 

British Evacuate Boston on St. 
Patrick's Day, 1776, 19. 

British Evacuate New York, 34, 35. 

British Evacuate Philadelphia, 220. 

British Flag Hauled Down at 
Fort George, 35. 

British Forces in North America, 
The, 35- 

British Government confiscates 
Lord Edward Fitzgerald's prop- 
erty, 363. 

British Government executes Rob- 
ert Emmet, 360. 

British 44-gun ship Serapis, 216, 378. 

" British Government's proposi- 
tion to take 4,000 of its troops 
out of Ireland and send them to 
fight the Americans," 368. 

British India, The Irish Soldier in, 
11. 



454 



A GENERAL INDEX 



British Isles, Catholic Emancipa- 
tion in the, 13. 

British King, Statue to, set up in 
New York City, 19. 

British Parliament, The, 19, 368, 

407, 415- 

British persecution, seven centuries 
of, 184. 

British power prostrated in South 
Carolina, 369. 

British service, Men in the, observe 
St. Patrick's Day (1778), in Phil- 
adelphia, 20. 

British ship Little Belt, The, 421. 

British ship Peacock captured by 
Capt. Lawrence, 381. 

British ship Shannon, 381. 

British spy, Major Andre the, 369. 

British tyranny in Ireland, 422. 

British tyranny, Unburied bones of 
the victims of, 127, 128. 

Bronze tablet at Charleston, S. C, 
to Prof. James C. Courtenay, 
252. 

Brooks, Horace, " an enterprising 
and worthy son of New Eng- 
land," a partner of Dudley Persse 
(New York), 415. 

Brooks, Miss, " the elegant trans- 
lator of ancient Irish poetry," 
167, 170, 339. 

" Brunswickers of England and 
Ireland," The, 63. 

Bryan, George, vice-president of 
Pennsylvania, 231. 

Bryden's Tavern, Baltimore, 241. 

Bryson, David, a tanner and cur- 
rier of New York's " Swamp " 
district (Sketch of), 340. 

Bryson, Dr., " of Belfast," 171. 

Bullock, Edward Courtenay, colo- 
nel of the Eighteenth Alabama 
• Infantry, 251. 

Buchanan, James (Sketch of), 442. 

Buena Vista, Battle of, 444. 

Bunker Hill, Battle of, 30, 348, 426. 

Burgoyne, Gen., 35, 348, 384, 426, 
438. 

Burgoyne, Surrender of, 384. 

Burgoyne's retreat cut off by Gen. 
John Stark, 426. 

Burke, Edmund, 7, 56, 67, 70, 341. 

Burke, Edmund, a student of 
O'Halloran of Castletown, 7. 

Burke, Edmund, is appointed agent 
for the colony of New York, 341. 

Burke, Judge, of South Carolina, 
249. 

Butler, Richard, is reported " at 
camp," 222. 



Byrne's Fly-Market Hotel, New 
York, 174, 179. 

Byrne, Thomas, a teacher of Oliver 
Goldsmith, 7. 

" By the Shannon's beauteous 
side," 119. 

" Caesar and Alexander," 187. 

Caldwell, John, 53, 60, 61, 64, 66, 
68, 69, 73, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 86, 
87, 94, 103, 107, 343, 346, 371. 

Calhoun, Hon. J. C, 188, 343. 

Calhoun, Patrick, 343. 

California, Legislature of, 444. 

Camp at Cambridge, The Ameri- 
can, 19. 

Campaign against Havana, 401. 

Campaign against the Creek In- 
dians, 376. 

Campaign against the Seminole In- 
dians, 376. 

Campaign of 1776, 217. 

Campbell, George, president of 
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, presents an address 
to Gen. Washington, 221; Wash- 
ington's repy, 221, 222. 

Canada, Arnold's expedition 
against, 433. 

Canada, Conquest of, 393. 

Canada, Operations against, 430. 

Canada, Sir Guy Johnson flees to, 
19; he returns to New York, 19; 
becomes manager of a theatre in 
that city, 19; joins Brant, the 
Mohawk chief, 19; his estates 
confiscated, 19. 

Canada, The invasion of, 376. 

" Captain of the Quaker Blues," 
364-. 

Captain of the Ranger, 216. 

" Captain Stewart's Irish Brigade," 

427, 437- 
Capture of Fort George (Can.), 

393- 
Capture of the British brigs Avon 

and Atalanta, 442. 
Capture of York (Toronto), 393. 
Capitulation of Yorktown, 362. 
Carey, Mathew, 225, 226, 280, 344. 
Carleton, Sir Guy, 35. 
Carlow College, 357, 361. 
Carlow, Ireland, 357, 361. 
" Carolan, the last of the Irish 

bards," 155, 156, 158, 162, 166, 

170, 344, 407. 
Carolinas, The, 7. 
Carolina sun, " under the bright 

blaze of " a, 249. 
Carrickfergus, 329, 376. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



455 



Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton, the 
last survivor of the signers of the 
Declaration of Independence, 
79, 212, 213, 345- 

Carroll, John, 236, 345, 347, 407. 

Carroll, John, selected by Congress 
to deliver the panegyric on 
Washington, 345. 

Carrollton Hotel, Baltimore, 238. 

Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Bos- 
ton, 39, 40. 

" Catholic Address " to George 
Washington, 386. 

" Catholic Church of the Holy 
Cross at Boston in North Amer- 
ica," 36. 

Catholic Committee of Ireland, 

254. 

Catholic Emancipation, 13, 353, 
368, 407, 422. 

Catholics of Ireland, The, 172, 245. 

" Catholics, Presbyterians, Quak- 
ers and Episcopalians were united 
like a band of brothers," 215. 

Catholic Transcript, The (Hartford), 
408. 

Cavan, Ireland, 356. 

Celebration of St. Patrick's Day 
at Fort Pitt, 11, 15, 18. 

Celebration at Fort William Henry, 
n, 15, 17, 18. 

Celebration at Salem, Mass., 214. 

Celebration at Shamrock Hall (N. 
Y.), 194, 195, 196, 197. 

Celebrations at the Fountain Inn, 
Baltimore, Md., 340. 

Celebration at " the Sheriff's Ho- 
tel," 193, 194. 

Celebration at Valley Forge, 12. 

Celebration at West Point (in 1781), 

23, 33i. 

Celebrations by the Charitable 
Irish Society, Boston, 9, 10, 11, 
IS, 17, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 267, 
268, 269, 270. 

Celebrations by the Druid's Grand 
Lodge (New York), 193. 

Celebration by the Friends of Ire- 
land, 210, 211, 212, 213. 

Celebration by the Friendly Sons 
of Erin, 198, 199, 200. 

Celebration by the " Friendly Sons 
of Ireland," 203, 204, 205, 206, 
207, 208, 209. 

Celebrations by the Friendly 
Brothers of St. Patrick, New 
York, 25, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34. 

Celebrations by the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, New York, 44, 45, 
46, 47, 48, 49, 50, Si, 52, 53, 54, 



55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 
65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 
74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 
83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 
93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 
102, 190. 

Celebrations by the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, 218, 
219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224. 

Celebration by the Hibernian Ben- 
evolent Society, Fredericksburg, 
Va., 264. 

Celebration by the Hibernian 
Friendly Knot (New York), 192, 

x 93- . . . _ 

Celebration by the Hibernian Or- 
phan Society, Providence, R. I., 
266. 

Celebrations by the Hibernian 
Provident Society, New York, 
108, 109, no, in, 112, 113, 114, 
115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 
122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 
129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 
136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 
144, 291, 304. 

Celebrations by the Hibernian So- 
ciety, of Baltimore, 240, 241, 242, 
243, 244, 245, 246, 247. 

Celebrations by the Hibernian So- 
ciety, of Charleston, S. C, 248, 

253- 
Celebrations by the Hibernian So- 
ciety, of Philadelphia, 225, 226, 
227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 

234- 

Celebrations by the Hibernian So- 
ciety, of Savannah, Ga., 256, 260. 

Celebration by the Irish Volun- 
teers, of Charleston, S. C, 254. 

Celebration by Keating's Irish 
Grenadiers, Baltimore, 236, 239. 

Celebrations by the Juvenile Sons 
of Erin, New York, 152, 153, 
154 155, 156, 157 158, 159, 160. 
161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 
168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 291, 
292, 293, 332, 339. 

Celebration by Lord Rawdon's 
Volunteers, of Ireland, 30, 31. 

Celebration by the Montgomery 
Hibernia Greens, Philadelphia, 

2 33- 

Celebrations by the New York Hi- 
bernian Volunteers, 190, 191, 192. 

Celebrations by the Shamrock 
Friendly Association, New York, 
174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 
181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 
188, 189. 



456 



A GENERAL INDEX 



Celebration by the Sons of Erin, 
Albany, N. Y., 262, 264, 265. 

Celebration by the Sons of Erin, 
Boston, 214. 

Celebration by the Sons of Erin, 
Washington, D. C, 263, 264, 265. 

Celebration by Stewart's Irish Bri- 
gade, Baltimore, 236, 239, 427, 

437- 

Celebration by the St. Patrick's 
Benevolent Society, Charleston, 
S. C, 254. 

Celebration by St. Patrick's Ben- 
evolent Society, Philadelphia, 
234, 235. 

Celebration by St. Patrick's Ben- 
evolent Society, Providence, R. 
I., 265. 

Celebration by St. Patrick's So- 
ciety, of Albany, N. Y., 261, 262, 
265, 304- 

Celebration by Weaver's Artillery, 
Baltimore, 236, 239. 

Celebration by the Young Friends 
of Ireland, Boston, 214. 

Celebrations in Albany, N. Y., 261, 
262, 265. 

Celebration in Baltimore in 1795, 
236. 

Celebrations in Baltimore in 1797, 
238. 

Celebration in Baltimore in 1798, 

239- 

Celebration in 1803, in Baltimore, 
239. 

Celebrations in Boston, Mass., 261. 

Celebration in Charleston, S. C, 
by the St. Patrick's Club, or 
Friendly Brothers of St. Pat- 
rick, 248. 

Celebration in 1757 at Fort Wil- 
liam Henry, 11. 

Celebration in 1763 at Fort Pitt, 11, 
15, 18. 

Celebration in 1778 at Valley 
Forge, 12. 

Celebration in 1781 at West Point, 

23, 331. 
Celebrations in Fredericksburg, Va., 

261, 264. 
Celebration in 1795, in Baltimore, 

Md., 336. 
Celebration in New York City 

(1762), 25. 
Celebration in Philadelphia " by 

men in the British service," 20. 
Celebrations in Providence, R. I., 

261, 265. 
Celebrations in Washington, D. C, 

261, 262, 263, 264. 



Celestine, Pope, empowers St. 
Patrick to proceed to the Irish 
people, 412. 

Celtic and British blood, the ming- 
ling of, 11. 

Celtic Language, Essay on the, 434. 

Celtic Tide, The Westward Float- 
ing, 5- 

Censors, The Council of, 436. 

Centennial of the Charitable Irish 
Society, Boston, 17, 267, 268, 269, 
270. 

Chambers, John, a member of the 
Corporation of Dublin, 346; a 
pall-bearer in New York at the 
funeral of Thomas Addis Em- 
met, 346. 

Champlain, French forts on Lake, 
400. 

Chancellor Jones, 361. 

Chancellor Kent, 346. 

Chancellor Livingston, 331. 

Chancery, Two suits in (New 
York), 385. . 

Charitable Irish Society, Boston, 
Mass.; Some members of, pre- 
vious to the year 1800, 16, 17, 273, 
274, 275, 276,277. 

Charitable Irish Society, The 
twenty-six original members of, 

16, 17. 

Charitable Irish Society addressed 
by Governor Edward Everett, of 
Massachusetts, 267, 268, 269. 

Charitable Irish Society, Celebra- 
tions by the, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 

17, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43. 
267. 

Charitable Irish Society 267; Cen- 
tennial of the society, 267, 268, 
269, 270; oration by President 
Boyd, 267, 271, 272, 273. 

Charitable Irish Society, D. W. 
O'Brien serves as toastmaster at 
the Centennial Anniversary, 268. 

Charitable Irish Society, invites 
the Earl of Gosford, in 1838, to 
be its guest, 273. 

Charitable Irish Society, Two orig- 
nal odes written for, 294, 295, 
296, 297. 

Charitable Irish Society visits An- 
drew Jackson, president of the 
United States, 36, 40, 41, 42. An 
address delivered, to which Pres- 
ident Jackson replies, 36, 40, 41, 
42, 43- 

Charlemont, Earl of, 346. 

Charleston, S. C, a celebration 
there in 1771, 248. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



457 



Charleston, S. C, an oration by- 
Henry L. Pinckney, Jr., of, 254. 

Charleston, S. C, Cornelius 
O'Driscoll of, 253. 

Charleston, S. C, Daniel M. 
O'Driscoll of, 252. 

Charleston, S. C, bronze tablet 
to Prof. James C. Courtenay in, 
252. 

Charleston, S. C, Early history of 
the Hibernian Society of, 249, 
250. 

Charleston, S. C, Grace church, 
252. 

Charleston, S. C, Irish arrivals at, 
7- 

Charleston Philosophical Literary 
Association, 361. 

Charleston, S. G, Siege of, 390. 

Charleston, S. C, St. Finbar's Ca- 
thedral, 254. 

Charleston, S. C, St. Patrick's 
Benevolent Society of, 253, 254. 

Charleston, S. C, St. Patrick's 
Day in, 248. 

Charleston, S. C, The Courtenay 
family monument, 250, 251. 

Charleston, S. C, The Hibernian 
Society of, 248, 249, 250, 252. 

Charleston, S. C, The Irish Vol- 
unteers of, 254. 

Chatham, Earl of, 415. 

Chatham, John Mitchell, lieutenant 
on the, 400. 

Chatham Theatre (N. Y.), 201. 

" Cheetham and the Federalists," 

305- 
, Chesapeake, The U. S. S., 381. 

Cheverus, John Louis de, 38, 39, 
270, 342, 347- 

Chronicle Express, The, 299. 

Chippewa, Battle of, 339, 424, 445. 

Cincinnati, Society of the, 218, 333, 
349, 355, 370, 380. 

Citizen Cuthbert, 115. 

Citizen James McKeon, 325. 

Citizen Monroe, 114. 

" City Hotel, South Second street," 
Philadelphia, 231. 

City Hotel, New York, 80, 81, 85, 
86, 87, 93, 102. 

City of Philadelphia taken by the 
British, 219. 

City Tavern, The, New York (The 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick dine 
there, on their anniversary, for 
many years), 47, 351, 352. 

City Tavern, Philadelphia, 218. 

City Treasurer of Philadelphia, 217. 



Civil and Religious Liberty, As- 
sociation for, 55, 63. 

Civil War, The, 256, 338. 

Clare, Ireland, 373. 

" Claudius Florent Bouchard de 
la Poterie, doctor of divinity, 
Prothonotary of the Holy 
Church and of the Holy See of 
Rome, Apostolic Vice-Prefect 
and Missionary, curate of the 
Catholic Church of the Holy 
Cross at Boston in North Amer- 
ica," 36. 

Cleland, Moses, president of the 
Hibernian Society of Savannah, 
Ga., 259. 

" Clerk of the cheque " at fort 
and castle, William Penn serves 
as, 414. 

" Clerk to the house of Stewart & 
Co.," 311. 

Clinton, Charles, a native of Coun- 
ty Longford, Ireland, 348, 443, 
444- 

Clinton, De Witt, a member of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York, for " nearly forty 
years," 348. 

Clinton, De Witt, Irish naturalized 
citizens present an address to, 
298, 304, 305. 

Clinton, George, governor of the 
State of New York; vice-presi- 
dent of the United States, 348. 

Clinton, Gov., entertains the offi- 
cers of the American army at 
dinner in New York City, upon 
the evacuation of the place by 
the British, 35. 

Clinton, James, went with Mont- 
gomery to Quebec; became a 
brigadier-general, 348. 

Clinton, Sir Henry, 30, 31, 348. 

" Col. Doyle's quarters, No. 10, 
Wall Street," 31. 

" Clontarf and Ossory," 70. 

Clontarf, Battle of, 338. 

Cloyne, Diocese of, 9, 441. 

" Col. John Nixon's battalion," 
363- 

Coleman, James S., New York 
City, 23, 349. 

Colles, Christopher, an Irish en- 
gineer who became instructor in 
gunnery in the American army, 
349- 

College of New Jersey, 389. 

College of William and Mary, 377, 
400. 

Colombia, The republic of, 199. 



458 



A GENERAL INDEX 



Colonial Congress at Albany, 364. 
Colony of New York, The, 341. 
Columbia and Hibernia, The fair 

of, 109. 
Columbia College, New York, 330, 

347, 354, 360, 392, 398, 428, 432, 

434- 
Columbia, The Tars of, 247. 
Columbian Inn, Baltimore, 239. 
Columbian, The N. Y., 50, 164, 168, 

174, 175, 178, 179, 183, 194, 285, 

287, 288, 291, 301, 304, 305, 306, 

326. 
Columbus (Christopher), 180, 187. 
Commerce of the United States, 

230. 
Commercial Advertiser (N. Y.), 73, 

74, 85, 101, 201, 304. 
Commercial Coffee House (N. Y.), 

198, 200. 
" Committee of Correspondence, 

Safety and Inspection," 36. 
Committee of Safety, Pennsylvania, 

406. 
" Common Sense," of New York, 

issues a " Warning " to Irishmen 

(in 1810), 305. 
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 

226, 230. 
Communication signed: "A Pad- 
dy and No More," 49. 
Complete circuit of Ireland made 

by Commodore Rodgers, U. S. 

N., in the President, 421. 
Complimentary address to Andrew 

Jackson by the Shamrock 

Friendly Association, of New 

York, 308. 
" Concert Hall, Broadway," New 

York, 210, 351. 
Conference at Dobb's Ferry, 35. 
Congress of 1775, The, 263. 
Congress (1776), 341. 
Congress (i777), 33&- 
Congress (1781), 349. 
Congress, The privateer, 433. 
Congress, The Stamp-Act, 340, 423. 
Connaught, Ireland, 340. 
Connecticut, Early Irish settlers in, 

408. 
Connecticut, Irish pioneers of, 408. 
Connecticut Militia, The, 375. 
Connolly, Bishop, of New York, 

382, 417. 
" Connolly's Hotel, corner of Nas- 
sau and George streets," New 

York, 140. 
Conquest of Canada, 393. 
Corps of New York Rangers, The, 

192. 



Constable & Co., of New York 

City, 350. 
Constable, James, 98, 103, 350. 
Constable, Rucker & Co., of New 

York City, 350. 
Constable, William, 45, 93, 94, 102, 

221, 350, 388, 394. 
Constable, William, engages in 

huge land speculations, 350. 
Constellation, The frigate, 433. 
Constitutional Convention, New 

York State, 339. 
Constitution of Tennessee, 376. 
Constitution, The American frigate, 

418. 
Constitution of the Hibernian 

Provident Society, New York, 

145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151. 
Constitution of the State of New 

York, 146. 
Constitution of the United States, 

146, 266. 
Constitution, The Federal, ill, 113, 

231. 

Continental Army, The American, 
366, 368, 383, 393. 

Continental Army, Hospitals of 
the, 220, 221. 

Continental Congress, The Amer- 
ican, 329, 333, 342, 345, 348, 355, 
363, 366, 376, 377, 396, 399, 423, 
427, 429, 445. 

Continental Line, Second Rhode 
Island regiment in the, 23. 

Continental Navy board, 406. 

Conway, Eleanor, becomes mother 
of a President of the United 
States, 444. 

Conway, Port, Va., 444. 

Copenhagen, Bombardment of, 49. 

" Copenhagen " Jackson, 49, 50, 

131. 

Cork, Diocese of, 417. 

Cork, Ireland, 154, 353, 360, 361, 

379, 384, 403, 405, 407, 414, 417, 
422, 424, 441. 

Cork, Smith's History of, 154. 

Cornwallis' testimony to Gen. 
Francis Marion's influence, 390. 

Cornwallis, The surrender of, 348, 
432. 

Coronation of an Irish poet, 247. 

Corporation of Dublin, 79, 346. 

Council of Censors, The, 436. 

Countess of Desmond, The, 16. 

Court of St. James, 172. 

Courtenay, Edward, a founder of 
the Hibernian Society, of Charles- 
ton, S. C, 249, 250, 251, 352. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



459 



Courtenay family monument in 

Magnolia cemetery, Charleston, 

S. C., 250, 251. 
Courtenay, Hon. William A., of 

Newry, S. C, 249, 250, 253, 352. 
Courtenay, John, 249, 250, 352. 
Cowpens, Battle of the, 436. 
" Cream of the cream of the old 

families here " (in New York) 

Creek Indians, Campaign against, 

376. 
" Croghan could not write by this 

express," 11, 18. 
Croghan, George, an Irishman 

and famous Indian agent, 11, 18, 

353- 
Cromwell in Ireland, The drastic 

days of, 10. 
"Crossed the Delaware with Gen. 

Washington," 216. 
" Crossing of the Delaware," 216, 

419- 
Cruiser Lexington, The, 333. 
Cruise of the U. S. S. Wasp, 442. 
Gumming, John, first president of 

the Hibernian Society of Savan- 
nah, Ga., 256. 
Curran, John Philpot, sketch of, 

353- 

Curran, Sarah, 360. 

Curran, The genius of, 13. 

Curious and interesting odds and 
ends, 298. 

Cuthbert, Citizen, 115. 

Daly, Hon. Charles P., receives 
the degree of LL.D. from Co- 
lumbia College, 354. 

Danes expelled from Ireland, 167. 

Dark days of Elizabeth, 10. 

Dartmouth College, 405. 

Davis, Jefferson, 408. 

Dealling, William; " Hair Dresser 
in Maiden Lane"; he advertises 
to recover a barber's pole, stolen 
from his premises, 303. 

Dearborn, Gen., 438. 

Death of Daniel McCormick, 
founder of the Friendly Sons of 
St. Patrick, New York, 92, 93. 

Debtors' Jail, New York, Com- 
munication from the, 90, 91. 

Decatur, Stephen, maternally of 
Irish extraction, 354; captures 
the British frigate Macedonian, 
354- 

" Deceptive practices to amuse, 
and not intended to convey ben- 
efit to the people," 206. 



" Decided to teach the desecrators 
a lesson," 20. 

Declaration of Independence, The, 
8, 165, 183, 184, 204, 217, 249, 
329, 345, 348, 364, 366, 368, 374, 
377, 396, 406, 423, 438. 

Declaration of Irish rights, 368. 

Defence of Fort Sullivan, 390. 

De Kalb, Baron, commissioned a 
major-general by Congress, 378. 

De Lancey, Stephen, 435. 

Delany, Sharp, of Philadelphia, a 
commissioner " to seize the per- 
sonal effects of traitors," 355. 

Delaware Indians, The, 431. 

Delaware, The crossing of the, 419. 

Delaware, The State of, 233. 

" Departed worthies of America," 
The, 109. 

Derry, Ireland, 366. 

Desmond, The Countess of, 16. 

Devereux, N., " president of the 
Utica Hibernian Society," 56. 

Devlin, John, presides at an ob- 
servance in Providence, R. I., 
265, 266. 

Dillon, Count Arthur, of the Regi- 
ment of Dillon, 222, 355. 

Dillon, Lieut. Col. Barthelemy, of 
the Regiment of Dillon, 355. 

Dinner at Protestant Hall, at Mr, 
Samuel Waldron's, on Long Is- 
land, 28. 

Diocese of Cloyne in Ireland, 9. 

Diocese of Cork, 417. 

Diocese of Hartford, Conn., His- 
tory of the, 408. 

Discourse in 1843 at St. Patrick's 
Church, Providence, R. I., by 
" the Rev. Mr. Fitzpatrick, of 
Boston," 266. 

Dobb's Ferry, Conference at, 35. 

Domestic oppression, the most 
Powerful Cause for Emigration 
from Ireland, 7. 

Donahoe, Patrick, of the Boston 
Pilot, Sketch of, 356. 

Donation from estate of John 
Keble, 229. 

Donegal, Ireland, 332, 427. 

Dongan, Thomas, governor of the 
province of New York, 25, 356, 
357- 

Donnaldson, John, auditor-general 
of Pennsylvania, 231, 357. 

Doran, James, Jr., " proprietor of 
the old established Bank Coffee 
House," 61, 74, 210, 213. 

Down, Ireland, 412. 



460 



A GENERAL INDEX 



" Down the Atlantic coast as far 
as Georgia," 9. 

Doyle, Bishop, of Kildare, 67. 

Doyle, Dennis H., a director of 
the Franklin Bank, New York, 
358. 

Doyle, Lieut. Col., 31. 

Drastic days of Cromwell in Ire- 
land, 10. 

Drogheda, Ireland, 359. 

Druid's Grand Lodge, New York, 
14, 190, 193. 

Druid's Head Tavern, New York, 
193- 

Duane, James, mayor of New 
York, 445. 

Dublin Castle, Emmet's attempt 
to seize, 360. 

Dublin, Ireland, 39, 79, 166, 167, 
341, 344, 346, 350, 359, 360, 362, 
363, 385> 401, 407, 4io, 411, 412, 
416, 417, 422, 424, 425, 429, 434. 

Dublin, St. Patrick's Cathedral, 
429. 

Dublin, Theatre Royal, 410. 

Dublin, The corporation of, 79. 

Duke of Orleans is financially as- 
sisted by William Constable of 
New York, 351. 

Dungannon, Ireland, 357. 

Dungeons of Lincoln and New- 
gate, 172. 

Dunlap, John, an Irishman, at one 
time owned 98,000 acres in the 
South, 358. 

Du Pont, Charles I., appointed by 
the State of Delaware to super- 
intend the removal of the re- 
mains of Haslett, 233. 

" Durock G. A. V. A. T. B.," 193. 

Dutch governors of New York, 
One of the, 428. 

Earliest known celebration of St. 
Patrick's Day on American soil, 
5- 

Earliest members of the Boston 
Charitable Irish Society, 16, 17, 
273, 274, 275, 276, 274. 

Early Members of the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 
102, 103, 104, 105. 

Earl of Charlemont, 346. 

Earl of Chatham, 415. 

Earl of Fingal, 245. 

Earl of Gosford, " a distinguished 
Irishman," visits Boston, 273. 

Earl of Limerick, 357. 

Earl of Lucan, 423. 

Earl of Mountcashel, 67. 

Earl of Moira, 30. 



Early history of the Hibernian So- 
ciety, of Charleston, S. C, 249, 
250. 

Ebullient, uncrushable souls, to. 

Edward, the British armed vessel, 

333- 

Edward the Third, 154. 

Effingham, The frigate, 2>2>2>, 334- 

Eighteenth Royal Irish Regiment 
of Foot, 370. 

Eliot, Mayor Samuel A., Boston, 
a guest of the Charitable Irish 
Society, 267, 268, 273. 

Elizabeth, The dark days of, 10. 

" Emmet, M'Neven, Sampson, 
Trenor and Jackson," 160. 

Emmet, Robert, 86, 87, 104, 153, 
155, 167, 169, 171, 172, 181, 184, 
187, 196, 203, 208, 235, 237, 253, 
263, 354, 360, 361, 422, 425- 

Emmet, Robert (New York), 371. 

Emmet's attempt to seize Dublin 
Castle, 360. 

Emmet, The Epitaph of, 153, 165, 
162. 

Emmet, Thomas Addis, 12, 45, 58, 
66, 84, 103, 160, 177, 196, 212, 262, 
305, 336, 346, 360, 361, 388, 421, 
437- 

Emmet, Thomas Addis (M.D.), 
361. 

Emmet, Thomas Addis, Monu- 
ment to, in St. Paul's church- 
yard, New York, 361. 

England, Greed of the merchants 
and manufacturers of, 6. 

England, Rt. Rev. John, 256, 260, 
361. 

England's American Colonies, An- 
ti-Catholic laws in, 9. 

England's wars with France and 
Spain, 11. 

English Colonies, The, 6, 7, 9. 

" English, French & Spanish Con- 
suls," 39. 

English government, " Severe 
stricture upon the policy of the," 
205. 

" English Jesuits at St. Omer," 
The, 415- 

English rule, Extinguishment of, 
9- 

Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank, 
44. 

Emigration from Ireland contin- 
uous, 7. 

English officials, " Rapacity and 
cruelty of," 422. 

Enterprise, The U. S. S., 442. 

Erie Canal, The, 348, 446. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



46 1 



Erin Ball, An, 209, 210. 

Erin Benevolent Society, Philadel- 
phia, Pa., 14. 

Erin Fraternal Association, Brook- 
lyn, N. Y., 14. 

Erin, Juvenile Sons of, New York, 
152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 
159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 
166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 
291, 292, 293, 332, 339. 

Erin Society of Philadelphia, The, 
232. 

" Erin's Patriotic Child," Miss Bal- 
four, 332. 

Erin, The Daughters of, 322. 

Erin, The Patriotic Sons of, 321. 

Erin, The emigrant sons of, 264. 

Erin, The sons of, 246. 

Erin, " The warm-hearted sons 
of," 201. 

Essay on the bagpipe, 154. 

Essay on the Celtic Language, 434. 

Essex Register, The (Mass.), 411. 

Eutaw Springs, Battle of, 362, 369, 
436. 

Evacuation of New York, 34, 35. 

Evening Journal (N. Y.), 203. 

Evening Post (N. Y.), 186, 200, 201, 
202, 203, 210, 298, 304, 306. 

Everett, Governor Edward, of 
Massachusetts, 267, 268, 269, 362. 

Exchange Coffee House, Boston, 
38, 39, 40. 

" Exchange Tavern of Mr. Pat- 
rick O'Reilly," Baltimore, 247. 

" Exiles of France in America," 

195. 

Extinguishment of English Rule, 

9- 

Expedition against Louisburg, 435. 

Fairbanks, Hon. Stephen, a guest 
in 1837 of the Boston Charitable 
Irish Society, 267, 269. 

" Father of fine arts in New Eng- 
land," The, 16. 

Federal Street Church, Boston, 37, 

334- 
Federal Constitution, The, in, 113, 

231. 
Federal Gazette, The, 225, 240, 242. 
Federal Intelligencer, The, 238. 
Federalists, New York Irishmen 

warned in 1810 against the, 305. 
Fenian Cycle, The, 410. 
Fenwick, Bishop, 40, 43, 362, 363. 
Fermanagh, Ireland, 407. 
Fifteen hundred Irish residents of 

New York City volunteer in the 

War of 1812-15, for work on the 

defences, 321, 322, 323. 



Fifth Pennsylvania regiment, 341. 

Fillmore, President, 379. 

" Financier of the Revolution," 
Robert Morris the, 402. 

Fingal, Earl of, 245. 

Finisterre, The French defeated 
off Cape, 435. 

Fink, John, of New York, issues 
a novel invitation 303. 

First battalion of the Twenty- 
seventh regiment, Baltimore, 236. 

" First Citizen," Letters written by, 

.345- 
First City Troop, of Philadelphia, 

217, 337, 343, 344, 353, 357, 358, 
365, 4i8. 

" First Irish-American ball in the 
United States," The, 249. 

First New York regiment, 395. 

Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, sketch 
of, 362, 363. 

Fitzpatrick, Edward, of the Louis- 
ville Times, 254. 

FitzSimons, Thomas, 363. 

" Flight of the Wild Geese," 8. 

Flood and Grattan, Parliament of, 
12. 

Florida, " The Newly Acquired 
Territory of," 180. 

Florida War, The, 254, 444. 

Flying Camp, Mercer's, 431. 

Fly Market, New York, 174, 179, 
193, 198. 

Fontenoy, The battle of, 8. 

Foreword, 5. 

" Fort George and the other bas- 
tiles of Great Britain and Ire- 
land," in, 113. 

Fort George, Scotland, 346, 422. 

Fort Pitt, Celebration at, 11, 15, 18. 

Fort Stanwix, Part of, said to 
have been levelled to make room 
for a mansion for Dominick 
Lynch, 386. 

Fort Sullivan, Defence of, 390. 

Fort William Henry, Celebration 
at, 11, 15, 17, 18. 

" For the relief of indigent natives 
of Ireland," 105. 

" Forty-fourth regiment of Foot " 
(in 1758), 364. 

Fountain Inn, Baltimore, 238. 

Fourth of July observances by 
Irish societies in New York, 321, 
323, 324, 325, 326, 327. 

Fourth Pennsylvania Light Dra- 
goons, 216, 403. 

Fox Hunting Club, The Glouces- 
ter, 364. 



462 



A GENERAL INDEX 



France and Spain, England's wars 

with, 11. 
France and Spain, Irish soldiers in 

the armies of, 10. 
France, Exiles of, in America, 195. 
France, Irish brigade saves the 

fortunes of, 8. 
France loans $6,000,000 to the 

United States, 411. 
France, The Republican youth of, 

112. 
France, The Republic of, 227. 
Franklin, Benjamin, 172, 195, 243> 

247, 344, 345, 364, 377, A37- 

France, Sarsfield and other gallant 
officers enter the service of, 423. 

Franklin Hall, Boston, celebration 
at, 214. 

Fraunce's Tavern, Washington lo- 
cates at, 35. 

Fredericksburg, Va., Celebrations 
in, 261, 264. 

Fredericksburg, Va., The Hiber- 
nian Benevolent Society of, 264. 

Frederick the Great, of Prussia, 
426. 

" Freedom of the Seas," The, 244. 

Freeman's Journal, The, 344. 

" Free navigation of the Mississip- 
pi," 113- 

French Academy, The, 400. 

French allies of the Americans, 421. 

French and Indian War, The, 17, 
349, 430. 

French army and navy, 172. 

French Directory, Irish Negotia- 
tions with the, 432. 

French expedition for the invasion 
of Ireland, 432. 

French force sent to aid the Amer- 
icans, 421. 

French forts on Lake Champlain, 
400. 

Freiich invasion of Ireland, Pro- 
posed, 363. 

French man-of-war La Vengeance, 
The, 433. 

French man-of-war L'Insurgente, 
The, 433. 

French republic, The, 191. 

French Revolution, The, 363, 368. 

391- 
French stronghold of Ticonderoga, 

17, 18. 
French war of 1755-60, 11. 
Friends of Ireland and of Civil 

and Religious Liberty, 205. 
Friends of Ireland, 210, 211, 212, 

213- 



Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick, 
New York, Celebrations by the, 
25, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34. 

Friendly Sons of Erin, Celebration 
by, 198, 199, 200. 

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, instituted on March 17, 
1784, 44- 

" Friendly Sons of Ireland," 200, 
202, 203, 204, 206, 207. 

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, a copy of the Act of In- 
corporation, 105, 106, 107. 

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, a list of early members, 
102, 103. 104, 105. 

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, councilors of the Society 
in certain years, 97, 98. 

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, One Hundred and Twelfth 
Anniversary Dinner, 44. 

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, Presidents, Treasurers, 
and Secretaries of, from 1784 to 
1845, inclusive, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97. 

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, Some brief notices issued 
to the members of, 98, 99, 100, 
101, 102. 

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New 
York, Some Celebrations by the, 
44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, si, 52, 
53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 
63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 
73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 
82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 
92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 
101, 102, 190. 

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phil- 
adelphia, Celebrations by, 215, 
216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 
223, 224. 

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila- 
delphia, adopt Gen. Washing- 
ton as a member, 221, 222, 224. 

Frigate Alliance, The, 333. 

Frigate Constellation, The, 433. 

Frigate Constitution, The, 418. 

Frigate Effingham, The, 333, 334. 

Frigate George Washington, 419. 

Frigate Macedonian, The British, 
354- 

Frigate Raleigh, The, 333. 

Frigate United States, The, 334. 

" From the Giant's Causeway to 
Cape Clear, and from the Hill 
of Howth to Connemara," 270. 

" From the Isthmus of Darien to 
Cape Horn," 199. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



463 



" From the shackles of British 
domination," in. 

Frontenac, Siege and capture of 
Fort, 444- 

Gael, Mental Resiliency of the, 10. 

Gael, The, " He cannot remain 
crushed while life is in him," 10. 

Gael, The, New York City, 236. 

Gaine, Hugh, for many years treas- 
urer of the New York Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, Sketch of, 
365. 

Gaston, Chief Justice, 356. 

Galway, Ireland, 379, 385, 388. 

Gates, Gen. Horatio, Sketch of, 
366. 

Genial Irish host, A type of the, 
247. 

Genius of Curran is honored, The, 
13- 

Georgia, Governor Mitchell of, 

259, 399- 

Georgia, House of Representatives 
of, 258, 259. 

Georgia, Legislature of, 256, 257, 
258, 436. 

Georgia, Senate of, 258, 259, 418. 

Georgetown College, 362, 378, 382. 

George Washington, The frigate, 
419. 

Germantown, Battle of, 342, 357, 
369, 380, 384, 395, 400, 420, 428, 
429, 436. 

Gettysburg Battlefield Associa- 
tion, 384. 

Giant's Causeway, The, 270. 

Gibbs, Capt. Daniel, of the Saga- 
more, brings many Irish passen- 
gers to Boston about 1737, 16, 
275- 

Glasgow, University of, 360. 

Globe Tavern, Philadelphia, 244. 

Gloucester Fox Hunting Club, 
364, 392, 399. 

Glover, John, 103, 329, 367. 

Goldsmith, Oliver, attends the 
school of Thomas Byrne, 7. 

Gosford, Earl of, " a distinguished 
Irishman," visits Boston, 273. 

Grand Canal, The, 176, 180, 181. 

" Grand Hibernian Ball " in New 
York (in 1832), 351. 

Grand Sachem of the Tammany 
Society, 123, 125, 325. 

Grant, Daniel, " proprietor of Bal- 
timore's leading hostelry," 238, 
340, 367- 

Grant of 100,000 acres to Sir Wil- 
liam Johnson, 17. 



Grattan, Henry, applauds the stand 
taken by the American patriots, 
368. 

" Grattan, Ponsonby, Moira, Sher- 
idan," 171. 

" Great Britain's Beloved Sister," 
33- 

Great Britain, The Queen of, 199. 

" Great Commoner," William Pitt, 
The, 19, 415. 

" Great Dock street," New York, 
350. 

" Great indignation among the 
Irish in the camp," 20. 

" Great men who have figured in 
Irish history," 205. 

Greece, Toasts to, 58, 62. 

" Greed of the Merchants and 
Manufacturers of England," 6. 

Green and Orange, The auspicious 
union of, 203. 

Green Banner, The, 382. 

Green Isle, Immigration from the, 
236. 

Greenleafs Daily Argus, 193. 

Greene, Gen. Nathaniel, com- 
mands the American left wing 
at the battle of Trenton, seizes 
the British artillery and cuts off 
the enemy's retreat to Prince- 
ton, 369. 

Greens, The Republican, New 
York, 14, 160, 324, 326, 393. 

Greens, The Volunteer, of Phila- 
delphia, 394. 

Grog, An extra issue of, to the 
American army at Valley Forge 
(1778), 20. 

Ground broken for a Catholic 
church in Boston, March 17, 
1800, 36. 

Gunboat flotilla in New York har- 
bor, 414. 

Hagan, John, " an eminent mer- 
chant of New Orleans, 78, 369. 

Haggerty, John, of New York, 
" the richest auctioneer in the 
city," 105, 369, 370. 

Haggerty, Ogden, of Haggerty & 
Sons and Haggerty, Draper & 
Jones, 105, 370. 

Halsey, Hon. Edmund D., of New 
Jersey, 23. 

Hamilton, Hon. Alexander, a 
guest of the Philadelphia Friend- 
ly Sons of St. Patrick, 223. 

Hand, Gen. Edward, checks Corn- 
wallis at Flatbush; holds a 
bridge against Lord Howe; cuts 



464 



A GENERAL INDEX 



off the retreat of the Hessians at 
Trenton and forces them to sur- 
render, 371. 

Harlem, Gen. Knox marches his 
men in from, 35. 

Harlem Plains, Battle of, 400. 

" Harp and Crown Society," 50. 

" Harp and Crown Tavern," 227. 

Hart, Dr. George, " the first phys- 
ician who settled in Kentucky," 

254, 371- 

Hartford, Conn., History of the 
diocese of, 408. 

Hartford, Conn., The Catholic 
Transcript of, 408. 

Hartford Convention, The, 140. 

Hartford, Conn., The St. Patrick's 
Society of, 266. 

Hartigan, Dr., of Trinity College, 
Dublin, 416. 

Hartigan, Mrs. Betsy, a sister of 
Carlisle Pollock (New York), 
416. 

Hartley's Lift of General Marion, 
32. 

Harvard College, 37, 359, 302. 

Haslett, patriot of the Revolution, 
233, 234; surprises a British 
picket, 371. 

Heeney, Cornelius, Sketch of, 80, 
85, 86, 125, 372. 

Henry, Alexander, the last survi- 
vor of the gentlemen who organ- 
ized the Philadelphia Hibernian 
Society, 226, 234, 372. 

" Henry Jackson, and the exiled 
patriots of Ireland," 109. 

" Hero of Salamanca," The, 376. 

Heroes of '76, The, 129. 

Heroes of the American Revolu- 
tion, 162. 

" He whose brows are entwined 
with the Shamrock, may forget 
his enemies; his friends, never," 
180. 

Hessians, Americans surprise the, 
216. 

Hibernia, " Brave sons of," 190. 

Hibernia Fire Company, of Phila- 
delphia, 332, 337, 343, 35 1, 353, 
364, 372, 392, 399, 400, 418. 

Hibernia, Sons of, 190, 192, 230, 
239- 

Hibernian Academy, The Royal, 

59- 
Hibernian Benevolent Society, 

Baltimore, founded in 1803; 240. 
Hibernian Benevolent Society, 

Fredericksburg, Va., 14, 264. 



" Hibernian Free School," Balti- 
more, Md., 62, 84, 409. 

Hibernian Friendly Knot, The, 
New York City, 13, 192, 193. 

Hibernian Orphan Society, The, 
Providence, R. I., 14, 266. 

Hibernian Provident Society, Al- 
bany, N. Y., 261. 

Hibernian Provident Society, New 
York, adopts a resolution in de- 
fence of Cornelius Heeney, 142. 

Hibernian Provident Society, New 
York, An incident in the career 
of, 309, 310, 3», 312, 313, 3 T 4, 315, 
317, 3i8, 319, 320. 

Hibernian Provident Society, New 
York, Celebrations by, 108, 109, 
no, in, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 
117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 
124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 
131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 
138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144- 

Hibernian Provident of New York, 
Constitution of the, 145, 146, 147, 
148, 149, 150, 151. 

Hibernian Provident Society, New 
York, participates in the parade, 
in 1818, on the occasion of the 
reinterment of the remains of 
Gen. Montgomery, 308, 327. 

Hibernian Provident Society. New 
York, Result of an election in 
the, 1817, 307, 308. 

Hibernian Provident Society, of 
New York, The, meets and dines 
in 1801, 108. 

Hibernian Society, Charleston, S. 
C, Celebrations by, 248, 253. 

Hibernian Society, Philadelphia, 
Andrew Jackson a member of, 
42; a copy of his membership 
certificate, 42. 

Hibernian Society, of Philadelphia, 
Celebrations by, 225, 226, 227, 
228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234. 

Hibernian Society, Philadelphia, 
changes its name (in 1897), to 
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
234; Financial standing of, in 
various years, 234. 

Hibernian Society, Savannah, Ga., 
Anniversary orators, 260. 

Hibernian Society, Savannah, Ga., 
Extracts from the constitution 
of, 257. 

Hibernian Society, The London, 
59, 60. 

Hibernian Volunteers, The, New 
York, 190, 191, 192. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



465 



" Hibernicus," Account by, of a 

celebration in Providence, R. I., 

266. 
" Hibernicus " writes a song in 

1786 for St. Patrick's Day, 279. 
Highflyer, The British armed ves- 
sel, 421. 
High Mass held in Boston on St. 

Patrick's Day, 1789, 36. 
Hill of Howth, The, 270. 
Hillsboro, N. C, Military Acad- 
emy, 251. 
Hildreth, the American historian, 

Testimony of, 6. 
" His Honour, the Governour," 

218. 
History of the Diocese of Hartford, 

266. 
History of the Revolution in South 

Carolina, 419. 
Historical Review of the State of 

Ireland, 416. 
Hobart, Judge, 190, 373. 
Hobkirk's Hill, Battle of, 30, 436. 
Hogan, Michael, of New York, 

" the perfect Irish host and gen- 
tleman," 373, 374- 
Hone, Philip, " president of the 

German Society," New York, 69, 

72, 76, 77, 81. 
Hoosick, Battle of, 426. 
Hornet, The U. S. S., 381. 
" Hospitality, an Irish characteris- 
tic," 176. 
Hospitals of the Continental army, 

220, 221. 
Howard Street House, Boston, 

Banquet at the, 40. 
Howe, Gen., 221, 222, 374. 
Howth, The Hill of, 270. 
Hubley, Col. Adam, an officer in 

the Revolutionary War, 360. 
Independent Light Dragoons, of 

Baltimore, Md., 236. 
Indians, The Delaware, 431. 
Indian Wars on the Pennsylvania 

Border, 331. 
India, The Irish soldier in British, 

11. 
" In Mr. Niblo's most splendid 

style," 52. 
" Innisfallen," Hon. William A. 

Courtenay's home in Newry, S. 

C, 249. 
" In opposition to the tyrant Great 

Britain," 23. 
" Interesting and Curious Old 

Manuscript " relating to the 

Revolution, 20, 21, 22. 



" In the Bowery Lane, New York," 

3i- 
Invasion of Canada, 376. 
Invasion of Ireland, Hoche com- 
mands a French expedition for 
the, 432. 
" I too, am a lover of St. Patrick's 
Day " (words attributed to 
Washington), 20. 
Ireland, A complete circuit of, 
made by Commodore Rodgers, 
U. S. N., in the President, 421. 
Ireland, All Impulse to Economic 

Progress in, destroyed, 6. 
Ireland and the Scottish High- 
lands, 410. 
Ireland, Another victim of British 

tyranny in, 422. 
Ireland, Cromwell in, 10. 
Ireland, Domestic oppression the 
most powerful cause for emigra- 
tion from, 7. 
Ireland, Emigration from, continu- 
ous, 7. 
Ireland Forbidden to Import Di- 
rect from the English Colonies, 
6. 
Ireland: " Great Britain's beloved 

sister," 33. 
Ireland " leans pensively on some 
cliff overhanging the Atlantic's 
surge, and sees with fancy's eye, 
on the distant horizon, a golden 
sunbeam as herald of American 
co-operation," 208. 
reland in 1737, 6. 

reland: "Peace and prosperity to 
her," 229. 
reland, Proposed French invasion 
of, 363- 

reland, Rights of the people of, 
341- 
reland, Rights of the Roman Cath- 
olics of, 344. 
reland's bondage, The long night 
of, 189. 

reland, Scotch and English patri- 
ots who sympathized with, 118. 
reland, The arms of, 16. 
reland, The Catholic Committee 

of, 254. 
reland, The Catholics of, 172, 245, 
344- 

reland, The Diocese of Cloyne, 
9- 

reland. The drastic days of Crom- 
well in, 10. 

reland, The Independence of, 23. 
reland, the Kingdom of, 227. 



30 



4 66 



A GENERAL INDEX 



Ireland, The legislative indepen- 
dence of, 368. 

Ireland, The Parliament of, 12, 21, 
22. 

Ireland, The Peasantry of, 263. 

Ireland, The records of, 170. 

Ireland, The youth of, 61. 

" Ireland was a good land to live 
out of," 6. 

Irish Academy, The Royal, 346, 

359- 
Irish Arrivals at Charleston, S. C, 

7- 

Irish arrivals at the port of Phila- 
delphia, 7. 

Irish brigade, Capt. Stewart's, of 
Baltimore, 427, 437. 

Irish brigade saves the fortunes of 
France, 8. 

Irish capital, A famous belle in the, 
416. 

Irish Catholics and Protestants, 
Protracted emigration of, 8. 

Irish charity and hospitality, 45. 

Irish Celt, The, has survived long- 
continued disaster, without de- 
generation, 10. 

Irish could only export to English 
colonies in English vessels, 6. 

Ireland, Danes expelled from, T67. 

" Irish Day," during war of 1812- 
15, for work on fortifications 
along Providence river, R. I., 
265. 

Irish drama, An, at the Chatham 
Theatre (N. Y.), 201. 

Irish Druids, The, 193. 

Irish element numerous in Provi- 
dence, R. I. (during war of 1812- 
15), 265. 

Irish emblem, The shamrock as an, 

47- 

Irish Emigrant Society, 44. 

Irish Emigrants, Protection and 
relief for, 225, 226. 

Irish engineer, Christopher Colles, 
a famous, 349. 

Irish Exiles in the French Ser- 
vice, 18. 

Irish extraction, poor children of, 
Money voted to buy school- 
books for, 2>7- 

" Irish feeling — Irish friendship — 
Irish hospitality," 59. 

Irish Famine Years, The, 5. 

Irish gentlemen, A club of, met at 
each others' houses, 250. 

Irish gentlemen and peasants, 
Outflow of, 7, 8. 



" Irish Greens," The, New York, 
393- 

Irish grenadiers, Keating's, of Bal- 
timore, 437. 

Irish harp, The, 56. 

Irish harper, The Last, 155. 

" Irish Heroes and Patriots," 155. 

Irish Historical Society, of Mary- 
land, 236. 

Irish history, " Great men who 
have figured in," 205. 

Irish host, A type of the genial, 
247. 

Irish in Albany, N. Y., The, 261. 

Irish in Boston, Mass., organize a 
society on St. Patrick's Day, 
(1737), 9, 15, 16, 17- 

" Irish in the camp, Great indigna- 
tion among the," 20. 

Irish language, The, 434. 

Irish linens, Mention of dealers in, 
302, 398, 417. John McVickar 
& Co., are described as " the 
heaviest importers of Irish lin- 
ens into the New York market," 
398. 

Irishmen, A meeting in New York 
(1815) of Naturalized, 347. 

Irishmen and their descendants 
figure conspicuously in the 
struggle for American indepen- 
dence, 8. 

Irishmen, A select meeting of, 225. 

Irishmen of New York warned 
against the Federalists, 305. 

Irishmen, New York, appealed to, 
in 1810, to vote the Republican 
ticket, 305. 

Irishmen, Prominent Baltimore, 
in 1805, 242. 

Irishmen of Providence, R. I., of- 
fer their services to the Com- 
mittee of Safety, during War of 
1812-15, for work on the forti- 
fications, 265; the offer accepted, 
265, 321. 

Irishmen, Three, purchase nearly 
a tenth part of the entire State 
of New York, 351, 388, 394. 

" Irish Merchant of Salem, Mass.," 
An, 40. 

Irish migration to foreign battle- 
fields, 8. 

Irish Nation, The, 16, 50. 

Irish Music, Old, 341. 

Irish Nation, That hospitality 
which characterizes the, 50. 

Irish naturalized citizens meet in 
New York, 304, 305. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



467 



Irish naturalized citizens present 
an address to De Witt Clinton, 
298, 304, 305. 

Irish nature like the Irish climate, 
" its smile making up for its 
tears," 10. 

Irish negotiations with the French 
Directory, 432. 

Irish officers enter the service of 
France, 423. 

Irish: Over 5,600 arrive at the 
port of Philadelphia in 1729, 7. 

" Irish officers of the American 
Revolutionary Army," 44. 

Irish Parliament, The, 12, 21, 22, 
I7i, 353, 359, 362, 368, 417, 432. 

Irish patriots confined at Fort 
George, Scotland, 346. 

Irish patriots oppose sending 
troops from Ireland to fight the 
Americans 417. 

Irish people, St. Patrick empow- 
ered to proceed to the, 412. 

Irish people, The rights of the, 
360. 

" Irish piper O'Donoghue," The, 
202. 

Irish pioneers of Connecticut, 408. 

Irish poet, Coronation of an, 247. 

Irish poety, Ancient, 167. 

Irishmen prominent in Baltimore 
fifty years before the Revolution, 
236. 

Irish Province of Ulster, 345, 446. 

Irish Rebellion of 1798, Echoes of 
the, 12. 

Irish Regiment of Foot, The 
Eighteenth Royal, 370. 

Irish Regiments, Two, from Mas- 
sachusetts during the Civil War, 
356. 

Irish residents of New York City; 
Fifteen Hundred volunteer, in 
War of 1812-15, for work on 
the defences, 321, 322. 

Irish Revolt of 1798, 330, 340. 

Irish Revolution planned, An, 
360. 

Irish revolutionists, The chain of, 
237- 

Irish Rhode Islanders in the Rev- 
olution, 23. 

Irish rights, Declaration of, 368. 

Irish Roman Catholics, Penal laws 
against, 362. 

" Irish or of Irish Extraction and 
of Protestant Faith," 9. 

Irish Sea, The, 378. 

Irish settlers, Early, in Connecti- 
cut, 408. 



Irish settlers in Prince Orange 

county, Va., 389. 
Irish settlers in this country, Early, 

384. 

Irish settlers in Virginia, 444. 

Irish Societies, Fourth of July ob- 
servances in New York by, 321, 
323, 324, 325, 326, 327. 

Irish Society, The (Boston Chari- 
table organization stated to have 
been first so named), 15, 272. 

Irish Soldiers at Fort William 
Henry, 11, 15, 17, 18. 

Irish Soldiers Enter the Service 
of France, Spain, Austria, 6. 

Irish Soldier in British India, The, 
11. 

Irish Soldiers in the Armies of 
France and Spain, 10. 

Irish sufficiently numerous in Al- 
bany, N. Y., in 1796, to incor- 
porate a church, 261. 

Irish, " Three very distinct classes 
of," 301, 302. 

Irish tongue, Grammar of the, 434. 

Irish trade and manufactures prac- 
tically annihilated, 6. 

" Irish troops in Washington's 
Army," 33. 

Irish Volunteers, The, of Charles- 
ton, S. C, 254. 

Irish Volunteers, The (Ireland), 
" in a short time numbered 
80,000 men," 368. 

" Iron Rule of the Ascendancy," 
6. 

Irvine, Gen. Callender, Commis- 
sary-General of Purchases, U. S. 
A-, 233, 375. 

Irvine, Gen. William, a native of 
Enniskillen, Ireland, 375. 

Iselins of New York, The, 242. 

Iturbide signs a treaty with Don 
Juan O'Donoju regarding Mex- 
ico, 409. 

" I will give the inhabitants 10 
guineas for the head of any de- 
serter belonging to the Volun- 
teers of Ireland; and five guin- 
eas only if they bring him in 
alive." (Lord Rawdon's offer), 
32. 

Jackson, Andrew, becomes a mem- 
ber of the Hibernian Society, 
Philadelphia, 231. 

Jackson, Andrew, defeats the Brit- 
ish at the battle of New Orleans; 
becomes President of the United 
States, 376. 



4 68 



A GENERAL INDEX 



Jackson, Andrew, receives an ad- 
dress from the Boston Charita- 
ble Irish Society, 36, 40, 41, 42, 

43- 

Jackson, Andrew, receives and re- 
plies to an address from the 
Shamrock Friendly Association 
of New York, 308. 

Jackson, Francis James, a guest 
of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, New York City, in 1810; 
his presence evokes outside crit- 
icism, 49, 50, 131. 

Jackson, Patrick Tracy, 433. 

Jacobite Wars, The, 6. 

Jamaica, L. I., 30, 33. 

James and York rivers, Blockade 
of the, 367. 

" James Boyd & Sons," 42. 

James, II., King, 423. 

" James Connolly's tavern, corner 
of Nassau and Beekman sts." 
(New York), 327. 

James Sheridan Knowles sends a 
toast to a banquet of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
New York, 87, 89. 

Janeway, Alderman, of New York, 

315- 

Jay, John, 190, 377, 384. 

Jay, Pierre, 377. 

Jefferson, Hon. Thomas, a guest 
of the Philadelphia Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, 223. 

Jefferson, Thomas, 79, 114, 115, 117, 
119, 123, 127, 129, 132, 136, 139, 
141, 152, 155, 159, 164, 165, 169, 
181, 196, 217, 223, 224, 244, 247, 
285, 377, 383, 389, 393, 432, 

Jersey Prison ship, The, 158, 418. 

Johnson, Col. Francis, a Pennsyl- 
vania officer, 22. 

Johnson, Sir Guy, flees to Cana- 
da; returns to New York; man- 
ages a theatre in that city; joins 
Brant, the Mohawk chief; es- 
tates confiscated, 19. 

Johnson, Sir William, " an Irish- 
man by birth," 17, 18, 19, 375, 
377, 435- 

Johnston, John, " the president of 
St. Andrew's Society," 77. 

Jones, Gen., 31. 

Jones, John Paul, descends upon 
the coast of England and lands 
an American force at White- 
haven, 378. 

Journal and Patriotic Register, 280. 

Junius Letters, The, 336. 



Juvenile Sons of Erin, New York, 
Celebrations by, 152, 153, 154, 
155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 
162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 
169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 291, 292, 
293, 332, 339- 
Kavanagh, Edward, governor of 

Maine, 43, 378. 
Keating's Irish grenadiers, of Bal- 
timore, 437. 
Kelly, " Old Master," an Irish ped- 
agogue at Tower Hill, R. I., 414. 
Kennedy, Anthony, a United States 

senator, 242. 
Kennedy, Bernard; his wife assists 
on the fortifications at Brooklyn, 
N. Y., in the War of 1812-15, 
322, 379. 
Kennedy, John Pendleton, " nov- 
elist congressman and cabinet 
officer," 242, 379. 
Kent, Chancellor, 346. 
Kentucky, Dr. George Hart of, 254. 
Kentucky, Edward Fitzpatrick of 

Louisville, 254. 
Kentucky, Rev. Michael Whelen 

of, 254. 
Kentucky, St. Patrick's Day in, 254. 
Kentucky, The Mahoneys of, 254. 
Kernochan, Joseph, New York, 

Sketch of, 379. 
Kernochan, Parish & Co., of New 

York, 379. 
Kerry, Ireland, 16, 40, 407. 
" Kildare and Leighlin," 357. 
Kildare, Ireland, 67, 357, 421. 
Kilkenny, Ireland, 342. 
" Kilkenny Scholar," George Ber- 
keley the, 441. 
King George IV., 425. 
King James II., 423. 
King Louis XVI., 424. 
King's College, 430. 
King William, " The glorious 

memory of," 26. 
Knickerbocker Magazine, The old, 

338. 
Knowles, James Sheridan, in New 

York and Philadelphia, 87. 
Knox, Gen. Henry Knox, Sketch 

of, 380. 
Knox, Gen., " marched his men 
in from Harlem, as far as ' Bow- 
ery Lane.' " 35. 
Knyphausen, Gen., 31. 
Ladies' Hermitage Association, 

Nashville, Tenn., 42. 
" La Fayette, Rochambeau, De 

Grasse," 172. 
Lafayette, Sketch of, 380, 381. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



469 



Lake Champlain, Battle of, 387. 

Lake Erie, Battle of, 414, 439. 

Landen, Battle of, 423. 

Land purchase in New York 
State; A huge one by William 
Constable, Daniel McCormick 
and Alexander Macomb; they 
buy a tract of over 3,600,000 
acres, 351. 

" Large revenues in rackrents," 6. 

" Last of the cocked hats," The, 
216. 

Latimer, Lieut. Col. George, 231, 
381. 

La Vengeance, The French man-of- 
war, 433. 

Laverty, Henry, of New York, " a 
very polished man," 103, 381. 

Lawrence, Capt, captures the Brit- 
ish ship Peacock, 381. 

Lee, Rev. Father, President of St. 
Patrick's Benevolent Society, 
Providence, R. I., 265. 

Legislative Act uniting England 
and Ireland, 345, 368. 

Legislature of California, 444. 

Legislature of Georgia, 256, 257, 
258, 259, 436. 

Legislature of Maine, 378. 

Legislature of Maryland, 342. 

Legislature of Massachusetts, 405. 

Legislature of Pennsylvania, 340, 
344- 

Legislature of South Carolina, 343. 

Legislature of Tennessee, 447. 

Legislature of the State of New 
York, 261, 348, 360, 366, 372, 445. 

Leitrim, Ireland, 407. 

Leinster, Duke of, 362. 

Lemoine, Stephen P., president of 
the Shamrock Friendly Associa- 
tion, of New York, 174, 179, 181, 
183, 186, 382. 

" Let us often assemble, agitate, 
and make public through the 
press the wrongs of Ireland," 
208. 

Lewis, Andrew, served in 1754-55 
as major in a regiment com- 
manded by Washington; became 
brigadier general in the Conti- 
nental army, 383. 

Lewis, Col. Charles, killed at 
Point Pleasant, 383. 

Lewis family of Virginia, 8, 383. 

Lewis, Gen. Andrew, of Virginia, 
383. 

Lewis, John F., governor of Vir- 
ginia, 383. 

Lexington, Battle of, 380. 



Lexington, The cruiser, 333. 
Life of Commodore John Barry, 369. 
Light Horse of the City of Phila- 
delphia, 217. 
Limerick, Earl of, 357. 
Limerick, Ireland, 6, 185, 357, 398, 

407, 423- 
Limerick, Treaty of, 185, 423. 
L'Insurgente, The French man-of- 
war, 421, 433. 
Lincoln, Gen., a guest of the 

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 

Philadelphia, 222; Sketch of, 

383. 
Linehan, John C, state insurance 

commissioner of New Hamp- 
shire, 18, 383, 384. 
" Lispenard st., Monday, March, 

14, 1831," 205. 
Literary and Catholic Sentinel, 214. 
Little Belt, The British ship, 421. 
Livingston, Chancellor, 331. 
Lucan, Earl of, 423. 
Loan of $6,000,000 by France to 

the United States, 411. 
Londonderry, Ireland, 343, 345, 

362. 
Londonderry, The second Marquis 

of, 345. 
London, Hibernian Society, The, 

59, 60. 
Longford, Ireland, 348, 359. 
Long night of Ireland's bondage, 

189. 
Long Island, Battle of, 217, 371, 

395, 428, 429, 436. 
Lord Rawdon offers a reward for 

the capture of deserters, 12, 32. 
Lord Rawdon's " Volunteers of 

Ireland," 12, 13, 30, 31, 32, 33. 
Louisburg, Expedition against, 

435- 

Louisburg, Siege of, 35, 400. 

" Louisiana — The bloodless acquis- 
ition of a wise administration," 
116. 

Louisville Times, 254. 

Louis XVI., King, 424. 

Lowry, Major William, of Balti- 
more, 238, 384. 

Lundy's Lane, Battle of, 389, 424. 

Lyndhurst, Baron, 351. 

Lynch, Dominick, a prominent 
merchant of New York; part- 
ner of Don Thomas Stoughton, 
45, 98, 103, 385, 386, 387. 

Lynch, Dominick (2d), a New 
York merchant; spoken of as 
"the most fashionable man in 
New York," 386, 387. 



47o 



A GENERAL INDEX 



Lynch, Dominick (3d), " an ele- 
gant conversationalist and the 
possessor of musical talents"; 
became a naval officer, 387. 

Lynch, Dominick (4th), an officer 
in the Fourth U. S. Cavalry, 387. 

Lynch family of New York, The, 
386, 387. 

Lynch, Thomas, Jr., a signer of the 
Declaration of Independence, 

8, 387. 
Lynch vs. Stoughton, and Stough- 

ton vs. Lynch (suits in chancery, 

New York), 385. 
Lynchville, now Rome, N. Y. ; 

founded by Dominick Lynch, 

386. 
Macdonough, Thomas, defeats the 

British on Lake Champlain, 387. 
Macedonian, The British frigate, 

354- 

Mackay, President, of the Boston 
Charitable Irish Society, delivers 
an address (in 1784)-, 36, 37. 

Macmurphy, John, a " donor " of 
the Boston Charitable Irish So- 
ciety, 276, 388. 

Macneven, Dr. William J., 45, 63, 
103, 121, 160, 174, 175, 178, 196, 
203, 204, 205, 209, 213, 262, 291, 
305, 336, 346 ; 360, 366, 388, 437- 

Macneven, Dr. William J., presides 
at a meeting, in New York, of 
naturalized Irishmen, 305. 

Macomb, Alexander, president in 
1791 of the New York Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick; 388, Sketch 
of, 388. 

Macomb, Gen. Alexander, defeats 
the British at Plattsburg, 389. 
" Macomb's purchase," in north- 
ern New York, 388. 

Macomb, William H., attains the 
rank of Commodore in the U. S. 
navy, 389. 

Madison, James, 129, 152, 159, 164, 

165, 333, AAA- 
Magee, Capt. James, a patriot of 

the Revolution, 389. 
Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, 

S.'C, 250. 
Magrath, Governor A. G., of South 

Carolina, 249, 253 390. 
Magrath, William, founder of St. 

Patrick's Benevolent Society, 

Charleston, S. C, 253, 390. 
Mahoneys, The, of Kentucky, 254. 
Maine, Commission to settle the 

northeastern boundary of, 378. 
Maine Legislature, The, 378. 



" Main Guard and Morristown 
Picket," 21. 

Malcolm, Daniel, of Boston, " a 
true friend to Liberty, a friend 
to the Publick, an enemy to op- 
pression," 276, 390. 

Manhattan Bank, The, New York, 

437- 

" Mansion House Hotel," Philadel- 
phia, 229, 231. 

Mansion House, Salem, Mass., 
Observance at, 214. 

Manufactures of the United States, 
230, 243. 

Many of the " Volunteers of Ire- 
land " leave the British ranks 
and take refuge among the pa- 
triots, 32. 

" Marched to Federal Hill and 
fired three volleys in honor of the 
day," 239. 

Marlborough, Duchess of, 415. 

Marion, Gen. Francis, a patriot of 
the Revolution, Sketch of, 390. 

Marquis of Londonderry, The sec- 
ond, 345. 

Marshall, John, " at Mount Pleas- 
ant," 25, 27. 

" Martin's Union Hotel," New 
York, 126. 

Martyrs of the Prison ships, 162. 

Maryland House of Delegates, 379. 

Maryland, Legislature of, 342. 

Maryland, State Assembly of, 345. 

Maryland, The Example of, 127. 

Maryland, The Irish Historical So- 
ciety of, 236. 

Maryland, University of, 379. 

Massachusetts Colony, Rights and 
grievances of the, 36. 

Massachusetts Historical Society, 

37, 33A- 

Massachusetts, Legislature of, 405. 

Massachusetts, Provincial Con- 
gress of, 366. 

Massachusetts regiments, The 
Ninth and Twenty-eighth, 356. 

Masssachusetts Senate, The, 418. 

Massachusetts Volunteers, The 
Tenth, 338. 

Matignon, Rev. Francis A., 38, 39, 

347, 391- 

Maunsell, Gen. John, of the New 
York Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, Sketch of, 391. 

Maynoooth, Ireland, 39. 

" Mayor, Aldermen, and Com- 
monalty of the City of New 
York," 298. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



471 



McBride, James (New York), 
" prominent as an importer of 
Irish linens," 392. 

McClenachan, Blair, a prominent 
merchant of Philadelphia; sub- 
scribes £10,000 in aid of the pa- 
triots, 392, 393. 

McClure, Francis, of New York, 
commander of the Republican 
Greens; appointed to command 
the First Regiment of New York 
riflemen (War of 1812) ; takes 
part in the invasion of Canada, 
393- 

McCormick, Daniel, founder of 
New York Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, 44, 55, 59, 66, 69, 74, 78, 
83, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 102, 
351, 388, 394- 

M'Creery, Mr., of Petersburgh, 
Va., 294. 

McKean, Thomas, a signer of the 
Declaration of Independence, 
396; president of the Hibernian 
Society, Philadelphia, 222, 225, 
226, 396. 

McVickar, John, New York, of 
John & Nathan McVickar and 
John McVickar & Co., 97, 98, 
103, 397, 398. 

Meade, George, of George Meade 
& Co., Philadelphia, 215, 216, 222, 
226, 363; Sketch of, 398. 

Mease, James, paymaster and treas- 
urer of the Continental Army; 
clothier-general of the army, 398. 

Mechanics' Hall, corner of Broad- 
way and Park Place, New York 
City, 49- 

Medical and Philosophical Journal 
The, 388. 

Men in the British service observe 
St. Patrick's Day, in Philadel- 
phia (1778), 20. 

Mental Resiliency of the Gael, 10. 

Mercer's Flying Camp, 431. 

Merchants' Coffee House, New 
York City, 46. 

Merchants Persuade People to 
Embark for America, 7. 

Merrimac House, Boston, observ- 
ance at, 214. 

Messages of Civil Compliments 
exchanged, 28. 

Metropolitan Museum of Fine 
Arts, New York, 416. 

Mexico, Gen. Scott, the conqueror 
of, 424. 

Mexico, The surrender of, 409. 



Mifflin, Gen., a guest of the Phila- 
delphia Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, 223. 

Milesian, " That convivial spirit 
which ever distinguished the 
true," 46. 

" Military Hall, 11 Spruce St.," 20T. 

Militia of the United States, 177, 
230, 231, 232. 

Mitchell, D. B., Governor, of 
Georgia, 259, 399. 

Mohawk, Brant the, 19. 

Mohawk region, The, 435. 

Mohawk river, The, 17. 

Mohawk Tribe, The, 17. 

Mohawk valley, The, 19. 

Monaghan, 355, 390, 421. • 

Monmouth, Battle of, 30, 342, 369, 
376, 380, 400, 420, 427, 436. 

Monroe, Citizen, 114. 

Monroe Doctrine, The, 400. 

Monroe, President James, Sketch 
of, 400. 

Montgomery, Gen. Richard, in- 
vades Canada, captures St. John, 
on the Sorel river, takes Mon- 
treal, lays siege to Quebec; killed 
in the assault, buried at Quebec; 
his remains conveyed in 1818 to 
New York, 401. 

Montgomery Hibernia Greens, 
Philadelphia, Pa., 14, 233. 

Montgomery's remains brought 
back, in 1818, to New York, 308, 
327. 

Moore, Lynsen & Co. (New 
York), 394. 

Moore, Thomas, the Irish poet, 
401. 

Morgan, Lady (nee Owenson), an 
Irish novelist, 410. 

Morgan's Rifle Corps, 341. 

Morning Chronicle, The, 122, 193. 

Mostan's Tavern, Dinner at, 223. 

Morris, Robert, " the financier of 
the Revolution," 215, 218, 350, 
402. 

Morrison, John, " of the house of 
Morrison & Nixon, William 
street," New York, 402. 

Moultrie, Gen., a guest of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, 222. 

Moultrie, Gen., taken prisoner by 
the British, but exchanged for 
Burgoyne, 402. 

Mountcashel, The Earl of, 67. 

Mount Vernon, 431, 435. 

Moylan, Bishop, 361, 403. 



472 



A GENERAL INDEX 



Moylan, Gen. Stephen, a brother 
of the Roman Catholic bishop 
of Cork, Sketch of, 403. 

" Mr. Andrews, the worthy land- 
lord of St. John's," 203. 

" Mr. Arthur Ray's, Murray st," 
202. 

" Mr. Dalrymple, an ancient resi- 
dent of Salem," 214. 

" Mr. Hardy's Inn," 229. 

" Mr. James Harrison's Northern 
Hotel, Cortlandt St.," 292. 

" Mr. Kitchen's Coffee House," 
229. 

" Mr. James Sweeney's, Chatham 
Row," 202. 

"Mr. McShane's Tavern," 228, 
229. 

" Mr. Neale Nugent's Tavern," 
Baltimore, Md., 337. 

" Mr. Sagar's, corner of Nassau 
and Little George streets," New 
York, 140. 

" Mr. William C. Sloan's, No. 338 
Broadway," 202. 

Mullan's Tavern, Philadelphia, 218. 

Munster, Ireland, 338, 341. 

Munster, King of, 338. 

Murphy, John, " of Belfast," 170. 

Murphy, William; His address, in 
1809, " To the people of the State 
of New York," 309, 310, 311, 
312, 3 T 3, 314, 315, 3i6, 317, 318, 
319, 320, 404. 

Murray, Rev. John, chaplain in the 
Rhode Island brigade besieging 
Boston, 404, 405. 

Murray, Rev. John (Newburyport, 
Mass.), a patriot of the Revolu- 
tion, 404, 405. 

Muster-Master-General of the 
Pennsylvania Navy, 216. 

Napoleon Bonaparte, 333. 

" Natives of Ireland, or of Irish 
Extraction," 16. 

" Natives of Ireland, or descend- 
ants of Irishmen," 225. 

" Naturalized Irishmen," addressed 
by " An Irishman of the Sixth 
Ward " (New York), in 1810, 

305- 

Navy of the United States, 177, 184, 
195, 198, 228, 230, 231, 232, 243, 
269. 

" Near Fort Stanwix on the Mo- 
hawk river," 386. 

" Near the foot of Wall Street, 
New York," 28. 

" Neilson and other patriots," 422. 

New England Society, The, 93. 



New Hampshire Infantry, The 
Third, 384. 

New Hampshire Regiment, Reed's, 
438. 

New Hampshire Veterans' Asso- 
ciation, 384. 

New Haven, Conn., The Hiber- 
nian Provident Society of, 266. 

New Jersey Minute Men, A regi- 
ment of, 427. 

New Jersey Regiment of the Line, 
A, 427. 

Nesbitt, John Maxwell, one of the 
founders of the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; ac- 
tive in the cause of liberty, 215, 
218, 219, 222, 225, 406. 

New Jersey Historical Society, 349. 

New Orleans, Battle of, 199, 376. 

Newry, S. C, " Innisfallen," 249, 
250. 

New Settlers, Bounty allowed to, 7. 

New York, A ball given in the 
Bowery Theatre, 65. 

New York, Adams Hotel, William 
st, no, 112, 113. 

New York, A dinner of 500 covers 
partaken of there by Lord Raw- 
don's Volunteers of Ireland, 30, 

31. 

New York, Alex. Cranston & Co., 
prominent merchants of, 353. 

New York, A meeting in 1815 of 
*' naturalized Irishmen," 347. 

New York and other Irish Emi- 
grant Associations, 176. 

New York and Vicinity During the 
War of 1812-15, Guernsey's, 393. 

New York, Anniversary event at 
the Union Hotel, 50. 

New York, A Shamrock ball in, 
201, 202. 

New York, A St. Patrick dinner, 
" at Corre's," 351. 

New York, " At the Bowery Long 
Room, 58 Bowery," 395. 

New York, " Bolton and Sigell's," 
27, 28. 

New York, Bowling Green, 19. 

New York, Bowery Theatre Ho- 
tel, 202. 

New York, Bradford's Coffee 
House, 45, 46. 

New York, Byrne's Fly Market 
Hotel, 174. 

New York Chamber of Commerce, 
447, 448. 

New York, Chancellor Jones' 
vault, St. Mark's church, 361. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



473 



New York, " Connolly's Hotel, 
corner of Nassau and George 
streets," 140. 

New York: " Cream of the cream 
of the old families here " (re- 
ferring to cerain Irish families 
in that city), 387. 

New York, Constable & Co., of, 
350. 

New York, Constable, Rucker & 
Co., of, 350. 

New York, Cunningham & McCor- 
mick of, 382. = 

New York, David Bryson,, " one of 
the tanners and curriers of the 
' swamp,' " 340. 

New York, Dennis H. Doyle, a 
director of the Franklin Bank, 
358. 

New York District Court, 373. 

New York, Dudley Persse, of 
Persse & Brooks, 415. 

New York, Early members of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick of, 
102, 103, 104, 105. 

New York, Edmund Burke is ap- 
pointed agent for the colony of 
New York, 341. 

New York, Fifteen hundred Irish 
residents of, volunteer during the 
War of 1812-15 for work on the 
defences, 321. They form in two 
divisions and embark for Brook- 
lyn, 321, 322, 323. 

New York, Fourth of July ob- 
servances by Irish societies in, 
321, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 393. 

New York, Gen. John Cochrane of, 

349- 

New York, " George and Hugh 
Pollock, merchants," 416. 

New York. Governor Clinton en- 
tertains officers of the American 
army, 35. 

New York, Grand Sachem of the 
Tammany Society, 121, 123. 

New York harbor, A gunboat flo- 
tilla in, 414. 

New York Historical Society, 108, 
145, 348, 428, 446. 

New York, " Hugh & Alexander 
Wallace," of, 448. 

New York, " Intersection of Wil- 
liam and Wall streets," 19. 

New York, " In the Bowery Lane," 
31. 

New York, Irish drama at the 
Chatham Theatre, 201. 

New York Irishmen appealed to, 



in 1810, to vote the Republican 
ticket, 305. 

New York Irishmen warned, in 
1810, against the Federalists, 305. 

New York Irish societies take part 
in the procession in that city, in 
1818, on the reinterment of the 
remains of Gen. Richard Mont- 
gomery, 401. 

New York, John Haggerty, " the 
richest auctioneer in the city," 
369; Haggerty & Austen, 369; 
Haggerty & Sons, 369, 370; Hag- 
gerty, Draper & Jones, 370. 

New York, John Marshall's house 
" at Mount Pleasant, near the 
college," 390. 

New York, Legislature of the State 
of, 261, 348, 360, 366, 372. 

New York Literary and Philosoph- 
ical Society, 348. 

New York, " Macomb's purchase 
in the northern part of the State 
of," 388. 

New York, " Mayor, Aldermen, 
and Commonalty of the city of," 
298. 

New York, Mechanics' Hall, cor- 
ner of Broadway and Park Place, 
49. 

New York, Meeting of naturalized 
Irishmen, 305. 

New York, Memorial tablet to 
Michael Hogan in Grace church, 

374- 

New York, Merchants' Coffee 

House, 46. 
New York, Metropolitan Museum 

of Fine Arts, 416. 
New York, " Military Hall, 11 

Spruce street," 201. 
New York, " Mr. James Harrison's 

Northern Hotel, Cortlandt 

street," 202. 
New York: Observance at the 

City Tavern in 1790, 303, 304. 
New York, Observance in 1801 by 

the Hibernian Provident Society 

of, 108. 
New York: "Mr. Sagar's, corner 

of Nassau and Little George 

streets," 140. 
New York, " Near the foot of Wall 

Street," 28. 
New York, " Near the Meal Mar- 
ket," 395. 
New York perpetually quarrelling 

with its English governors, 9. 
New York, Phoenix Fire Com- 
pany of, 310, 313. 



474 



A GENERAL INDEX 



New York province, Governor 
Thomas Dongan of, 25, 356, 357. 

New York, One of the Dutch 
Governors of, 428. 

New York, Queen's Head Tavern, 
28. 

New York Rangers, The Corps of, 
192. 

New York: Reinterment of the re- 
mains of Gen. Montgomery, 308. 

327- 
New York, Rejoicing on the entry 
to the city of the patriot army, 

35- 

New York: Robert Donaldson's 
" magnificent place on the North 
river," 356. 

New York State Constitutional 
Convention, 339. 

New York: Shamrock Friendly 
Association takes part, in 1818, 
in the procession at the re-inter- 
ment of the remains of Gen. 
Montgomery, 327. 

New York, Statue to the British 
king set up in, 19. 

New York, Statue to William Pitt 
erected in, 19. 

New York, " Stewart & Co., near 
the Coffee House," 420. 

New York, St. John's Hall, Frank- 
fort street, 144. 

New York, St. Paul's church- 
yard, 351, 361, 401, 417, 432. 

New York, St. Peter's church, 417. 

New York suits in chancery, Two, 
385. 

New York, Supreme Court of, 384, 
432. 

New York, " Tanners and curriers 
of the ' Swamp,' " 340. 

New York, The Americans take 
possesion of, 35. 

New York, The Bank Coffee 
House, 52, 53, 54, ss, 60, 61, 64, 
65, 68, 69, 73, 74, 100, 101, 102, 
210, 357. 

New York, " The Bowery Long 
Room," 202. 

New York, The British evacuate, 

34- 

New York, The City Hotel, 80, 81, 
85, 86, 87, 93- 

New York, The City Tavern; 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick's 
dine there on St. Patrick's An- 
niversary for many years, 47. 

New York, "The Coffee House," 
conducted by Mr. Bradford in 
Water street, near Wall," 337. 



New, York, The Commercial Cof- 
fee House, 198, 200. 

New York, The Druid's Grand 
Lodge, 190, 193. 

New York, The Druid's Head 
Tavern, 193. 

New York, The firm D. & John 
Phelan of, 415. 

New York, The firm of Lynch & 
Stoughton, 385. 

New York, The firm " Moore, 
Lynsen & Co., auctioneers," 394. 

New York, The First regiment of, 

395- 

New York, The Friendly Brothers 

of St. Patrick, 13, 23, 25. 
New York, The Fulton bank of, 

329- 

New York, " The grandest din- 
ners that ever were given in this 
city," 373- 

New York, The Hibernian 
Friendly Knot, 13, 192, 193, 

New York, The Hibernian Vol- 
unteers, 190, 191, 192. 

New York, The house of Greg, 
Cunningham & Co., 434. 

New York, The " Irish Greens " of, 

393- 

New York, The King's Council 
of, 448. 

New York, The Lynch family of, 
385, 386, 387. 

New York, The Manhattan bank, 
437- 

New York, Thomas Addis Emmet 
becomes Attorney-General of the 
State of, 361. 

New York, The Niblo Gardens, 
406. 

New York, "The Old Coffee 
House," 49, 98. 

New York, The Phoenix Coffee 
House," 49, 98. 

New York, The Republican 
Greens, 160, 324, 326, 393. 

New York, The Stuyvesant " Bou- 
erie farm," 428. 

New York, The " Swamp " dis- 
trict, 340, 382. 

New York, The Tontine Coffee 
House, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 98, 99, 
100. 

New York, The Washington Ho- 
tel, 51. 

New York: The yellow fever epi- 
demic, 330. 

New York: Three Irishmen pur- 
chase nearly a tenth part of the 
entire State, 351, 388, 394- 



A GENERAL INDEX 



475 



New York, Trinity church, 416, 

434- 

New York, Two Celebrations of 
St. Patrick's Day mentioned as 
taking place in 1788, 46. 

New York, Union Hotel, William 
St., 306. 

New York, " V. Blake, merchant, 
75 Broad St.," 335. 

New York, William Wallace & 
Co., 435. 

Niagara, Army of the, 339. 

Niagara, Banks of the, 188. 

Niagara frontier, The, 393. 

Niblo Gardens, The, New York, 
406. 

Niblo, William, of New York, 
spoken of as " the matchless 
and incomparable Niblo," 406. 

Nicholson, John, Comptroller- Gen- 
eral of Pennsylvania, 231. 

" Nine Irish Immigrants to one 
from all other nations in Eu- 
rope," 7. 

Ninth and Twenty-eighth Massa- 
chusetts regiments, 356. 

Ninth Regiment of Pennsylvania, 

341. 
Nixon, John, reads and proclaims 

the Declaration of Independence 

to the people at Philadelphia, 406. 
" No. 44 Fly-market," New York, 

303- 
Non-Importation agreement, 398. 
North Carolina, Hillsboro Military 

Academy, 251. 
North Carolina State troops, Sec- 
ond regiment of, 430. 
" Northern Hotel, Cortlandt St.," 

202. 
North Point, Battle of, 247. 
Nullification Contest, 251. 
O'Brien, D. W., toastmaster at the 

Centennial Anniversary of the 

Boston Charitable Irish Society, 

268. 
O'Brien, M. M., of the Friendly 

Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, 

407. 
O'Brien, Rev. Mr., " pastor of St. 

Nicholas' Church," 273. 
Observance of St. Patrick's Day at 

Concert Hall, Boston (1837), 

267, 268. 
Observance at " Edward Moy- 

ston's," 223. 
Observances at Fulton's Tavern, 

Baltimore, 241. 
Observance at " George Evans'," 



Observance at " Mr. Kitchen's Cof- 
fee House," 229. 

Observances at " Mr. McShane's 
Tavern," 228, 229. 

Observance " At Mr. Patrick 
Byrne's in Front street," 226. 

Observance at " Mr. Neale Nu- 
gent' s Tavern," 246. 

Observances at the City Hotel, 
Philadelphia, 231. 

Observance at the City Hotel, 
Providence, R. I., 266. 

Observance at the Columbian Inn, 
Baltimore, 239. 

Observance at the Globe Tavern, 
Philadelphia, 244. 

Observance at the Harp and 
Crown Tavern, 227, 228. 

Observance " at the house of Sam- 
uel Richardt," 223. 

Observance at the Star Hotel, 
Philadelphia, 233. 

Observance at the Union Hotel, 
Philadelphia, 233. 

Observance at Vodge's Hotel, 229. 

Observance at Washington Hall, 
Providence, R. I., 266. 

Observance by the Irish Volun- 
teers, Charleston, S. C, 254. 

Observance in 1801, by the Hiber- 
nian Provident Society of New 
York, 108. 

Observance by St. Patrick's Ben- 
evolent Society, Charleston, S. 
C, 253, 254. 

Observance of St. Patrick's Day, 
1778, in Philadelphia, by men in 
the British service, 20. 

O'Connell, Daniel, Sketch of, 407. 

O'Connell Patrick, " chief marshal 
of the day," in 1843, at Provi- 
dence, R. I., 266. 

O'Conor, Charles, the eminent 
lawyer, 408, 445. 

" O'Connor, Russell and Emmet," 
in. 

Odes for the Centennial anniver- 
sary of the Boston Charitable 
Irish Society, 294, 295, 296, 297. 

Odds and ends, Curious and inter- 
esting, 298. 

O'Donnell, Capt. John, a promi- 
nent resident of Baltimore, Md., 
408. 

O'Donnell, Rev. James H., of the 
diocese of Hartford, Conn., 266, 
408. 

O'Donoju, Don Juan, lieutenant- 
general in the Spanish service; 



476 



A GENERAL INDEX 



viceroy of New Spain; signs a 
treaty with Iturbide, 408, 409. 

O'Driscoll, Daniel M., of Charles- 
ton, S. C, 252, 409. 

Oglethorpe, 396. 

O'Halloran, of Castletown, a 
teacher of Edmund Burke, 7. 

O'Hara, Gen., 362. 

Old and New Spain, 188. 

" Old Master " Kelly, an Irish ped- 
agogue in Rhode Island, 414. 

Old Merchants of New York City, 
Barrett's, 373, 387, 394. 

" Olive and vine on the Mississip- 
pi," 195- 

Oliver, John, founder of the Hi- 
bernian Free School, Baltimore, 
Md., 62, 84, 242, 409. 

O'Neale, John, of the Hibernian 
Provident Society, New York, 
309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 
3i6, 317, 318, 319, 320, 409. 

" On the banks of the Niagara," 
188. 

" On the Dock near the Ferry 
stairs, Water street," 191. 

One Hundred and Twelfth Anni- 
versary Dinner of the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick in the City of 
New York, 44. 

Operations against Canada, 430. 

'' Oppression, however it may en- 
chain the body, can never con- 
quer the mind," 189. 

Oration at Military Hall, New 
York, on St. Patrick's Day, 334. 

Oration by Garrit Gilbert, 175, 178. 

Oration by George A. O'Keefe, 
183, 184. 

Oration by Henry L. Pinckney, Jr., 
of Charleston, S. C, 254. 

Oration by President Boyd, of the 
Boston Charitable Irish Society, 
267, 271, 272, 273. 

Oration by Stephen P. Lemoine, 

Oration by William Bayley, at 
Military Hall, 11 Spruce St., N. 
Y., 334- 

" Order of Pacificators," 205. 

O'Reily, Don Alexander, gover- 
nor-general of Cuba, 417. 

Original ode in 1837 by Rev. Mr. 
Pierpont, 267. 

" Orr, Harvey and Bond," no. 

Orr, William, a martyr in the 
cause of Irish liberty, 409. 

" Ossian and Carolan," 156. 

Ossian, semi-historical Gaelic 
bard, 410. 



Ossianic poems, The, estimated to 
aggregate 80,000 or 100,000 lines, 
410. 

" Our brethren of the lately ac- 
quired Territory of the Flor- 
idas," 199. 

" Our Lord, the King," Toasts to, 
12. 

" Over P. Mooney's bookstore," 
214. 

Owenson, Miss, an Irish novelist, 
later and perhaps better known 
as Lady Morgan. 410. 

Owenson, Robert, an Irish actor, 
410. 

Pakenham, Lord, mortally wound- 
ed at the battle of New Orleans, 

Palladius, A Christian missionary 

in Ireland before St. Patrick, 

412. 
Palmer, Thomas F., transported to 

Botany Bay, 411. 
Panegyric on Washington, 345. 
Parliament of Bordeaux, 400. 
Parliament of Ireland, 12, 21, 22, 

171, 353, 359, 362, 368, 417, 432. 
Parliament. The British, 19, 368, 

407, 415. 

Parnell, Thomas, an Irish poet, 411. 

Patrick, Saint, Sketch of the life 
of, 411, 412, 413. 

Patriot army, Irish Rhode Island- 
ers in the, 23. 

Patriots of Mexico and South 
America, The, 176. 

Patterson, Elizabeth, who married 
Jerome Bonaparte, 242. 

Patton, John, a native of Sligo, 
Ireland; becomes a major-gen- 
eral in Pennsylvania, 413. 

Peacock, The British ship, 381. 

Peasantry of Ireland, The, 263. 

Pelham, Peter, " the father of fine 
arts in New England," 16. 413. 

Penal laws against Irish Roman 
Catholics, 362. 

Penn, Admiral Sir William, 414. 

Penn, John, governor of Penn- 
sylvania, 218, 413. 

Penn, Richard, a grandson of Wil- 
liam Penn of Pennsylvania, 414. 

Penn, William, the founder of 
Pennsylvania, 109, 414. 

Pennsylvania, Bank of, 332. 

Pennsylvania board of war, 332. 

Pennsylvania Border, Indian wars 
on the, 331. 

Pennsylvania, Commonwealth of, 
226, 230. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



477 



Pennsylvania Committee of Safety, 
406. 

Pennsylvania Constitutional Con- 
vention, 436. 

Pennsylvania, Fifth regiment of, 

341. 

Pennsylvania, Fourth Light Dra- 
goons of, 216, 403. 
Pennsylvania Gazette, The, 364. 
Pennsylvania Herald, The, 344. 
Pennsylvania Navy, The, 216. 
Pennsylvania, Ninth regiment of, 

341- 
Pennsylvania, President Reed of, 

220. 
Pennsylvania, Provincial Council 

of, 372. 
Pennsylvania, Sixteenth regiment 

of, 413- 
Pensylvania State navy, 399, 400. 
Pennsylvania State Regiment of 

Foot, 428. 
Pennsylvania State troops, 217, 

37i. 
Pennsylvania, Supreme Executive 

Council of, 355. 
Pennsylvania, The legislature of, 

340, 344- 
Pennsylvania, The Province of, 217. 
Pennsylvania, The Second regi- 
ment of, 355. 
Pennsylvania, The Sixth regiment 

of, 376. 
Pennsylvania, Third battalion of, 

428. 
Pennsylvania, University of, 217, 

342, 363, 364, 406, 420, 438, 441. 
Pennsylvania's western frontier, 18. 
Persse, Dudley, of Persse & 

Brooks, New York, Sketch of, 

415. 
Perry and Macdonough, " the he- 
roes of the Lakes," 232. 
Perry, Oliver Hazard, the victor 

in the battle of Lake Erie; his 

mother a native of Ireland, 414. 
Peter Pelham, the " father of fine 

arts in New England," 16. 
" Petersfield," residence of Peter 

G. Stuyvesant, in New York, was 

so called, 428. 
Phoenix Fire Company, New York, 

3io, 313- 
Philadelphia, British evacuation of, 

220. 
Philadelphia, Celebrations by the 

Hibernian Society of, 225, 226, 

227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 

234- 



Philadelphia Chamber of Com- 
merce, 363. 
Philadelphia, City of, taken by the 

British, 219. 
Philadelphia, City Tavern, 218. 
Philadelphia, First City Troop of, 

217, 337, 343, 344, 353, 357, 358, 

365. 
Philadelphia, Friendly Sons of St. 

Patrick of, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 

220, 221, 222, 223, 224. 
Philadelphia, George Meade & Co., 

of, 363, 398. 
Philadelphia in the Revolution, 

219. 
Philadelphia, Light Horse of, 217. 
Philadelphia, Mullan's Tavern, 218. 
Philadelphia, Observance at the 

Star Hotel, 233. 
Philadelphia, Port of, 217. 
Philadelphia, Smith's Tavern, 218. 
Philadelphia, St. Patrick's Benev- 
olent Society of, 232, 234. 
Philadelphia, The Erin Society of, 

232. 
Philadelphia, The Commercial 

Bank of, 334. 
Philadelphia, The firm John Searle 

& Co., 424. 
Philadelphia, The Hibernia Fire 

Company of, 332, 343, 351, 353, 

364- 

Philadelphia, The Montgomery 
Hibernia Greens celebrate, 233. 

Philadelphia, The Volunteer 
Greens of, 394. 

Philadelphia, Toast to the Friend- 
ly Sons of St. Patrick of, 234. 

Pierce, President, Sketch of, 408. 

Pierpont, Rev. Mr., contributes an 
original ode for the Centennial 
anniversary of the Boston Chari- 
table Irish Society, 295, 296, 297. 

Pike, Mr., " a spirited citizen of 
Salem," Mass., 214. 

Pilot, The Boston, 356. 

" Pirates of England and Algiers," 
195. 

Plattsburg, the British are de- 
feated at, 388. 

Plowden, Francis P., author of an 
Historical Review of the State of 
Ireland, etc., 156, 416. 

Poem by " Selim," 285, 286, 287. 

Poetical Contributions for St. Pat- 
rick's Day, 278. 

Point Pleasant, Battle of, 383. 

Pollock, Carlisle, a prominent New 
York merchant, 416. 



478 



A GENERAL INDEX 



Pollock, George, a merchant in 
1795 at 91 Water St., New York, 
416, 417. 

Pollock, Oliver, of the Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, 

417. 

Ponsonby, George, a member of 
the Irish Parliament, 171, 417. 

" Poor Ireland, for which God has 
done so much, and man so lit- 
tle! " 112. 

Port of Philadelphia, 217. 

Poterie, Abbe de la, 36. 

Power, Thomas, contributes an or- 
iginal ode to anniversary exer- 
cises, in 1837, of the Boston 
Charitable Irish Society, 296, 
297. 

Power, Very Rev. Dr. John, a Ro- 
man Catholic clergyman of New 
York, Sketch of, 417. 

Practical annihilation of Irish 
trade and manufacture, 6. 

President, The American ship, 421. 

Presidential Contest, The Hayes- 
Tilden, 408. 

Primogeniture abolished in Vir- 
ginia, 377. 

Princes of Ireland, 47. 

Princeton, Battle of, 216, 342, 357, 
370, 371, 436, 438. 

Princeton College, 336. 

Princeton, Rear guard of the Brit- 
ish at, 216. 

Prison ships, Martyrs of the, 162. 

Prison ship Jersey, The, 418. 

Privateer Congress, The, 433. 

Privateers fitted out during the 
Revolution, Many, by Patrick 
Tracy, of Newburyport, Mass., 
433- 

Procession at the reinterment of 
Gen. Montgomery's remains in 
New York, 308, 327. 

Project to establish a settlement 
on a tract of 40,000 acres in 
Steuben County, N. Y., 445. 

Prominent Baltimore Irishmen in 
1805, 242. 

Protestant Hall, Long Island, 28. 

Protestant Irishmen of family and 
education go to London, 7. 

Protestantism no test of race, 9. 

Protracted emigration of both 
Irish Catholics and Protestants, 
8. 

Prospectus of a Dictionary of the 
Language of the Aire-Coti or An- 
cient Irish, 434. 



Providence, R. I., account by 
" Hibernicus " of a celebration 
there, 266. 

Providence, R. I., St. Patrick's 
Day celebrations in, 261, 265, 
266. 

Providence, R. I., Celebration, in 
1843, by the Hibernian Orphan 
Society of, 266. 

Providence, R. I., John Devlin 
presides at an observance in, 265, 
266. 

Providence, R. I.: Patrick O'Con- 
nell, chief marshal of the day in 
1843, 266. 

Providence, R. I., Record Com- 
mission of, 23. 

Providence, R. I., Rev. Father 
Wiley lectures in, 266. 

Providence, R. I., St. Patrick's 
Benevolent Society of, 265. 

Providence, R. I., The Hibernian 
Orphan Society of, 14. 

Providence, R. I., Washington 
Hall, 266. 

Providence river, R. I., Irishmen 
work on fortifications along the, 
265, 321. 

Provincial Congress of Massachu- 
setts, 366. 

Provincial Council of Pennsylvan- 
ia, 372. 

Provincial Rangers under John 
Stark, 17, 18. 

Provisional army of the United 
States, 370, 371. 

Public dinner by William Mc- 
Donnell, 201, 202. 

Quaker Blues, The, 364. 

Quebec, Siege of, by Gen. Mont- 
gomery, 401. 

Quincy, Josiah, Jr., mayor of Bos- 
ton (1845), 267, 270, 273, 418. 

Queen's Head Tavern, New York, 
28. 

Rabun, William, of the Georgia 
Senate, 418. 

Raleigh, The frigate, 333. 

Ramsay, Dr. David, a patriot of 
the Revolution; historian of 
South Carolina, 418, 419. 

Ramsay on Irish Arrivals in South 
Carolina, 7. 

Randolph, John, of Roanoke, 
Sketch of, 419. 

Ranger, John Mitchell, captain of, 
the, 400. 

Rapacity and cruelty of English 
officials in India, 422. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



479 



Rawdon, Lord; he offers reward 
for capture of deserters from the 
Volunteers of Ireland, 32. 

Read, George, a signer of the Dec- 
laration of Independence, 419. 

Read, Thomas, son of an Irishman 
and brother of George Read, 
who was a signer of the Declar- 
ation of Independence, 419. 

Record Commission, Providence, 
R. I., 23. 

Recorder, The, of Boston, 408. 

Records of the United States War 
Department, 22. 

Recruits solicited for the " Volun- 
teers of Ireland," 31, 32. 

Reed, Joseph, aide-de-camp to 
Washington; Chief Justice of 
Pennsylvania, 420. 

Reed's New Hampshire regiment, 
438. 

Reed, President of Pennsylvania, 
220. 

Regiment of Dillon, The, 355. 

Regiment of Foot, Pennsylvania 
State, 428. 

Regiment of New Jersey Minute 
Men, 427. 

Regiment of the Line, A New Jer- 
sey, 427. 

Reinterment, at New York, of the 
remains of Gen. Montgomery, 
308, 327- 

Renshaw, Mr., " An excellent din- 
ner prepared by," 229. 

Repeal of the Union, 13. 

Reproduction of an interesting 
old pamphlet, 145, 146, 147. 

Republican Greens (Riflemen), 
The New York, 14, 160, 324, 326, 

393- 

" Republican Irish, resident in the 
United States," in. 

" Republican Youth of France," 
The, 112. 

Resolution by the Hibernian Provi- 
dent Society of New York, in 
defence of Cornelius Heeney, 
142. 

Result of an election, in 1817, by 
the Hibernian Provident So- 
ciety, New York, 308. 

Revolution, The French, 391. 

Revolution, The Phil Sheridan of 
the American, 216. 

Revolution, Sages and Heroes of 
the, 136. 

Rhode Island, Battle of, 429. 

Rhode Island brigade besieging 
Boston, 405. 



Rhode Island, Col. Israel Angell 

of, 23. 
Rhode Island Regiment, The First, 

331- 

Rhode Island, Second regiment of, 
in the Continental Line, 23. 

Rhode Islanders, Irish, in the pa- 
triot army, 23. 

Riall, Gen., 339. 

Richardson, Abigail, " An Irish 
woman " at Boston, 357. 

Riflemen, Capt. Stryker's, 393. 

Rights and Grievances of the Mas- 
sachusetts Colony, 36. 

" Right Honourable Lord Raw- 
don," The, 33. 

Rivington, James, believed to have 
acted as a spy for Washington, 
28, 29. 

Roanoke, John Randolph of, 60. 

Robinson, Edward, of Virginia, 89. 

Rochambeau, Count de, in com- 
mand of the French military 
force sent to aid the Americans, 
421. 

" Rockets, bonfires and other evi- 
dences of rejoicing," 35. 

Rodgers, Commodore John, cap- 
tures many British vessels, 421. 

Roman Catholics of Ireland, Rights 
of the, 344. 

Rome, Holy Church and Holy See 
of, 36. 

Rome, N. Y. (formerly Lynch- 
ville), founded by Dominick 
Lynch, 386. 

Rowan, Archibald Hamilton, 
Sketch of, 421, 422. 

Royal Hibernian Academy, The, 

59- 
Royal Irish Academy, The, 346, 

359- 
Royal Irish Regiment of Fgot, 

The Eighteenth, 370. 
Rutgers, Col. Henry, 160. 
Rutgers College, 330. 
" Ruthless and exterminating hand 

of tyranny," 200. 
Rutledge, Edward, a signer of the 

Declaration of Independence, 

Sketch of, 423. 
Rutledge, John, of South Carolina, 

Sketch of, 423. 
Sackett's Harbor, 140. 
" Sagar's, corner of Nassau and 

George streets," New York, 326. 
" Sages and Heroes of the Revolu- 
tion," 136. 
Saint Patrick, Sketch of the life of, 

411, 412, 413. 



480 



A GENERAL INDEX 



Salem, Mass., " An ancient resi- 
dent of," 214. 

Salem, Mass., An observance at 
the Mansion House, 214. 

Salem, Mass., Friends of Ireland 
of, 214. 

Salem, Mass., Mr. Pike, "a spirited 
resident of," 214. 

Salem, Mass., " one of the centres 
of the old witch craze," 214. 

Sandy Hook, a British blockading 
squadron off, 421. 

Sampson, William, Sketch of, 423. 

" S , An Irishman's Son," con- 
tributes a song, in 1828, for St. 
Patrick's Day, 289, 290. 

Sarsfield and Limerick, 6. 

Santee and the Pedee, 390. 

Sarsfield, Patrick, an illustrious 
Irish soldier, Sketch of, 423. 

Savannah, Ga., Act to incorporate 
the Hibernian Society of, 258, 

259- 

Savannah, Ga., Anniversary ora- 
tors of the Hibernian Society of, 
260. 

Savannah, Ga., John Courtenay 
settles in, 250. 

Savannah, Siege of, 396. 

School books for poor children of 
Irish extraction, Money voted in 
Boston for, 37. 

" Scotch and English patriots who 
sympathized with Ireland," 118. 

" Scotch-Irish," a distinction made 
by ill-instructed moderns, and 
adopted by shallow commenta- 
tors, 9. 

Scotia, Major, 167. 

Scotia Minor, 167. 

Scott, Gen., defeats the British at 
the battles of Chippewa and 
Lundy's Lane; conqueror of 
Mexico, 424; a guest of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, 232. 

Scottish Highlands, The, 410. 

Searle, James, of Philadelphia, 
" one of the greatest wits of his 
time, a high-bred gentleman," 
424. 

Second Pennsylvania brigade, 22. 

Second Pennsylvania regiment, 
The, 355- 

Second regiment of North Carolina 
State troops in the Civil War, 
430. 

Second Rhode Island regiment in 
the Continental Line, 23. 



Second war with England, 321, 322, 
323- 

" Select meeting of Irishmen," 225. 

" Selim " contributes a poem, 285, 
286, 287. 

Seminole Indians, Campaign 
against, 376. 

Senate of the State of Georgia, 418. 

Serapis, The British 44-gun ship, 
216, 378. 

" Seven centuries of British per- 
secution," 184. 

" Severe stricture upon the policy 
of the English government," 205. 

Shamrock ball, A, in New York, 
201, 202. 

Shamrock Friendly Association, 
New York, Celebrations by, 174, 
175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 
182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 
189. 

Shamrock Friendly Association of 
New York presents an address 
to Andrew Jackson, 308. 

Shamrock Friendly Association, 
New York, takes part in the pro- 
cession, in 1818, at the reinter- 
ment of Montgomery's remains, 
327. 

Shamrock Hall, 194. 

Shamrock, Rose, and Thistle, 67. 

Shamrock, The, as an Irish em- 
blem, 47. 

Shamrock, The (publication), 188, 
234, 261, 262, 291, 321, 322, 379, 

445- 

Shannon, The, British ship, 381. 

Sharpsburg, Battle of, 251. 

Shillelah, The ship, ^33- 

Siege and capture of Yorktown, 
342. 

Siege of Boston, 331, 380, 405, 429, 
.430. 

Siege of Charleston, S. C, 390. 

Siege of Louisburg, 35, 400. 

Siege of Quebec by Gen. Mont- 
gomery, 401. 

Siege of Savannah, 396. 

Siege of Yorktown, 421. 

Sir William Johnson, " an Irish- 
man by birth," 17, 18, 19. 

Sirr, Major, agent of the Dublin 
castle authorities, 422, 425. 

Six Nations, The, 17. 

Sixteenth Pennsylvania regiment, 

4.I3- 
" Sixteenth Regiment of Foot," 

The, 25, 27, 28, 34. 
Sixth Pennsylvania regiment, 376. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



481 



Sloan, Samuel, oldest living presi- 
dent of the New York Friendly 
Sons of St. Patrick, 448. 

Smith's History of Cork, 154. 

Smith's Tavern, Philadelphia, 218, 
219. 

Smythe, Major A. T., of Charles- 
ton, S. C, 252. 

Society of the Cincinnati, 218, 333, 
349, 355, 370, 380. 

Society of the United Irishmen, 
124, 212, 330, 336, 360, 361, 362, 
363, 403, 409, 421, 422, 423, 424, 
425, 432. . 

Song contributed in 1828, by 

" S , an Irishman's Son," 289, 

290. 

Song for St. Patrick's Day, 1789, 
addressed " to the St. Patrick's 
Society of New York," 282. 

Song for St. Patrick's Day, by 
Mathew Carey, 280. 

Song written in 1786, for St. Pat- 
rick's Day, by " Hibernicus," 279. 

Sons of Erin of Albany, N. Y., 
14, 262, 264, 265. 

Sons of Erin, Boston, Celebration 
by, 14, 214. 

Sons of Erin, of Washington, D. 
C, Celebration by the, 14, 263, 
264, 265. 

Sons of Hibernia, 192. 

" Sons of Hibernia and citizens in 
general," invited to call and view 
some beef at 44 Fly Market, 
New York, 303. 

Sons of Liberty destroy Riving- 
ton's printing plant, 29. 

South Carolina, British power 
prostrated in, 369. 

South Carolina Gazette and County 
Journal, 248. 

South Carolina, Governor A. G. 
McGrath of, 390. 

South Carolina, Legislature of, 343. 

South Carolina Military Academy, 

251. 

Southern Confederacy, 251. 

South, The, Bounty allowed to new 
settlers in, 7. 

Spain, Old and New, 188. 

Spain surrenders Mexico, 409. 

Spanish colonists in South Amer- 
ica, The, 237. 

Springfield, Mo., Battle of, 251. 

Stael, Madame de, 354. 

Stamp-Act Congress, The, 340, 423. 

Stamp Act, Repeal of the, 19, 28. 

Star Hotel, Harmony Court, Phil- 
adelphia, 233. 

3i 



Stark, John, Provincial Rangers 
under, 17, 18; Sketch of, 426. 

State Assembly of Maryland, 345. 

State of Pennsylvania invaded by 
the British army, 219. 

Statue to the British King set up 
in New York City, 19; also one 
to William Pitt, 19. 

" Sterne, Swift, Burke, Sheridan, 
Montgomery, Grattan, Moore, 
Curran, Parnell, Farquhar," 56. 

Steuben, Gen. Baron, a guest of 
the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, Philadelphia, 222. 

Stewart, Alexander, of the New 
York Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, 427. 

" Stewart & Co., near the Coffee 
House," 420. 

Stewart, Col. Charles, a native of 
County Donegal, Ireland; mem- 
ber of the American Continental 
Congress; Sketch of, 427. 

Stewart, Gen. Walter, vice-presi- 
dent of the Hibernian Society, 
Philadelphia; Sketch of, 427, 428. 

Stillwater, Battle of, 341. 

Stony Point recaptured from the 
British, 436. 

Stony Point, Storming of, 342, 428. 

" Stories of the Spanish Wars," 
7- 

Stoughton, Don Thomas, a promi- 
nent New York merchant; part- 
ner of Dominick Lynch, 385. 

Stoughton vs. Lynch, and Lynch 
vs. Stoughton, Two suits in 
chancery (New York), 385. 

St. Finbar's Cathedral, Charles- 
ton, S. C, 254. 

" St. George & St. Patrick, St. An- 
drew, St. David," 34. 

St. George's Society, New York, 
61, 67, 69, 71, 72 76, 81, 83, 87, 89. 

" St. George, St. Andrew, St. Her- 
man," 244. 

St. Germain of Auxerre, 412. 

St. James, Court of, 172. 

St. John's hall, New York, 68, 144, 
203. 

St. Lawrence, Joseph, " from Ire- 
land, merchant," petition to be al- 
lowed to carry on business in 
Boston, 16. 

St. Martin of Tours, 412. 

St. Mary's Churchyard, Philadel- 
phia, 20. 

St. Nicholas Society, New York, 
87, 93- 



482 



A GENERAL INDEX 



St. Patrick, A sketch of, 411, 412, 

413- 

" St. Patrick's Ball," held in Balti- 
more (1795), 238. 

St. Patrick's Benevolent Society, 
Charleston, S. C, 253, 254. 

St. Patrick's Benevolent Society, 
New York, 14. 

St. Patrick's Benevolent Society, 
Philadelphia, 232, 234. 

St. Patrick's Benevolent Society, 
Providence, R. I., 265. 

St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, 
429. 

St. Patrick's Club, or Friendly 
Brothers of St. Patrick, Charles- 
ton, S. C, 14 

St. Patrick's Day Celebration at 
Valley Forge, in 1778, 12. 

St. Patrick's Day: Earliest known 
celebration on American soil, 5. 

St. Patrick's Day (1737), Irish in 
Boston organize a society on. 9, 
15, 16, 17. 

St. Patrick's Day (1780), Gen. 
Washington congratulates the 
army in an order for, 21. 

St. Patrick's Day, 1812, in Balti- 
more, 245. 

St. Patrick's Day in Charleston, 
S. C, 248. 

St. Patrick's Day in Kentucky, 254. 

St. Patrick's Day, " one of general 
festivity in the American army," 

23- 
St. Patrick's Day (1776), The Brit- 
ish evacuate Boston on, 19. 
St. Patrick's Day Ushered In 

" With Fifes and Drums," 25, 26. 
" St. Patrick " designated as a 

countersign, by Washington, 

in 1776, 15. 
St. Patrick, Friendly Brothers of, 

27, 28, 29, 33, 34. 
St. Patrick Honored in 1757 at 

Fort William Henry, 11; at 

Fort Pitt in 1763, 11. 
St. Patrick's Lodge of Masons at 

Johnstown, N. Y. ; 18, 19, 23; 

lodge at Portsmouth, N. H., 23, 

24. 
St. Patrick's Society, Hartford, 

Conn., 266. 
St. Patrick's Society, of Albany, 

N. Y., 261, 265. 
St. Paul's Churchyard, New York 

City, 351, 361, 401. 
St. Peter's church, New York, 417. 
St. Tammany and St. Patrick, 

" The Sons of," 235. 



Stuart, Gilbert, 416. 

Stuyvesant, Peter G, a founder 
of the New York Historical So- 
ciety, 428. 

Subscription ball in Baltimore, 239. 

Suffern, Thomas, 54, 57, 68, 69, 80, 
85, 86, 87, 89, 103, 429. 

Sullivan, James, governor of Mas- 
sachusetts, 429. 

Sullivan, Gen. John, Sketch of, 
429. 

Supreme Court of New York, 384. 

Supreme Court of Tennessee, 376. 

Supreme Court of the United 
States, 384. 

Surrender of Cornwallis, 348, 432. 

Surrender of Mexico by Spain, 
409. 

Surrender of the British general 
Burgoyne, 384. 

Surrender of Yorktown, 383. 

Swanton, Robert, president in 1802- 
1808 of the New York Hibernian 
Provident Society, Sketch of, 
429. 

" Swift and Curran," 152. 

Swift's Famous Advice to Irish- 
men, 6. 

Swift, Jonathan, dean of St. Pat- 
rick's Cathedral, Dublin, Sketch 
of, 429. 

" Swordplay there was in plenty," 
8. 

Tammany and Columbian So- 
cieties, 324. 

Tammany Hall, 63. 

Tammany Monument, The, 162. 

Tammany Society, Grand Sachem 
of the, 121, 123. 

Tammany Society, The, 124, 127, 
140, 156, 160, 197, 325, 327. 

Tammany, The Sons of, 158. 

Tara, The Hill of, 338. 

" Tars of Columbia," The, 247. 

Taylor, John, treasurer of the. Hi- 
bernian Society, Philadelphia, 
225. 

Taylor, Robert, secretary of the 
Hibernian Society, Philadelphia, 
229. 

Temple, Capt. Robert, came from 
Ireland in 1717 and settled at 
Boston, 430. 

Templeton, Oliver, of the New 
York Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, 430. 

Ten Eyck, Philip, 391. 

" Ten guineas for the head of any 
deserter from the Volunteers of 
Ireland," 32. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



483 



Tennessee Militia, The, 376. 

Tennessee, State Constitution of, 
376. 

Tennessee, Supreme Court of, 370. 

Tenth Massachusetts Volunteers, 
338. 

" Ten Townships," The, on the St. 
Lawrence river, 351. 

Tew, Charles Courtenay, colonel of 
the Second Regiment, North 
Carolina State troops, 251. 

" That convivial spirit which ever 
distinguished the true Milesian," 
46. 

" That hospitality which character- 
terizes the Irish nation," 50. 

" That political faction in America 
which favored closer bonds with 
Great Britain," 237. 

" The banners of St. George and 
of St. Andrew," 55. 

" The Coffee House," conducted 
by Mr. Bradford, New York 
City, 45, 46. 

" The Congress of '75," 263. 

" The emblem of tyranny was soon 
removed," 35. 

" The Fair of Columbia and Hi- 
bernia," 109. 

" The friends of Ireland, the friends 
of liberty, and the friends of 
man," 207. 

The Gael, New York City, 236. 

" The glorious memory of King 
William," Toast to, 26. 

The Governor, Lieut. Governor 
and other officials attend St. Pat- 
rick's Day events in New York 
City, 45- 

" The harp, as it ought to be, un- 
crowned," 114, 116. 

" The Harp freed from the Crown," 
152, 157- 

" The health of John Chambers, 
Esq., our worthy president," 
346. 

" The highest office is held by the 
son of an Irishman," 42. 

" The Honorable Thomas McKean, 
LL.D., Chief Justice of the Com- 
monwealth aforesaid " (Pennsyl- 
vania), 226. 

" The Independence of Ireland," 

23- 

"The Irish Bar," 152. 

"The Irish Society," Boston; the 
present Charitable Irish So- 
ciety, stated to have been at 
first so known, 15, 272. 

" The Grave of Russell," 422. 



" Their worthy friends in the king- 
dom of Ireland," 23. 

" The last Irish harper," 15. 

" The last of that devoted phalanx 
who lifted upon the storm the 
banner of American indepen- 
dence," 213. 

" The memory of Orr," Toast to, 
12. 

" The late Parliament of Ireland," 
in. 

" The name of Clinton on the 
right, and that of Emmet on the 
left," 56. 

Theobald Wolfe Tone — Alpha; 
Robert Emmet — Omega, 167. 

" The Old Coffee House," Water 
st., near Wall, 49. 

The newly acquired Territory of 
Florida, 180. 

" The outflow of Catholic Irish- 
men, gentlemen and peasants," 
7, 8. 

" The Phil Sheridan of the Revo- 
lution," 216. 

" The Principal Knot of the 
Friendly Brothers of St. Pat- 
rick," 27, 28. 

These (New York) Irish families 
are " the cream of the cream of 
the old families here," 387. 

" The Rhine, the Po, and the Dan- 
ube," 195. 

" The Spinning Wheel and the 
Loom," 152, 157. 

"The State of Ohio— May she 
prove a second Kentucky," 114. 

" The traditions of Irish charity 
and hospitality," 45. 

The twenty-six original members 
of the Charitable Irish Society, 
Boston, Mass., 16, 17. 

" The Venerable Bishop of Nor- 
wich," 67. 

" The vent of ebullient, uncrusha- 
ble souls," 10. 

" The Westward Floating Celtic 
Tide," 5. 

" The World Republican, and God 
the only King," 116. 

" The wrongs of a brave and hu- 
mane people in their native 
land," 175. 

" The youth of Ireland," 61. 

" Third Ave. and the Bowery," 35. 

Third Battalion of Associators, 
398. 

Third New Hampshire Infantry, 
384. 



4 8 4 



A GENERAL INDEX 



Third New York regiment in the 
Revolution, 348. 

Third Pennsylvania battalion, 428. 

Third Pennsylvania regiment, 217. 

Third U. S. Artillery, 396. 

Thomson, Charles, many years sec- 
retary of Congress; "the soul 
of the cause of Liberty," 431. 

Thompson, Gen. William, a dis- 
tinguished soldier of the Revo- 
lution, 430. 

Ticonderoga, The French strong- 
hold of, 17, 18. 

Tiernan, Luke, an eminent mer- 
chant of Baltimore, 241, 431. 

Tilghman, Col. Tench, selected by 
Washington to carry to Phila- 
delphia the news of Cornwallis' 
surrender, 432. 

" To assist unfortunate and dis- 
tressed natives of Ireland," 44. 

Toasts to " Our Lord the King," 
12. 

" To fall upon the rear guard of 
the British," 216. 

" To intercept the retreat of Lord 
Cornwallis," 368. 

" To keep ever vigorous the love 
of Ireland and of the Irish char- 
acter," 44. 

" To London and fame they drift- 
ed," 7. 

Tompkins, Daniel D., governor of 
New York; vice-president of 
the United States, 123, 127, 129, 
139, 171, 197, 432. 

Tone, Theobald, Wolfe, of the 
United Irishmen, 167, 169, 176, 
422, 423, 432. 

Tontine Coffee House, New York 
City, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 98, 99, 
100, 304, 306. 

Tracy, Daniel, of Newburyport, 
Mass., entertains the officers of 
Arnold's expedition against Can- 
ada, 433. 

Tracy, Patrick, a prominent and 
influential citizen of Newbury- 
port, Mass., 432, 433. 

Treaty of Limerick, 185, 423. 

Trenton, Battle of, 342, 357, 369, 
370, 410. 426, 429, 436, 438. 

Tribute to St. Patrick, at Boston 
(in 1768), 15, 19. 

Trinity church, New York, The 
records of, 416. 

Trinity College, Dublin, 39. 350, 
359, 360, 400, 416, 417, 424, 429. 

Tripolitan War, The, 354. 



Twelfth Congress of the United 
States, 135, 136. 

Twenty-seventh regiment, First 
battalion of the (Baltimore), 
384. 

" Twenty trout among the viands 
specially provided," 64. 

Two Celebrations of St. Patrick's 
Day, mentioned as taking place 
in New York City, in 1788, 46. 

Ulster Ireland, 341, 345, 422, 446. 

" Unburied bones of the victims 
of British tyranny," 127, 128. 

United Irishmen, Coming of the 
banished leaders of the, 12. 

United Irishmen, The, 12, 124, 212, 
330, 336, 360, 361, 362, 363, 403, 
409, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 432. 

United Irishmen, The, send an ad- 
dress to Scotland, 403. 

" United rays of true Irish man- 
hood and Irish intelligence," 
The, 249. 

United States, Agriculture of the, 
230. 

United States, Army of the, 134, 
177, 184, 195, 230, 231, 232, 269, 

339- 
United States Catholic Miscellany, 

361. 
United States, Commerce of the, 

230. 
United States Government, 49. 
United States, Manufactures of the, 

230. 
United States, Military of the, 191. 
United States, Militia of the, 177, 

230, 231, 232. 
United States Mint, 336. 
United States, Navy of the, 177, 

184, 195, 228, 230, 231, 232, 243, 

269. 
United States, Provisional army 

of the, 370, 371. 
U.S.S. Chesapeake, 381. 
U.S.S. Hornet, 381. 
United States, The frigate, 334. 
United States, The Manufacturers 

of the, 243. 
United States, The Senate of the, 

90. 
United States Supreme Court, 223, 

384. 
United States, The Twelfth Con- 
gress of the, 135, 136. 
United States War Department, 

Records of the, 22. 
" Uniting and protecting the Irish 

harp and the shield of the United 

States," 56. 



A GENERAL INDEX 



485 



University of Glasgow, 360. 
University of Pennsylvania, 217, 

330, 342, 363, 364, 406, 420, 438. 
Ursuiine Convent in Charlestown, 

Mass., Destruction of, 342. 
Utica Hibernian Society, 56. 
Valentine's Manual, 416. 
Valiancy, Gen., Sketch of, 434. 
Valley Forge, American patriot 

army at, 12, 20, 426. 
Valley Forge, Celebration at (in 

1778), 12. 
Valley Forge, Disturbance at, 20. 
Van Buren, Martin, 346. 
Van Wyck, Pierre C, New York, 

108, 124. 
Verplanck, Cornelia, New York, 

416. 
Verplanck, Daniel C, New York, 

434- 
Verplanck, Hon. Gulian C, New 

York, Sketch of, 434. 
Virginia Assembly, The, 389, 400. 
Virginia House of Burgeses, 377. 
Virginia, Irish settlers in Prince 

Orange County, 389. 
Virgina Line, The, 436. 
Virginia, Primogeniture abolished 

in, 377- 

Virginia Supreme Court of Ap- 
peals, 383. 

Virginia, The Lewis family of, 383. 

Vogde's Hotel, Philadelphia, 229. 

Volunteer Convention, The Irish, 
421. 

Volunteer Greens, The, of Phila- 
delphia, 394. 

Volunteer's Journal, The, 344. 

" Volunteers of Ireland," Lord 
Rawdon's, 12, 13, 30, 31, 32, 33. 

" Volunteers of Ireland," Many 
leave the British ranks and take 
refuge among the patriots, 32. 

Walsh, Andrew, addresses the Hi- 
bernian Orphan Society, Provi- 
dence, R. I. (in 1843), 266. 

War of 1812, 13, 237, 254, 265, 343, 
379, 388, 389, 392, 393, 394, 396, 
421, 432, 438. 

Warren, Admiral Sir Peter, an 
Irishman, 17. 

Warren, R. I., The town of, named 
in honor of an Irishman, 435. 

Warren, Sir Peter, an Irishman, de- 
feats the French off Cape Finis- 
terre, 435. 

" Wars of the Polish and Austrian 
Successions," 8. 

Washington adopted as a member 



by the Friendly Sons of St. Pat- 
rick, Philadelphia, 221, 222, 224. 

Washington, a guest of the Friend- 
ly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadel- 
phia, 222. 

Washington Association, The, 23. 

Washington, Catholic address to, 
386. 

Washington congratulates the 
army in an order for St. Pat- 
rick's Day (1780), 21. 

Washington, D. C, Celebrations in, 
261, 262, 263. 

Washington, D. C, The Sons of 
Erin of, 263, 264, 265. 

Washington designates " St. Pat- 
rick " as the countersign, in 1776, 

15- 

Washington dines with the Friend- 
ly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadel- 
phia, 12, 435. 

Washington entertained by the 
Tracys, of Newburyport, Mass., 
433- 

Washington, Fort, 342. 

Washington (George), 11, 12, ({V 
(id, 2j£) 21, 35, 65, 67, 79, 109, 1 if? 
Y13, 136, 155, ,s f6o, 164, 165, 169, 
181, 184, 187, 191, 196, 199, 208, 
216, 221, 222, 224, 228, 230, 234, 
247, 322, 335, 342, 343, 345, 350, 
367, 370, 37i, 374, 377, 380, 381, 
386, 391, 398, 399, 403, 419, 420, 
428,^ 429, 432, 433, 435. 

Washington Hall, New York, 174, 
179, 183. 

Washington Hotel, The, New 
York, 51. 

Washington issues orders for the 
observance of St. Patrick's Day, 
1780, 12. 

Washington: James Mease surren- 
ders his own medal to be given 
him, 221. 

Washington locates at Fraunce's 
Tavern, 35. 

Washington, Major, a guest of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 
Philadelphia, 222, 435. 

Washington, Panegyric on, 345. 

Washington's reply to an address 
from the Friendly Sons of St. 
Patrick, Philadelphia, 221 222. 

Washington, William Augustus, 
435, 436. 

Wasp, The U. S. S., 442. 

Waterford, Ireland, 380, 408. 

Wayne, Gen. Anthony, a distin- 
guished soldier of the Revolu- 
tion, Sketch of, 436. 



4 86 



A GENERAL INDEX 



Weaver's Artillery, Baltimore, fires 
a salute in honor of St. Patrick's 
Day, 437. 

Wellesley, Marquis and Marchion- 
ess of, 60. 

" We had St. Patrick's fetes in 
every manner," 18. 

West Point: " A great parade this 
day with the Irish " (in 1781), 

331- 

West Point, Americans encamped 
at, 23, 331. 

West Point, Celebration of the day, 
at, 23, 331. 

West Point, U. S. Military Acad- 
emy, 382. 

Western Star and Harp of Erin, 138, 
304. 

Westward floating Celtic tide, The, 

5- 

Wexford, Ireland, 43, 333, 357, 406, 
412. 

Whelen, Rev. Michael, an Irish 
Franciscan, 254. 

" Wheresoever men were fighting 
for independence," 237. 

"Where the liberal host, Mr. 
Ryan," 43. 

" Wherever in Europe a true man's 
sword was needed," 6. 

Whitaker, Benjamin, speaker of 
the Georgia House of Represen- 
tatives, 259. 

Whitehaven, Eng., An American 
force landed at, 378. 

White, John Campbell, grand- 
father of a distinguished Mary- 
land lawyer, 241. 



" White marble palace," The, of 
William Edgar, New York, 359. 

White Plains, Battle of, 370, 400. 

White, Rt. Rev. Bishop, a guest of 
the Hibernian Society, Philadel- 
phia, 232. 

Wicklow, Ireland, 360, 412. 

Wicklow mountains, The, 360. 

" Wild Geese," Flight of the, 8. 

Wiley, Rev. Father, lectures in 
1842 for the Hibernian Orphan 
Society, Providence, R. I., 266. 

Wilson, James, Associate Justice 
of the U. S. Supreme Court, a 
guest of the Philadelphia 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 223. 

Witch Craze, The old, 214. 

" With more consistent grimness of 
character the Irish would have 
achieved their aspirations; equal- 
ly it may be said that with more 
grimness in them, they would 
have been annihilated," 10. 

" With quaint officials bearing sil- 
ver keys," 9, 16. 

Woodworth, S., writes a song for 
a St. Patrick's Day event, 82. 

Xifre, Joseph, of Cuba; associated 
with Gideon Lee and other New 
York people in a business enter- 
prise, 382. 

Yale College, 343, 373. 

Yellow fever epidemic, New York, 
330. 

Youghal, Ireland, 417. 

Young Friends of Ireland, Boston, 
Mass., 14, 214. 

Young Irelanders of 1848, The, 5. 



AN INDEX OF NAMES 



Abercrombie, Rev. Dr., 232. 
Adams, John, 104, 329, 367, 390. 
Adams, John Quincy, 431. 
Adams, John S., 249, 252, 253, 329. 
Adams, Samuel, 114, 329, 431. 
Adrain, Robert, 329, 330. 
Ainsworth, F. C, 22. 
Alder, James, 226. 
Alderchurch, Edward, 16, 17, 273, 

330. 
Alexander, Joseph, 55, 57, 60, 61, 

95, 96, 102, 103, 185, 330. 
Alexander, Sarah W., 185, 439. 
All, Capt. Isaac, 221, 330. 
Allen, David, 273. 
Allen, Edward, 16, 273, 330. 
Alley, Saul, 104, 330. 
Andrews, Mr. 203. 
Anderson, Thomas, 274. 
Angell, Israel, 23, 331. 
Andre, Major, 369, 380, 426, 439, 

440, 446. 
Andrews, David, 53, 54, 57, 79, 102, 

103, 203, 357. 
Andros, Gov., 357. 
Arden, Dr., 181. 
Arden, J. S., 186. 
Armstrong, Gen., 223, 331. 
Arnold, Benedict, 433, 439, 440. 
Arnold, Dr. Wm., 104. 
Arnold, William, 97, 104, 331. 
Arthur, George, 273. 
Ash, Capt. Thomas, 274. 
Astor, John Jacob, 388. 
Auchmuty, Robert, 273, 331, 332. 
Auchmuty, Robert, Jr., 274, 332. 
Austen, David, 369. 
Austin, Joseph, 273, 332. 
Bache, Richard, 219, 223, 332. 
Bailey, William, 103, 334. 
Bailie, William, 103, 332, 334. 
Bainbridge, 247. 
Baker, George, 226. 
Balfour, Miss, 166, 332. 
Ball, Archibald, 310, 312. 
Ball, John, 274, 332. 
Bangs, Samuel, 274. 
Bant, Capt. John, 211, 212. 
Barclay, James, 215, 226. 
Barclay, John, 215, 332. 



Barclay, Thomas, 215, 216, 218, 219, 

333- 
Barclay, William, 215, 333. 
Bardin, 26. 
Barlow, Joel, 333. 
Barnard, Rev. Mr., 273. 
Barnewall, George, 333. 
Barnewell, George, 103, 333. 
Barnewell, John, 440. 
Barrett, 274, 373, 387, 394. 
Barrett, George, 274. 
Barron, James, 354. 
Barry, George E., 182. 
Barry, John, 220, 222, 223, 225, 228, 

231, 333, 334, 369- 
Barry, M. O., 97 334. 
Barry, Patrick, 440. 
Batt, Thomas, 219. 
Bayard, John, 334. 
Bayard, Samuel, 334. 
Bayley, William, 201, 334, 382. 
Beane, John, 274, 334. 
Beath, John, 274. 
Beaty, William, 274. 
Belknap, Jeremy, 334. 
Bell, John, 441. 
Bell, Richard, 45. 
Bell, Shubael, 39, 334, 335. 
Bell, William, 267. 
Bennett, Thomas, 17, 274. 
Berkeley, George, 9, 441. 
Betts, Judge, 346. 
Bibby, Thomas, 97, 98, 102, 335. 
Bigelow, Hon. John P., 267, 270, 

335- 
Bingham, Archibald, 226. 
Birch, Rev. Mr., 130. 
Birney, Charles H., 97, 335. 
Black, Andrew, 274. 
Black, Moses, 274, 335. 
Black, Samuel, 274. 
Blackstock, J., 89. 
Blackwell, Rev. Dr., 232. 
Blaine, Ephraim, 220, 222, 235. 
Blaine, James G., 335, 441. 
Blake, John, 274. 
Blake, Valentine, 103, 335. 
Blakeley, John, 442. F 

Blakeley, Johnston, 441, 442. 
Bloodgood, 340. 



4 88 



AN INDEX OF NAMES 



Blood, Harris, 52, 53, 64, 68, 69, 

95, 100, 103, 335. 
Bohan, John, 183, 185, 335. 
Boies, John, 274. 
Boland, Rev. Francis, 260. 
Bolivar, Gen., 187, 336. 
Bolton, 27, 28. 
Bonaparte, Jerome, 446. 
Bond, Oliver, 336. 
Boulton, George, 274, 336. 
Boquet, Col., 18. 
Boudinot, Elias, 222, 336. 
Bourke, Thomas, 259, 336. 
Bourns, Michael, 274. 
Boutwell, George S., 338. 
Bowden, Henry C., 89. 
Bowen, John, 336. 
Bowyer, M. H., 182. 
Boyd, Adam, 16, 274, 336. 
Boyd, General, 313, 318. 
Boyd, Hugh MacAuley, 336. 
Boyd, Hugh Macawlay, 161. 
Boyd, James, 11, 17, 41, 42, 43, 

267, 271, 272, 273, 336. 
Boyd, William, 90, 104. 
Boyle, John, 215, 220, 246, 337. 
Boyle, M., 103. 
Bozzaris, 268, 337. 
Braddock. 18, 366. 
Bradford, Cornelius, 337. 
Bradford, M., 45, 46, 102, 337. 
Bradish, Wheaton, 68, 69, 104, 337. 
Bradstreet, Col., 444. 
Brady, James T., 45, 93, 337, 338. 
Brady, John R., 45. 
Brady, Rev. Mr., 214. 
Brady, Thomas S., 144. 
Brant, 19. 
Braxton, Mr., 134. 
Breaden, Philip, 274. 
Breuchard, 349. 
Brian (Boru), 70, 263, 338. 
Brice, Brig.-Maj., 21. 
Briggs, George N., 338. 
Briggs, Henry S., 338. 
Brodar, 338. 

Broderick, David C, 442. 
Brooks, Horace, 415. 
Brooks, Miss, 167, 170, 339. 
Broome, John, 117, 123, 127, 129, 

140, 339- 
Brown, Jacob, 339. 
Brown, James, 104, 339. 
Brown, James C, 104, 339. 
Brown, John, 225. 
Brown, Joseph, 226. 
Brown, Maj.-Gen., 181, 445. 
Brown, Stewart, 104. 
Brown, Stuart, 241. 
Brown, William, 274, 339. 



Brownjohn, Betty, 430. 
Brownson, O. A., 273, 339. 
Bruce, Wm. F., 29, 340. 
Bryan, George, 231, 340. 
Bryant, John, 274. 
Bryar, James, 104, 340. 
Bryar, William, 94, 103, 340. 
Bryden, James, 239, 340. 
Bryson, David, no, 112, 114, 140, 

142, 143, 144, 145, 151, 307, 308, 

311, 317, 327, 340. 
Bryson, Dr., 171. 
Bucey, George, 274. 
Buchanan, James, 56, 61, 81, 442. 
Buchanan, James C., 104. 
Buchanan, Jas., Jr., 57, 104. 
Buchanan, J. C., 78, 85. 
Buchanan, John C, 86. 
Buchanan, Robert L., 104. 
Bullock, Edward C, 251, 340. 
Bunting, E., 166, 340, 341. 
Burdick, Benjamin, Jr., 274. 
Burgoyne, 35, 348, 384, 402, 426, 

438. 
Burk, John D., 162. 
Burke, Andrew, 274, 341. 
Burke, Edmund, 7, 56, 67, 70, 341. 
Burke, Judge, 249. 
Burke, Michael, 105. 
Burke, Miles, 341. 
Burke, Myles, 105, 341. 
Burke, William, 260, 274, 341. 
Burns, Mr., 197. 
Burr, Aaron, 370. 
Burrowes, Michael, 214. 
Bush, George, 104, 341. 
Bushe, George, 80, 104, 341. 
Butler, John, 274. 
Butler, Nicholas, 274. 
Butler, Richard, 220, 222, 341, 342. 
Byrne, 7, 19, 40, 144, 174, 179, 226, 

310, 312, 342. 
Byrne D. M., 186. 
Byrne, Garrit, 144. 
Byrne, M., 179. 
Byrne, Matthew, 310, 312. 
Byrne, Michael, 19. 
Byrne, Patrick, 226, 342. 
Byrne, Rev. P., 40. 
Byrne, Thomas, 7. 
Byron, 354, 359. 
Cadwalader, John, 222, 342. 
Cadwalader, Lambert, 219, 222, 

342. 
Cain, Capt., 223. 
Calback, Philip, 274. 
Calderwood, Samuel, 274, 342. 
Caldwell, Alexander, 274, 342. 
Caldwell, Andrew, 215, 219, 343. 



AN INDEX OF NAMES 



489 



Caldwell, John, 53, 60, 61, 64, 66. 
68, 69, 73, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 86, 

87, 94, 103, 107, 343, 346, 371- 
Caldwell, Joseph, 56, 74. 
Caldwell, Martha, 443. 
Caldwell, Richard, 343. 
Caldwell, Robert, 274, 343. 
Caldwell, Samuel, 215, 220, 343. 
Caldwell, William A., 249. 
Calhoun, J. C, 188, 343, 443. 
Calhoun, Martha (Caldwell), 443. 
Calhoun, Patrick, 443. 
Callahan, John, 274. 
Cameron, A. J., 273. 
Campbell, Alexander, 274. 
Campbell, Andrew, 274, 343, 344. 
Campbell, George, 215, 221, 222, 

344- 
Campbell, James, 274. 
Campbell, John, 415. 
Campbell, John H., 219, 223, 225. 
Campbell, McCartan, 248. 
Campbell, Robert, 259. 
Canning, George, 60. 
Canworthy, Andrew, 274. 
Carberry, James, 103. 
Carberry, Thomas, 344. 
Carbis, J., 103. 
Carden, Mr., 167. 
Carleton, Guy, 35, 344. 
Carolan, 155, 156, 158, 162, 166. 
Carpenter, Richard, 274. 
Carr, James, 370. 
Carrell, Edward, 226. 
Carroll, Charles, 79, 212, 213, 345. 
Carroll, John, 236, 345, 347, 407. 
Carroll, Michael, 274, 345. 
Carsan, 400. 
Casserly, Eugene, 443. 
Cassidy, Christopher, 80, 84, 86, 

104. 
Cassidy, William, 443. 
Caulfield, James, 346. 
Cavenagh, James, 274. 
Chambers, John, 56, 61, 64, 69, 80, 

88, 95, 96, 103, 105, 346. 
Charleton, John, 346. 
Charlton, John, 98, 346. 
Charlton, Robert M., 259, 260. 
Charlton, Thomas U. P., 259, 260. 
Charters, Alexander, 85, 86, 95, 106, 

346, 37 1. 
Charters, John, 53, 54, 103, 347. 
Charters, Samuel, 104. 
Charters, S. M., 54, 103. 
Chase, Samuel, 345. 
Chauncey, 52, 55. 
Cheetham, 50, 305. 
Cheverus, John Louis de, 38, 39, 

270, 342, 347. 



Christian, Charles, 103, 305, 347. 

Clancy, John, 308, 347. 

Clarehue, John, 274. 

Clark, Capt, 223. 

Clark, James, 17, 274, 347. 

Clark, John, 17, 274, 347. 

Clarke, Richard H., 385. 

Clay, Henry, 431. 

Claypool, D. C, 358. 

Cleary, Thomas, 57, 61, 96, 104, 347. 

Cleland, Moses, 259, 347. 

Clerke, Thomas W., 45. 

Clinton, Alexander, 444. 

Clinton, Charles, 348, 443, 444. 

Clinton, De Witt, 57, 66, 69, 79, 

103, 171, 176, 180, 196, 198, 298, 

304, 305, 347, 348, 446. 
Clinton, George, 8, 35, 114, 115, 

117, 119, 123, 127, 129, 196, 322, 

347, 348. 
Clinton George, Jr., 124. 
Clinton, James, 348, 444. 
Clinton, J. B., 214. 
Clinton, Sir Henry, 348, 439. 
Clufr, John, 105. 
Cluskey, Charles B., 259. 
Coburn, Major, 214. 
Cochran, Dr. John, 220. 
Cochran, Samuel, 274. 
Cochrane, John, 349. 
Coghlan, Mr., 175, 308, 349. 
Cohen, Mordecai, 330. 
Coleman, James S., 23, 349. 
Colfax, Capt., 222. 
Colles, Christopher, 349. 
Columbus, Christopher, 180, 187. 
Colman, John, 274. 
Condon, Samuel, 274, 349. 
Connell, Laurence, 214. 
Connell, Patrick, 274. 
Conner, Henry W., 249. 
Conner, James, 249. 
Conner, Patrick, 274. 
Conness, John, 444. 
Connor, Patrick E., 444. 
Connolly, 105, 140, 214, 327, 382, 

417. 

Connolly, Bishop, 382, 417. 

Connolly, E., 105. 

Connolly, James, 327. 

Connolly, Rev. P., 214. 

Connor, Charles, 274. 

Connor, Edmund, 274. 

Connor, Fitz M. Friendly, 34, 350. 

Constable, James, 98, 103, 350. 

Constable, William, 45, 93, 94, 102, 

221, 350, 388, 394. 
Conway, Eleanor, 389, 444. 
Conway, E. H., 210, 351. 
Conway, Nelly, 444. 



49° 



AN INDEX OF NAMES 



Cook, Rev. Mr., 322. 

Cooper, Rev. Dr., 430. 

Copley, John Singleton, 16, 351. 

Copley, Richard, 16. 

Coppinger, John, 274, 351. 

Corbitt, George S., 80, 85, 96, 104, 

351. 

Cornwallis, 32, 348, 368, 383, 390, 

432. 
Corre, Joseph, 351, 352. 
Costigan, Mr., 197. 
Cottrill, Matthew, 274. 
Courtenay, Alexander B., 352. 
Courtenay, Edward, 249, 250, 251, 

352. 
Courtenay, James C, 352. 
Courtenay, John, 249, 250, 352. 
Courtenay, Lydia, 250. 
Courtenay, William A., 249, 250, 

253, 352. 
Cowles, Henry B., 93. 
Cox, Paul, 226. 
Cox, Wm, 142, 144, 308, 352. 
Craig, John, 98, 103, 125, 352. 
Craig, S., 103. 
Craig, Samuel, 352. 
Craig, W., 103. 
Craig, William, 352. 
Craige, J., 312. 

Cranston, Alexander, 103, 353. 
Craven, Gov., 440. 
Crawford, James, 220, 225, 274, 353. 
Crawford, John, 241. 
Croghan, George, n, 18, 353. 
Crolius, Clarkson, 311, 314. 
Crombie, Joseph, 249, 353. 
Cruise, Patrick R., 105. 
Cromwell, 10. 
Cullen, Edward, 105. 
Cullen, Edward F., 353. 
Cullinan, James (M.D.), 260. 
Cumerford, Thomas, 274. 
Cummin, Thomas A., 104. 
Cuming, Dr., 63, 144, 323. 
Cumming, George, 259, 310, 311, 

317, 3i8, 353- 
Cumming, John, 256. 
Cummings, Dr., 59, 63. 
Cummings, James, 274. 
Cunningham, 382, 434. 
Curran, John P., 13, 56, 70, 89, 152, 

153, 206, 353, 354, 422, 425. 
Curran, Sarah, 360. 
Cuthbert, 115. 

Cuthbertson, Samuel, 274, 354. 
Daily Jeremiah, 274. 
Daily, Patrick, 105. 
Daily, Wm., 214. 
Dalrymple, Mr., 214. 
Dalton, James, 274, 354. 



Dalton, John, 274. 

Daly, Charles P., 354. 

Daly, Judge, 93. 

Davenport, Mr., 40. 

Davis, George, 215, 354. 

Davis, Jefferson, 408. 

Davis, Thomas A., 273. 

Davis, 'William, 274, 354. 

Davy, Capt., 185, 354. 

Dawson, Sarah A., 421. 

Dawson, Walter, 421. 

Dealling, William, 303. 

Deane, Silas, 365. 

Dearborn, Gen., 438. 

Decatur, Stephen, 247, 354. 

De Lancey, Oliver, 444. 

De Lancey, Stephen, 435. 

Delany, Sharp, 220, 223, 355. 

Delany, William, 355. 

De Maistre, Joseph, 40. 

Denman, Capt, 213. 

Denman, William, 417. 

Denniston, James, 105. 

Derby, Michael, 274. 

Devereaux, Mr., 56, 356. 

Devlin, Daniel, 45. 

Devlin, John, 265, 266. 

Dickinson, John, 215, 218, 219, 355. 

Dillon, Arthur, 222, 355. 

Dillon, Barthelemy, 355. 

Dillon, Count, 222, 355. 

Dillon, G., 174, 355. 

Dillon, Michael, 259. 

Dillon, Michael O., 259. 

Dillon, Peter, 274. 

Dillon, Robert J., 45, 93, 97, 104, 

Dixon, Thomas, 56, 62, 76, 78. 

355- 
Dobson, Oliver L., 259, 356. 
Dolan, John T., 73, 80, 85, 86, 104, 

341, 356. 
Dongan, Thomas, 25, 356, 357. 
Donahoe, Patrick, 214, 356. 
Donaldson, Robert, 80, 84, 85, 356. 
Donnaldson, Hugh, 357. 
Donnaldson, John, 231, 357. 
Donovan, William, 144. 
Dooley, Andrew, 144. 
Doran, James, 69, 357. 
Doran, James, Jr., 61, 74, 210, 213. 
Doran, Mr., 61, 74. 
Dore, John, 104, 357. 
Dorus, Hugh, 274. 
Dougherty, James, 274. 
Dougherty. Walter, 274. 
Downes, Commodore, 43. 
Downing, James, 274. 
Dowse, Samuel, 274. 
Downing, Thomas, 357. 
Doyle, Bishop, 67, 357. 



AN INDEX OF NAMES 



49 1 



Doyle, Col., 31. 

Doyle, Dennis H., 104, 105, 125, 
310, 312, 317, 318, 358. 

Doyle, John, 104, 358. 

Doyle, Peter, 274. 

Driscoll, Thomas M., 259. 

Drummond, William, 16, 274. 

Drummond, Rev. Mr., 40. 

Duane, James, 445. 

Duer, John, 361. 

Duncan, George, 274. 

Duncan, Robert, 16, 274. 

Dunn, Bernard, 105, 358. 

Dunn, David, 274. 

Dunlap, Andrew, 40, 275, 358. 

Dunlap, Andrew, Jr., 275. 

Dunlap, James, 275. 

Dunlap, John, 40, 220, 358. 

Dunlap, William, 358. 

Dunning, William, 274. 

Dunworth, Henry, 274. 

Du Pont, Charles I., 233. 

Eagle, Henry, 125, 358. 

Eaton, William B., 275, 359. 

Eccleston, Edward, 73, 74, 80, 85, 
86, 104, 359. 

Ecuyer, Capt. S., 18. 

Edgar, H. L., 359. 

Edgar, William, 97, 98, 102, 103, 
275, 359- 

Edgeworth, Maria, 157, 359. 

Edgeworth, Richard L., 359. 

Edwards, Maj., 21. 

Egart, James, 16, 275. 

Elder, Robert, 275. 

Eliot, Samuel A., 267, 268, 273, 359. 

Elliot, Simon, 38, 39, 275, 360. 

Elliot, Simon, Jr., 275, 360. 

Ellison, Samuel, 275. 

Ellwanger, George, 440. 

Emmet, Robert, 104, 153, 160, 162, 
165, 167, 169, 171, 172, 181, 184, 
187, 196, 203, 208, 235, 237, 253, 
263, 354, 360, 361, 371, 422, 425. 

Emmet, Thomas Addis, 12, 45, 58, 
66, 84, 103, 160, 177, 196, 212, 262, 
30S, 336, 346, 360, 361, 388, 421, 
437- 

England, John, 256, 260, 361. 

English, Thomas, 38, 39, 275, 361. 

Ennis, Thomas, 105. 

Erskine, William, 220, 362. 

Ervhine, Robert, 275. 

Espada, J. M., 186. 

Evans, George, 222. 

Everett, Edward, 267, 268, 269, 362. 

Fairfield, John, 378. 

Fairbanks, Stephen, 267, 269. 

Fales, Thomas H., 214. 



Farquhar, George, 362. 

Farmar, Thomas, 123. 

Farrel, John, 275. 

Farrell, Ambrose, 267. 

Fellows, Mr., 137. 

Fenwick, Benedict Joseph, 40, 43, 

362, 363. 
Feran, Mark, 275. 
Fergus, Owen, 275. 
Ferguson, George, 275. 
Ferrall, Patrick, 226 
Field, Edward, 23. 
Field, John, 275. 
Fillmore, 379. 
Fink, John, 303. 
Finlay, William, 225. 
Finney, James, 370. 
Fisher, Mrs., 367. 
Fitzgerald, Edward, 155, 165, 171, 

176, 197, 362, 363, 425. 
Fitzgerald, James, D., 214. 
Fitzgerald, Lewis, 275. 
Fitzgerald, William, 363. 
Fitzgerald, William G, 97. 
FitzGerald, R. A., 68, 96, 102, 104, 

363- 
Fitzgibbon, Patrick, 275. 
Fitzpatrick, Edward, 254. 
Fitzpatrick, Rev. Mr., 266. 
Fitzpatrick, Rt. Rev. J. B., 273. 
Fitzsimmons, Thomas, 363. 
FitzSimons, Thomas, 215, 223, 224, 

231, 363. 
Flack, John, 83, 89. 
Fleming, John, 80, 104, 341, 364. 
Fleming, Samson, 97. 
Flemming, Sampson, 102, 364. 
Fletcher, Capt. P., 275. 
Flynn, Patrick, 214. 
Foley, James, 186, 364. 
Foley, John, 275. 
Foot, John, 104. 

Foot, Thomas, 308, 312, 313, 364. 
Foote, Thomas, 125, 364. 
Forrest, James, 275. 
Forsyth, John, 81. 
Fowler, Joseph, 69, 72, 81, 89. 
Fox, Edward, 226, 228. 
Fox, John, 105. 
Fox, Robert, 178, 196. 
Francis, Tench, 215, 219, 223, 364. 
Francis, Turbutt, 215, 219, 364. 
Franklin, 109, 111, 113, 283, 364. 
Freeland, James, 275, 365. 
Freeland, William, 16, 275, 365. 
Freeman, Robert, 275. 
French, Nicholas, 275. 
French, William, 275. 
Fuller, Benjamin, 215, 220, 365. 
Fullerton, George, 215, 365. 



492 



AN INDEX OF NAMES 



Fullington, John, 275, 365. 

Fulton, 241, 244. 

Gaine, Hugh, 45, 365, 391. 

Gallagher, Simon F., 249, 252, 365. 

Gait, 56. 

Gamble, Archibald, 223, 366. 

Gamble, Thomas, 366. 

Gardiner, 37, 366. 

Gardner, James, 275. 

Gardner, Robert, 38, 275, 366. 

Gardner, Capt. Timothy, 245. 

Garfield, President, 441. 

Gaston, 356. 

Gates, Gen., 121, 366, 428. 

Gates, Horatio, 366. 

Geoghegan, Michael, 275. 

Gerry, Elbridge, 139, 366. 

Gerry, John, 275. 

Getty, Dr., 144. 

Getty, Robert, 275. 

Gibbs, Daniel, 16, 275. 

Gibson, Dr., 102. 

Gibson, John, 104. 

Gilbert, Garrit, 175, 178, 366. 

Gill, Thomas, 273. 

Gillelan, E. H., 104. 

Gillespie, Archibald, 275. 

Gilliland, William, 249. 

Gilmore, Joseph, 275. 

Gleeson, William, 40, 366. 

Glen, George, 16, 275. 

Glen, Robert, 275. 

Glover, Edward, 367. 

Glover, John, 103, 329, 367. 

Goldsmith, Oliver, 7, 160, 367. 

Gordon, Thomas Knox, 248, 367. 

Gormon, John, 275. 

Gradon, John, 275. 

Graham, Bernard, 104. 

Graham, David, 367. 

Graham, David, Jr., 105, 367. 

Graham, John, 61, 62, 69, 72. 

Grant, Daniel, 238, 340, 367. 

Grant, Thomas, 275. 

Grasse, Count de, 172, 367. 

Grattan, E., 84, 105, 368. 

Grattan, Henry, 56, 70, 89, 171, 227, 

346, 368, 407. 
Gray, Andrew, 54, 103, 105, 368. 
Gray, Gen., 439. 
Greene, H. B. C, 270. 
Greene, Nathaniel, 30, 368, 369, 410. 
Greenleaf, Mr., 280. 
Greg, 434. 
Grey, I., 310. 
Griffin, John, 275. 
Griffin, Martin I. J., 20, 369. 
Grinnel, 67. 
Guernsey, R. S., 393. 
Habersham, Alexander W., 369. 



Habersham, Richard W., 259, 260, 

369- 
Hadden, David, 81. 
Hagan, John, 78, 369. 
Haggerty, Clement, 370. 
Haggerty, John, 105, 369, 370. . 
Haggerty, John A., 370. 
Haggerty, Ogden, 105, 370. 
Haggerty, J. Ogden, 370. 
Haggerty, William, 370. 
Hall, William, 275. 
Halliday, Robt, 56. 
Halsey, Edmund D., 23. 
Hamilton, Alexander, 223, 339, 370. 
Hamilton, Frederick, 275. 
Hamilton, Michael, 214. 
Hamilton, William, 215. 
Hancock, 390. 
Hand, Edward, 221, 223, 225, 231, 

370, 371. 
Harden, Geo., 104, 371. 
Hardenbrook, 323. 
Harford, Charles, 317. 
Hardy, 229, 273. 
Harper, John, 275, 371. 
Harison, George, 19. 
Harrison, Benjamin, 441. 
Harrison, Hannah, 431. 
Harrison, James, 202. 
Harrison, President (1st), 431. 
Hart, George, 254, 371. 
Hartigan, Betsy, 416. 
Hartigan, Dr., 416. 
Hartley, 32. 
Harvey, Jacob, 64, 68, 69, 86, 87, 

371. 
Haslet, 233, 234, 371. 
Haslett, John, 371. 
Haslett, Joseph, 371. 
Hawley, Gov., 220. 
Hays, James, 144, 372. 
Hayes, James, 125. 
Healy, Rev. Mr., 40. 
Heaney, 372. 

Heatly, Charles, 225, 372. 
Heeney, Cornelius, 80, 85, 86, 125, 

372. 
Henchman, Dr., 270. 
Henry, Alexander, 226, 234, 372. 
Herford, C. Charles, 130, 325, 372. 
Hicks, 33, 215, 372. 
Hicks, William, 215, 372. 
Hildreth, 6. 
Hill, Charles, 275. 
Hill, Henry, 215, 218, 219, 220, 223, 

372. 
Hill, John, 105. 
Hill, Lawrence, 214. 
Hill, Robert, 275. 
Hill, William, 94, 98, 102, 373. 



AN INDEX OF NAMES 



493 



Hobart, John S., 373. 

Hobart, Judge, 190, 373. 

Hoche, 432. 

Hogan, M., 103, 373, 374. 

Hogan, Michael, 373, 374. 

Hogan, Robert, 45, 97, 104, 373. 

Hoguet, Henry L., 45. 

Holden, S., 166. 

Holland, J. C, 78. 

Holmes, Andrew, 275. 

Holmes, Hugh, 225, 226, 374, 418. 

Holmes, William, 275. 

Hone, Philip, 69, 72, 76, 77, 81, 374. 

Hoog, John, 275. 

Hopkins, Matthew, 259. 

Hopkinson, Francis, 374. 

Hopkinson, Judge, 222, 374. 

Houghton, 364. 

Howard, Col., 223. 

Howard, Rev. Dr., 38. 

Howard, Samuel, 275. 

Howe, 219, 221, 222, 334, 348, 371, 

374, 447- 
Howland, C. J., 214. 
Hubley, Adam, 360. 
Hubley, Rosina, 360. 
Hughes, James, 275. 
Hughes, William, 266. 
Hull, 29. 

Humbert, Jonas, 374. 
Humbert, Jonas, Jr., 183, 184, 185, 

374- 
Humphreys, Col., 222. 
Humphreys, David, 374, 375. 
Hunter, Alexander, 259. 
Hunter, Henry, 275. 
Hunter, James, 249, 259, 375. 
Hunter, John, 259, 275. 
Hunter, William, 249, 375. 
Hunter, Wimberly J., 259. 
Hutchins, Matthew, 275. 
Hyde, Thomas, 214. 
Ingham, Charles, 57, 104, 375. 
Ingoldsby, Felix, 104, 375. 
Irvine, B., 174, 182, 375. 
Irvine, Callender, 233, 375. 
Irvine, William, 220, 375. 
Irwin, Matthew, 225. 
Iselin, 242. 
Iturbide, 409. 
Jackson, Andrew, 36, 40, 41, 42, 43, 

58, 60, 65, 67, 89, 160, 187, 199, 

231, 232, 270, 308, 376, 419, 433, 

436, 442, 447- 
Jackson, Daniel, 105, 377. 
Jackson, Francis J., 49, 50, 131. 
Jackson, George, 105. 
Jackson, Henry, 109. 
Jackson, Henry R., 260. 
Jackson, Patrick Tracy, 433. 



Jackson, Thomas, 105. 

James, John, 377. 

James, John W., 273. 

James, William, 57, 104, 377. 

James, William, Jr., 68, 69, 377. 

Janeway, 315. 

Jarvis, Mr., 93. 

Jasper, Margaret, 414. 

Jay, John, 377, 384. 

Jay, Pierre, 377. 

Jefferson, Thomas, 79, 114, 115, 
117, 119, 123, 127, 129, 132, 136, 
139, 141, 152, 155, 159, 164, 165, 
169, 181, 188, 196 217, 223, 224, 
244, 247, 285, 377, 383, 389, 393, 
432. 

Jennings, Mr., 81. 

Jephson, William H., 103. 

Johnson, Francis, 22. 

Johnson, Guy, 19, 377. 

Johnson, Thomas, 275. 

Johnson, William, 17, 18, 19, 275, 
377, 435- 

Johnston, Francis, 59. 

Johnston, John, 77. 

Jones, Chancellor, 361. 

Jones, Gen., 31. 

Jones, John Paul, 216, 377, 378. 

Judah, Naphali, 186, 378. 

Kalb, Baron de, 378, 381. 

Kane, Elias, 388. 

Kane, William, 104. 

Kavanagh, Edward, 43, 378. 

Kean, Edmund, 380. 

Kearney, Daniel, 211, 378. 

Keating, Ambrose, 214. 

Keating, James, 270. 

Keble, John, 229, 231. 

Keith, John, 103. 

Kelly, Dennis S., 308, 378. 

Kelly, Eugene, 45. 

Kelly, John, 98, 103, 214, 275. 

Kelly, " Old Master," 414, 439. 

Kelly, Robert, 105. 

Kelly, Timothy, 275. 

Kelly, William, 45, 105. 

Kemp, Dr., 103. 

Kemp, James, 379. 

Kendrick, 426. 

Kenna, Charles M., 253. 

Kennedy, Anthony, 242. 

Kennedy, Bernard, 322, 379. 

Kennedy, David, 275. 

Kennedy, John, 242, 275. 

Kennedy, John Pendleton, 242, 
379- 

Kennedy, Robert, 275. 

Kent, Chancellor, 346. 

Kernan, William, 445. 

Kernochan, Joseph, 379. 



494 



AN INDEX OF NAMES 



Kingsley, Samuel, 226. 

Kinnicutt, Thomas, 43. 

Kirwan, Walter Blake, 155, 379. 

Kitchen, Mr., 229. 

Knowles, James Sheridan, 87, 89, 

379, 380. 
Knox, Adam, 275, 380. 
Knox, Andrew, 16, 275, 380. 
Knox, Henry, 17, 35, 275, 380. 
Knox, Henry J., 380. 
Knox, Robert, 275, 380. 
Knox, William, 275, 380. 
Knyphausen, Gen., 31. 
Kosciuszko, 375. 
Kyle, Jeremiah, 105, 380. 
Kyle, Joseph, 105. 
Kyle, William, 54, 60, 64, 67, 102, 

103. 
Ladley, John, 276. 
Lafayette, 79, 82, 172, 197, 204, 350, 

433- 
Lambert, Charles, 83, 104, 381. 
Langton, Laurence, 211. 
Langton, Lawrence, 381. 
Lardner, John, 221. 
Latimer, George, 231, 381. 
Laurence, 386. 
Laverty, Henry, 103, 381. 
LaAvler, Thomas, 275. 
Lawless, Mr., 188. 
Lawton, Alexander R., 260. 
Lawrence, Effingham N., 374. 
Lawrence, James, 381. 
Lea, Thomas, 225. 
Leahy, Henry, 276. 
Leamy, John, 226. 
Lee, Arthur, 365. 
Lee, Gen., 430. 
Lee, Gideon, 81, 382. 
Lee, Michael, 276. 
Lee, Rev. Fr., 265. 
Lee, Stephen, 275. 
Leech, John, 243, 382. 
Lemoine, Stephen P., 174, 179, 181, 

183, 186, 382. 
Le Roy, Hermany, 382. 
Leslie, Peter, 276. 
Leslie, Samuel, 276. 
Levins, 56, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 78, 81, 

82, 87. 89, 382. 
Lewis, Andrew, 383. 
Lewis, Charles, 383. 
Lewis, John, 383. 
Lewis, John F, 383. 
Lewis, Joseph, 27s. 
Lewis, Lunsford L., 383. 
Lincoln, Benjamin, 383. 
Lincoln, Gen., 222, 383. 
Lincoln, Levi, 129. 
Linehan, John C., 383, 384. 



Linn, James, 276. 

Lithgow, Col., 404. 

Little, Alexander, 276. 

Little, John, 16, 275. 

Livingston, Henry B., 384. 

Livingston, Judge, 194, 384. 

Livingston, Robert, 445. 

Livingston, R. R., 401. 

Livingston, Sarah, 377. 

Logan, Patrick, 276. 

Longworth, 341, 365, 359, 374, 379, 

389, 427- 
Loughlen, Joseph, 266. 
Low, Cornelius, 448. 
Low, Sally, 448. 
Lowry, William, 238, 384. 
Luquer, 386. 
Luzerne, 222, 384. 
Lynch, Dominick, 45, 98, 103, 385, 

386, 387. 
Lynch, Gen., 102, 104. 
Lynch, James, 386. 
Lynch, Jane, 385. 
Lynch, Rev. Fr., 267. 
Lynch, Thomas, Jr., 8, 387. 
Lynch, Ulysses, 215, 218, 387. 
Lynsen, 394. 
Lyons, James, 319. 
MacAuley, 336. 
Macaulay, 359. 
Macdonough, 232, 387. 
Mackenzie, A. S., 439. 
Mackay, William, 36, 276, 387. 
Mackay, William, Jr., 38, 276. 
Mackey, John, 40, 276. 
Macmurphy, John, 276, 388. 
Macneven, William J., 45, 63, 103, 

121, 160, 174, 175, 178, 196, 203, 

204, 205, 209, 213, 262, 291, 305, 

336, 346, 360, 366, 388, 437. 
Macomb, Alexander, 93, 102, 350, 

351, 388. 
Macomb, John N., 103, 389. 
Macomb, William H., 389. 
Macrary, 155. 
Madden, T., 185. 
Madison, James, 139, 343, 348, 389, 

400, 432, 444. 
Magee, James, 39, 79, 84, 95, 104, 

106, 276, 365, 389. 
Maginness, Edward, 211, 212, 389. 
Magner, John, 276, 389. 
Magrath, William, 253, 390. 
Magwood, Simon, 249, 390. 
Mahon, Charles, 179, 197, 390. 
Mahoney, Mr., 38. 
Maitland, 386. 
Malcolm, Daniel, 276, 390. 
Malcolm, Michael, 276. 



AN INDEX OF NAMES 



495 



Malcolm, Thomas, 253, 390. 
Malcom, Thomas A., 249. 
Mansfield, John, 276. 
Marion, Francis, 32. 390. 
Marlow, Nicholas, 260. 
Maroney, William, 270. 
Marshall, 25, 27, 383, 390. 
Martin, Samuel, 128, 167. 
Mason, 383. 

Matignon, Abbe, 38, 39, 347, 391. 
Matignon, Francis A., 38, 39. 
Matthews, James, 104. 
Maturin, Charles R., 391. 
Maturin, Edward, 391. 
Maunsell, Elizabeth, 391. 
Maunsell, John, 391. 
Maxwell, Matthew, 104. 
Mayers, Alexander, 276. 
Mayes, James, 16, 276. 
M'Beath, Alexander, 310, 311, 312. 
M'Beth, Alexander, 125, 392. 
M'Cartin, Owen, 186. , 
M'Clenachan, Blair, 220, 222, 225, 
M'Clure, Major, 135, 137, 313, 317, 
M'Cluskey, William, 186, 394. 
M'Cosker, Owen, 214. 
M'Creary, 171. 
M'Creery, 294. 
M'Donnell, James J., 144. 
M'Donnell, John J., 313. 
M'Donough, Peter, 308. 
M'Donogh, Thomas, 276. 
M'Gonigle, Peter, 308. 
M'Kay, William P., 267, 273. 
M'Keon, James, 174, 308. 
M'Keon, Lieut., 182, 186, 188. 
M'Keon, P., 396. 

M'Kinley, John, 310, 315, 317, 319. 
M'Kittrick, Thomas, 310, 318. 
M'Namara, John, 40. 
M'Pherson, Major, 221, 222. 
McAllister, Matthew Hall, 260, 

391, 392. 
McAllister, Samuel, 104. 
McBath, A., 137. 
McBride, James, 83, 85, 88, 104, 

106, 392. 
McCadden, Henry, 90. 
McCafferty, Patrick, 211, 392. 
McCarroll, 276. 
McCarthy, Denis, 74, 80, 81, 85, 

103, 305, 392. 
McCartin, Owen, 186, 392. 
McCarty, Charles, 103, 392. 
McCarty, Dennis, 73, 194. 
McCleary, John, 276. 
McClelland, John, 226. 

226, 392, 393, 428. 
McClennehan, Rev. W., 276. 



McClure, Francis, 393. 
McClure, James, 226. 
McClure, John, 393, 394. 

318, 324, 326. 
McClure, William, 276, 394. 
McComb, J. W., 103. 
McConnell, James, 103, 394. 
McCordey, Robt., 276. 
McCormick, Daniel, 44, 55, 59, 66, 

69, 74, 78, 83, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 

98, 102, 351, 388 394. 
McCormick David, 226, 394. 
McCormick, Robert, 38, 395. 
McCrea, James, 226. 
McCreery, John, 166. 
McCrillis, James, 276. 
McDaniel, Hugh, 276. 
McDaniel, Thomas, 276. 
McDonald, William, 201, 202. 
McDonnell, William, 201, 202, 349, 

426. 
McDonough, Malachi, 395. 
McDougall, Alexander, 395. 
McDougall, Gen., 222. 
McElderry, Thomas, 241. 
McEvers, Charles, 395. 
McEvers, Gulian, 103, 395. 
McEvers, James, 395. 
McFaden, James, 276. 
McFall, Daniel, 16. 
McFfall, Daniel, 276. 
McGee, Bernard, 276. 
McGinnis, Margaret, 405. 
McGloin, Edward, 104. 
McGloin, John, 90. 
McGonigle, Peter, 395. 
McGowing, Lodowic, 276. 
McGrath, Daniel, 105, 395. 
McHord, James, 276. 
McHugh, Terence, 273. 
Mclntire, Neill, 276, 396. 
Mclntire, William, 276. 
Mcintosh, Gen., 222. 
Mcintosh, Lachlan, 396. 
Mclntyre, Andrew, 276. 
McKean, Thomas, 222, 225, 226, 

396. 
McKeon, Gapt, 135, 140, 143, 177, 

178, 183, 185, 186, 188, 196, 325, 

396. 
McKeon, James, 325, 396. 
McKeon, John, 396, 445. 
McKibben, Dr., 105. 
McKinley, John, 125, 213, 397. 
McLane, John, 276, 397. 
McLaughlin, John, 226, 260. 
McLaughlin, Peter, 105, 397. 
McMann, 276. 
McNeil, Adam, 276. 
McNeil, Archibald, 276, 397. 



49 6 



AN INDEX OF NAMES 



McNeill, Daniel, 38, 276, 397. 

McNeil, Robert, 276, 397. 

McNeill, John, 276. 

McNeill, William, 276, 397. 

McPhilliney, Hugh, 276. 

McShane, 228, 229. 

McVickar, John, 97, 98, 103, 397, 

398. 
McVickar, Nathan, 51, 95, 100, 306, 

397, 398. 
Meade, Garrett, 398. 
Meade, George, 215, 216, 222, 226, 

363, 398. 
Meade, Robert, 398. 
Mease, James, 215, 218, 219, 220, 

221, 398. 
Mease, John, 215, 216, 220, 398. 
Mease, Matthew, 215, 216, 398, 399. 
Meen, J. G, 84. 
Menchin, Edward, 276. 
Mercer, 222, 431, 436. 
Meredith, Samuel, 219, 223, 399. 
Messer, Mr., 303. 
Mifflin, G H., 364. 
Mifflin, Thomas, 223, 399. 
Miles, William, 89. 
Millar, Jesse, 104. 
Miller, David, 276. 
Miller, James, 104. 
Miller, Samuel, 276. 
Miller, William, 276. 
Miller, Zachariah H., 259, 399. 
Mills, George, 182. 
Milton, 158. 
Minchin, Ann, 411. 
Mitchell, D. B., 259, 399. 
Mitchell, Doctor, 124. 
Mitchell, John, 215, 216, 220, 399, 

400. 
Mitchell, Randle, 215, 400. 
Mitchell, William, 215, 218, 400. 
Moffat, Mr., 167, 294. 
Molony, Thomas, 276. 
Molyneux, William, 243. 
Molloney, John, 276. 
Monroe, James, 194, 343, 400, 443. 
Montesquieu, 243, 400. 
Montgomery, J., 52, 95, 100, 103, 

401. 
Montgomery, J. B., 57, 61, 95, 96, 

104, 106, 401. 
Montgomery, John, 276, 401. 
Montgomery, John B., 106. 
Montgomery Richard, 35, 56, in, 

113, 155, 170, 177, 181, 187, 197, 
199, 208, 213, 233, 235, 243, 247, 

270, 281, 308, 322, 327, 348, 400, 

401, 439- 
Mooney, P., 214. 
Moony, John, 276. 



Moor, Samuel, 16. 

Moore, David, 276. 

Moore, Major, 222. 

Moore, Patrick, 225, 226. 

Moore, Robert, 125, 241. 

Moore, Samuel, 276. 

Moore, Thomas, 13, 56, 70, 83, 167, 

182, 263, 360, 391, 401. 
Moore, William, 276. 
Moorehead, John, 103, 401. 
Moorhead, Alexander, 276. 
Moorhead, John, 73, 74, 79, 83, 85, 

89, 96, 276, 401. 
Morel, Thomas N., 259. 
Morgan, 191, 341, 410. 
Morgan, Lady, 410. 
Morgan, Thomas C, 410. 
Morris, Andrew, 103, 402. 
Morris, Gouverneur, 350. 
Morris, Robert, 215, 218, 350, 402. 
Morrison, John, 105, 317, 325, 402. 
Mortimer, James, 276. 
Mortimer, Philip, 16, 276. 
Morton, Andrew, no, 402. 
Morton, Doctor, 125. 
Morton, Marcus, 338. 
Morton, Thomas, 276. 
Morton, Walter, 119, 144, 310, 311, 

313, 314, 317, 320. 
Morton, Wiliam, 276. 
Moses, M., 209. 
Mostan, 223. 
Mosquera, 69. 
Motley, Patrick, 276. 
Moultrie, Gen., 222, 402. 
Moultrie, William, 402. 
Moylan, Bishop, 361, 403. 
Moylan, Jasper, 225, 226, 403. 
Moylan, John, 403. 
Moylan, Stephen, 215, 216, 219, 

223, 224, 403, 407. 
Moyston, Edward, 223. 
Muhlenberg, Frederick A., 403. 
Muhlenberg, John P. G, 403. 
Muir, John, 311, 403, 404. 
Mulden, Michael, 57, 62, 78. 
Muldon, Michael, 95, 102, 103, 404. 
Muldoon, Michael, 102. 
Mullan, 218. 

Mullany, James, 122, 404. 
Mullen, John, 105. 
Murphy, John, 170. 
Murphy, Thomas, 105. 
Murphy, William, 309, 310, 311, 

312, 313, 314, 315, 3i6, 317, 318, 

319, 320, 404- 
Murray, Ham, 105, 404. 
Murray, Hamilton, 404. 
Murray, J., 103, 



AN INDEX OF NAMES 



497 



Murray, John, 38, 276, 401, 404, 

405- 
Murray, Margaret (McGinnis), 405. 
Murray, Matthew, 276. 
Murray, Robert, 405. 
Murray, Thomas Hamilton, 23, 

405. 
Nanry, Charles M., 97, 405. 
Nash, John, 277. 
Neal, Daniel, 16, 276. 
Neif, M. A., 214. 
Neil, Thomas, 38, 276. 
Neilson, 422. 
Nelson, 276, 383. 
Nelson, James, 276. 
Nesbitt, John Maxwell, 215, 218, 

219, 222, 225, 406. 
Nevitt, John, 259. 
Niblo, John, 104, 406. 
Niblo, W., 52, 406. 
Nichols, Col. Francis, 231. 
Nichols, Samuel, 104, 406. 
Nicholson, Capt., 220. 
Nicholson, Commodore, 273. 
Nicholson, John, 53, 103, 104, 231. 
Nixon, John, 217, 363, 406. 
Nixon, Richard, 408. 
Noble, Arthur, 276. 
Noble, John, 16. 
Noon, Major, 177. 
Noonan, James, 276. 
North, Capt., 186. 
Norton, 386. 
Nugent, John, 276. 
Nugent, Neale, 246, 337. 
O'Brien, Dennis W., 40, 268. 
O'Brien, Francis, 105. 
O'Brien, Honora, 407. 
O'Brien, M. M., 226, 407. 
O'Brien, Rev. Mr., 273. 
O'Brien, William, 105. 
O' Callahan, Daniel, 267, 270. 
O'Carolan, Turlough, 344, 407. 
O'Connell, Daniel, 13, 65, 189, 204, 

211, 266, 269, 407, 408. 
O'Connell, Patrick, 266. 
O'Connor, Capt, 103. 
O'Connor, John M., 445. 
O'Connor, M. P., 249. 
O'Connor, Thomas, 186, 408. 
O'Conor, Charles, 391, 408, 445. 
O'Conor, Thomas, 445. 
O'Donnell, Rev. James H., 266, 

408. 
O'Donnell, Capt. John, 242, 408. 
O'Donohu, Don Juan, 188, 408, 

409. 
O'Donoghue, 202. 
O'Driscoll, Cornelius, 253, 409. 
O'Driscoll, Daniel M., 252, 409. 

32 



O'Flaherty, 39, 40, 409. 

O' Gorman, Richard, 45. 

O'Halloran, 7. 

O'Hara, Gen., 362. 

O'Keefe, George A., 174, 181, 183, 

184, 185, 409. 
O'Neale, John, 309, 310, 311, 312, 

313, 314, 315, 3i6, 317, 3i8, 319, 

320 409. 
O'Neil, Felix, 104. 
O'Neil, Francis, 186, 409. 
O'Neil, Patrick, 214. 
O'Neill, Bernard, 249. 
O'Neill, Jeremiah F., 260. 
O'Reilly, Patrick, 247. 
O'Reily, Alexander, 417. 
O'Rielly, Henry, 446. 
Ogden, David B., 346. 
Ogilvie, Capt., 135, 140. 
Oliver, John, 62, 84, 242, 409. 
Osborn, Samuel, 79, 80, 85, 86, 88. 
Osborne, Alexander, 246, 410. 
Osborne, Samuel, 96, 97, 104, 410. 
Orr, Isaac, 276. 
Orr, William, 12, no, 165, 172, 184, 

409. 
Ossian, 156, 410. 
Otis, 390. 

Owenson, Miss, 156, 410. 
Owenson, Robert, 410. 
Paine, Thomas, 197, 410, 411. 
Pakenham, Lord, 376. 
Palfray, Warwick, 214, 411. 
Palmer, T. F., 311, 404, 411. 
Parish, 172. 
Park, David, 105. 
Parker, James, 365. 
Parkman, Daniel, 270. 
Parks, John, 103. 
Parnell, Thomas, 411, 
Parsons, James, 248, 367. 
Patterson, Elizabeth, 242, 446. 
Patterson, M. C, 337- 
Patterson, Robert S., 105. 
Patterson, Samuel, 249, 413. 
Patterson, William, 242, 308, 413, 

446. 
Patton, John, 220, 222, 413. 
Patton, William, 277. 
Paulding, John, 440, 446. 
Pelham, Henry, 277, 413. 
Pelham, Peter, 16, 277, 351, 413. 
Pell, Col., 181. 
Penn, John, 413. 
Penn, Richard, 372, 413. 
Penn, William, 414. 
Pepperc , Gen., 435. 
Perry, 52. 185, 232, 414, 439. 
Perry, Christopher, 439. 
Perry, Oliver Hazard, 439, 



498 



AN INDEX OF NAMES 



Perry, Sarah (Alexander), 439. 
Persse, Dudley, 68, 69, 73, 74, 77, 

80, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 91, 96, 97, 

104, 415- 
Peterson, Jacob, 319, 415. 
Phelan, D., 415. 
Phelan, John, 103, 415. 
Phepoe, Thomas, 248. 
Phillips, 182. 
Phister, Alexander, 103. 
Pierpont, Rev. Mr., 267. 
Pihoe, John, 277. 
Pike, Mr., 214. 

Pinckney, Henry L., Jr., 254. 
Pitt, William, 19, 415. 
Plowden, 156, 172, 415, 416. 
Polin, Rev. Mr., 214. 
Polk, James K., 442, 446, 447. 
Pollock, Carlisle, 416. 
Pollock, George, 94, 102, 416. 
Pollock, Hugh, 416. 
Pollock, Oliver, 226, 417. 
Ponsonby, George, 171, 417. 
Porter, Andrew, 226. 
Porter, Commodore, 232. 
Powell, James W., 105. 
Power, John, 45, 104, 203, 206, 207, 

417. 
Power, Thomas, 296, 297. 
Powers, Edmund, 277. 
Poyntz, John, 277. 
Preble, Edward, 243, 417, 418. 
Prescott, Col., 41. 
Price, Michael, 98, 103, 418. 
Prince, Christopher, 94, 418. 
Pringle, 386. 
Proctor, Thomas, 225. 
Putnam, Gen., 374. 
Pyke, Alexander, 308, 418. 
Pynsent, William, 415. 
Quailes, Charles, 277. 
Quig, John, 277. 
Quigley, Edward, 259. 
Quin, Edward C, 189. 
Quincy, Josiah, Jr., 267, 270, 273, 

418. 
Quinn, John, 105. 
Rabun, William, 259. 
Rahl, 371. 

Rainey, Robert, 226, 418. 
Ramsay, 7, 418, 419. 
Ramsey, James, 241. 
Randolph, John, 60, 419. 
Raney, John, 277. 
Rantoul, Robert, Jr., 270, 419. 
Ray, Arthur, 202. 
Rawdon, 12, 13, 30, 31, 32, 33, 419. 
Read, George, 419. 
Read, James, 419. 
Read, Thomas, 214, 419. 



Reardon, Patrick, 277. 

Redmond, Ignatius, 125, 126, 310, 

311, 313, 317, 318, 319, 420. 
Redmond, William, 104, 420. 
Reed, 220, 221, 222, 419, 420, 438. 
Reed, Joseph, 420. 
Reed, Thomas, 419. 
Reid, Andrew, 277. 
Reid, D., 103. 
Reily, James, 40. 
Rendon, Don F, 220. 
Renshaw, Mr., 229. 
Reyburn, James, 97, 420. 
Rice, C. C, 420. 
Rice, G. C, 104, 420. 
Rice, Thomas D., 259, 260. 
Richardson, Abigail, 357. 
Richardson, Joseph, 277. 
Richardt, Samuel, 223. 
Richey, Francis, 277. 
Riddle, John, no, 420. 
Ridgway, 386. 
Riker, E., 130. 
Riley, Mr., 294. 
Rivington, James, 28, 29, 420. 
Roach, Moses, 277. 
Roach, Thomas, 93, 97, 102, 420. 
Robinson, Edward, 89. 
Robinson, James E., 249. 
Robinson, Thomas, 222, 420. 
Rochambeau, Count de, 172, 421. 
Roche, Richard W., 40. 
Rodgers, 170, 245, 247, 421. 
Rogers, S. J., 214. 
Roome, Mr., 315. 
Ross, James, 277, 421. 
Rotch, Moses, 277. 
Roubalet, 34, 350. 
Rowan, Archibald Hamilton, 78, 

89, 403, 421, 422. 
Rowe, Matthew, 277. 
Rugely, Major, 32. 
Rusk, John, 211, 213, 422. 
Russel, in, 155, 196, 422. 
Russell, Thomas, 422. 
Rutgers, Henry, 160, 422. 
Rutledge, Edward, 8, 248, 249, 423. 
Rutledge, John, 8, 248, 423. 
Rutledge, William, 103, 423. 
Rutherford, Robert, 105, 422. 
Ryan, Kennedy, 277. 
Ryan, N. W., 214. 
Sagar, 140, 326. 
Saidler, Henry, 98, 103. 
Salmon, George, 241. 
Sampson, William, 104, 160, 197, 

204, 205, 213, 346, 423. 
Sarsfield, Patrick, 6, 185. 423- 
Savage, Isaac, 277. 
Savage, Richard, 214. 



AN INDEX OF NAMES 



499 



Savage, Robert, 277. 

Schuyler, Gertrude, 349. 

Schuyler, Philip, 384. 

Scott, Gen., 232, 424. 

Scott, John, 277. 

Scott, Matthew, 2,77. 

Scott, Walter, 359, 424. 

Seagrove, James, 350, 447. 

Searight, J., 103. 

Searle, James 215, 350, 424. 

Searle, John, 424. 

Selfridge, Thomas O., 39, 424. 

Sexton, Mary, 407. 

Shaw, James, 105. 

Shaw, John, 97, 98, 424. 

Shaw, William, 105. 

Shays, Mr., 189, 209. 

Sheares, Henry, 424, 425. 

Sheares, John, 424, 425. 

Shee, John, 215, 217, 219, 222, 223, 

425. 
Sheil, Richard Lalor, 391. 
Sheridan, Phil, 216. 
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 425. 
Sheridan, Thomas, 425. 
Sherlock, William, 277. 
Sherrard, William, 277. 
Sheys, James B., 211, 212, 425. 
Shilera, James 277. 
Shippen, 386. 

Shortwell, Valentine, 277. 
Sigell, 27, 28. 
Sirr, Henry C, 422, 425. 
Sloan, Samuel, 447. 
Sloan, William C, 202, 425. 
Sloane, Robert, 277, 426. 
Sloane, Samuel, 277, 426. 
Smith, Col., 270. 
Smith, H., 102. 
Smith, James, 214, 277. 
Smith, John, 405. 
Smith, Joseph, 277. 
Smith, Peter, 277. 
Smith, Samuel, 250. 
Smith, S. H., 40, 426. 
Smyth, Alex., 393. 
Smythe, A. T., 252. 
Spalding, Martin J., 254, 426. 
Sparhawk, E., 67. 
Spenser, 10. 
Spring, A. T., 181. 
Stanley, David, 277. 
Stark, John, 17, 18, 338, 426. 
St. Clair, Arthur, 342, 384. 
Stephens, Thomas, 249. 
Sterne, Laurence, 56, 167. 
Sterling, James, 426. 
Sterling, William, 426. 
Stet, James, 277. 
Steuben, 20, 197, 222, 426, 427. 



Stevenson, 167, 427. 

Stewart, 16, 97, 98, 103, 220, 222, 

225, 231, 236, 239, 241, 277, 311, 

345, 346, 420, 427, 428, 437- 
Stewart, Alexander, 98, 103, 427. 
Stewart, Arthur, 97. 
Stewart, Col. Charles, 220, 222, 225, 

231, 427. 
Stewart, David, 241. 
Stewart, Robert, 345, 346. 
Stewart, Walter, 220, 225, 427, 428. 
Stewart, William, 16, 277. 
Stimson, E., 79. 
Stinson, Eady, 428. 
Stinson, Edey, 105, 428. 
Stinson, John, 277. 
Stirling, Wm., 98, 103. 
St. Lawrence, Joseph, 277, 428. 
Stokes, Rev. Joseph, 260. 
Stone, Edward, 277. 
Stoughton, Thomas, 385. 
Stryker, Capt., 393. 
Stuart, Christopher, 231, 428. 
Stuart, Robert, 45. 
Stuyvesant, Nicholas, 428. 
Stuyvesant, P. G, 89, 428. 
Suffern, Judge, 429. 
Suffern, Thomas, 341, 429. 
Sullivan, Bartholomew, 277. 
Sullivan, James, 429. 
Sullivan, J., 103. 
Sullivan, John, 342, 429. 
Sullivan, Mary H., 405. 
Swanton, Robert, no, 125, 144, 

145, I5 1 * 308, 310, 317, 319, 346, 

429. 
Sweeney, James, 202, 429. 
Swift, Dean, 6, 56, 152, 153, 254, 

291, 425, 429. 
Tabb, James, 277. 
Tabb, Nicholas, 277, 429. 
Tagert, J., 42. 
Tait, John, Jr., 104, 430. 
Talbot, James, 90. 
Tanner, John, 277. 
Tarte, John, Jr., 86. 
Tate, Capt., 393. 
Taylor, John, 225. 
Taylor, Rev. Dr., 185. 
Taylor, William, 39. 
Temple, Robert, 277, 430. 
Templeton, Oliver, 102, 430. 
Ten Eyck, Philip, 391. 
Ternent, Col., 220. 
Terry, David S., 442. 
Tew, Charles C, 251. 
Thackeray, 382. 
Thomas, Archibald, 16, 277. 
Thompson, Alexander, 105, 430. 
Thompson, Alex., Jr., 105. 



5oo 



AN INDEX OF NAMES 



Thompson, Benjamin, 277. 
Thompson, John, 277. 
Thompson, Judge, 346. 
Thompson, Gen. William, 220, 430. 
Thomson, Barney, 30, 33. 
Thomson, Charles, 103, 366, 431. 
Tilghman, Col., 222, 431, 432. 
Tiernan, Luke, 241, 431. 
Tilden, 408. 
Tillotson, 386. 
Toland, Henry, 226. 
Toler, William, 277. 
Tompkins, Daniel D., 123, 127, 129, 

171, 197, 432. 
Tone, Theobald Wolfe, 167, 169, 

200, 422, 423, 432. 
Toohey, Mr., 188. 
Touche, Count De La, 222. 
Townsend, Ann, 350. 
Tracy, Nathaniel, 433. 
Tracy, Patrick, 277, 432, 433. 
Trenor, Dr., 64, 73, 74, 79, 104. 
Trenor, James, 433. 
Trenor, John, 433. 
Truxton, Capt, 222, 228, 433. 
Tufts, John, 277, 433. 
Twomey, John, 213. 
Tyler, Rev. Mr., 40. 
Usher, Luke, 104, 433. 
Usher, Robert, 104. 
Valency, 167, 169, 434. 
Valencey, 434. 
Vallancey, Charles, 434. 
Valentine, 416. 
Van Buren, Lieut,-Col., 393. 
Van Buren, Martin, 346, 447. 
Van Home, Philip, 403. 
Van Wart, Isaac, 440. 
Vernon, Guy de, 445. 
Verplanck, 205, 361, 416, 434. 
Vila, James, 38, 434. 
Vincent, William, 277. 
Vogde, 229. 
Waddell, R. R., 48, 49, 93, 94, 95, 

98, 99, 102, 103, 304, 434. 435- 
Wade, Elizabeth Storer, 251. 
Wade, William, 103. 
Waldron, Samuel, 28. 
Walker, Major, 222. 
Walker, Patrick, 17, 277. 
Wall, Mr., 197. 
Wallace, Alexander, 448. 
Wallace, Hugh, 448. 
Wallace, William, 103, 435. 
Walpole, Robert, 415. 
Walsh, J., 246. 
Walsh, John D., 188. 
Walsh, Nathaniel, 16, 277. 
Walton, Hon. William, 27. 
Ward, John E., 260. 



Warner, Leonard, 315. 

Warren, J., 104, 435. 

Warren, James, 435. 

Warren, John, 435. 

Warren, John G., 435. 

Warren, Joseph, 435. 

Warren, Joshua, 435. 

Warren, Peter, 17, 435. 

Washington (George), see General 

Index. 
Washington, Major, 222, 435. 
Washington, William Augustine, 

435- 
Waterston, R. C, 273. 
Watkins, Charles, 391. 
Watson, James, 103, 436. 
Watson, James, Jr., 436. 
Wayne, Anthony, 219, 222, 224, 

436. 
Wayne, James M., 182, 436. 
Wayne, Judge, 83, 436. 
Weaver, Captain, 236, 239, 434. 
Webster, Daniel, 362. 
Webster, Mr., 158. 
Welch, Walter, 270. 
Wellington, 65, 67, 70, 376. 
West, William, 215, 216, 219, 437. 
Wheaton, Eber, 203, 437. 
Wheaton, Mr., 140. 
Whelen, Michael, 254, 437. 
Whitaker, Benj., 259, 437. 
White, Bishop, 232. 
White, Campbell P., 83, 86, 88, 96, 

97, 104, 437- 
White, Daniel, 83. 
White, Edward C, 214. 
White, George, 125. 
White, John Campbell, 241, 437. 
White, Mrs. Blake L., 250. 
White, Robert, 83, 104, 437. 
White, Stephen, 144. 
White, William P., 241, 260, 437. 
Whitley, John, 277. 
Whitman, B., 277. 
Wier, David, 277. 
Wier, Robert, 277, 437. 
Wier, Robert, Jr., 277, 437. 
Wilkinson, James, 243, 438. 
Williams, David, 440. 
Williams, Peter, 277. 
Willis, Charles, 277. 
Wilson, Alexander, 277, 438. 
Wilson, Col., 61. 
Wilson, James, 223, 438. 
Wilson, John, 57, 80, 85, 86, 96, 104, 

341, 438. 
Wilson, Joseph, 78, 84, 105. 
Wilson, Sir Robert, 61, 182, 438. 
Winthrop, Robert, 43. 
Wolfe, 400. 



AN INDEX OF NAMES 501 

Wood, Roger, 277. Wright, Francis, 277, 438. 

Woods, William, 277. Wright, James, 89. 

Woodward, John, 95, 438. Wright, John W., 57, 104, 186, 438. 

Woodworth, S., 82. Wright, Samuel, 259. 

Worsam, Richard, 398. Xifre, Joseph, 382. 

Wortman, T., 299. Yates, Catherine, 416. 

Wright, Dr., 104. 



' / 



INDEX OF IRISH PLACES 



Antrim, 376, 409, 412. 

Armagh, 340, 392. 

Athy, 362. 

Ballyshannon, 332. 

Bandon, 361. 

Belfast, 166, 167, 170, 171, 365, 380, 
401, 402. 

Boyne, The, 10, 423, 436. 

Cahirciveen, 407. 

Cape Clear, 270. 

Carlow, 357, 361. 

Carrickfergus, 329, 376. 

Carrickmacross, 446. 

Castlereagh, 345. 

Castletown, 7. 

Cavan, 356. 

Clare, 373. 

Clogher, 441. 

Clontarf, 10, 338. 

Cloyne, 9, 441. 

Connaught, 340. 

Connemara, 270. 

Cork, 154, 353, 360, 361, 379, 384, 
403, 405, 407, 414, 417, 422, 424. 

Derry, 366, 441. 

Desmond, 16, 410. 

Donegal, 332, 427. 

Down, 412. 

Downpatrick, 422. 

Drogheda, 359. 

Dublin, 39, 79, 166, 336, 338, 340, 
341, 344, 346, 350, 359, 360, 363, 
385, 401, 407, 410, 411, 412, 416, 
417, 422, 423, 424, 425, 429, 434. 

Dungannon, 357. 

Enniskillen, 375. 

Fermanagh, 407. 

Galway, 379, 385, 3§8. 

Giant's Causeway, 270. 

Howth, 270. 



Kerry, 407. 

Kildare, 67, 357, 421. 

Kilkenny, 342, 441. 

Kilmore, 356. 

Kilronan, 407. 

Kings, 370. 

Kinsale, 414. 

Lecale, 412. 

Leighlin, 357. 

Leinster, 362. 

Leitrim, 407. 

Limerick, 6, 185, 357, 398, 407, 423. 

Londonderry, 343, 345, 362. 

Longford, 348, 359, 367, 443. 

Lucan, 423. 

Macroom, 384. 

Maynooth, 39. 

Meath, 17, 19, 407, 431. 

Moira, 30, 171. 

Monaghan, 355, 390, 421. 

Mountcashel, 67. 

Munster, 341. 

Newmarket, 353. 

New Ross, 357. 

Newry, 352, 387, 439. 

Ossory, 70. 

Pallas, 367. 

Raphoe, 400. 

Slane, 412. 

Sligo, 413, 437- 

Strabane, 35, 344, 358, 398, 399- 

Tar a, 338, 412. 

Tyrone, 344, 358, 398, 399- 

Ulster, 341, 345, 422, 446. 

Waterford, 380, 408. 

Westmeath, 425. 

Wexford, 43, 333, 357, 406, 412. 

Wicklow, 360, 412. 

Youghal, 417. 



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